Task Specific Task Specific StrengthStrength

Chapter 2Chapter 2

How, What and Why?How, What and Why?

How to trainHow to train What should be trainedWhat should be trained WhyWhy training should be training should be

performedperformed What is strength?What is strength? How is it achieved?How is it achieved? Task specific strength has Task specific strength has

carryovercarryover

Elements of StrengthElements of Strength

Maximal muscular performanceMaximal muscular performance 1RM or personal best1RM or personal best

PPmm, F, Fmm & V & Vmm

Parametric relation between these Parametric relation between these variables?variables? Negative relationshipsNegative relationships

Force/velocity relationship?Force/velocity relationship?

http://www.scripps.edu/cb/milligan/projects.html

Figure 2.1Figure 2.1 – 1969 – 1969

Table on page 19Table on page 19

Nonparametric RelationsNonparametric Relations

Maximum maximorum Maximum maximorum performanceperformance

Only max under favorable conditionsOnly max under favorable conditions PPmmmm, F, Fmmmm & V & Vmmmm

Relation between PRelation between Pmm and P and Pmmmm is is nonparametricnonparametric Nonparametric are positiveNonparametric are positive

Nonparametric cont…Nonparametric cont…

Greater FGreater Fmmmm and V and Vm m WHY?WHY? Stronger Stronger andand faster faster Resistance must be sufficient to Resistance must be sufficient to

allow strength to be manifestedallow strength to be manifested If force is low then strength plays no If force is low then strength plays no

rolerole What sports?What sports?

Training should include bothTraining should include both

Example on page 21?Example on page 21?

Figure 2.2Figure 2.2 max force and max force and specific velocityspecific velocity

Defining StrengthDefining Strength

Ability to produce FAbility to produce Fmmmm

ConcentricConcentric – shortening against – shortening against forceforce

EccentricEccentric – lengthening with force – lengthening with force IsometricIsometric – no change with force – no change with force FFmmmm must be against high force must be against high force

Extrinsic Determining Extrinsic Determining FactorsFactors

Mechanical feedback – effect of the Mechanical feedback – effect of the outside forcesoutside forces

Force applied causes a changeForce applied causes a change Types of resistanceTypes of resistance

ElasticElastic – force is pos related to distance of – force is pos related to distance of stretchstretch

InertiaInertia – F = MA – F = MA HydrodynamicHydrodynamic – viscosity – viscosity Compound resistanceCompound resistance – weights and chains – weights and chains

or elasticor elastic

Intrinsic Determining Intrinsic Determining FactorsFactors

Rate of force development (Rate of force development (RFDRFD) – ) – time for force to be manifestedtime for force to be manifested

Time to peak force TTime to peak force Tmm

Time to peak force is 0.3-0.4 sTime to peak force is 0.3-0.4 s

Figure 2.8Figure 2.8

Explosive strength deficit 50%Explosive strength deficit 50% Figure 2.8Figure 2.8

Finger snap (force accumulation)Finger snap (force accumulation)

Table on page 27Table on page 27 – – compare?compare?

Explosive Strength Explosive Strength DeficitDeficit

May increase FMay increase Fmmmm

May increase RFD with explosive workMay increase RFD with explosive work Strength and power are differentStrength and power are different S gradient on S gradient on pagepage 2828

Figure 2.7Figure 2.7 - 0.3-0.4 s - 0.3-0.4 s

Figure 2.9Figure 2.9

VelocityVelocity

Inverse relationshipInverse relationship AV Hill AV Hill equation on page 30equation on page 30 Intermediate range is importantIntermediate range is important Max power is at 1/3Max power is at 1/3

whywhy? (pg 31)? (pg 31) Shot putters vs. javelin throwers?Shot putters vs. javelin throwers? No relationship between FNo relationship between Fmmmm and and

VVmmmm

Figure 2.10Figure 2.10

Figure 2.13Figure 2.13 P=w/t or FxV P=w/t or FxV

EccentricsEccentrics

Much greater than concentricMuch greater than concentric Why?Why?

Total force velocity curveTotal force velocity curve Fewer muscle fibers and EMGFewer muscle fibers and EMG DOMS and damageDOMS and damage

Figure 2.14Figure 2.14

Stretch-Shortening Cycle Stretch-Shortening Cycle (SSC)(SSC)

Eccentric-concentric Eccentric-concentric couplecouple Countermovement jumpCountermovement jump Elasticity – stretch induced – what Elasticity – stretch induced – what

formula?formula? StiffnessStiffness

Muscle – variableMuscle – variable Tendon – constantTendon – constant

Tension and stiffness are relatedTension and stiffness are related

ActsActs like rubber band – like rubber band – Figure 2.15Figure 2.15

Neural MechanismsNeural Mechanisms

Muscle spindles – Muscle spindles – stretchstretch

Golgi tendons – Golgi tendons – forceforce Neural loop – Neural loop – reflexreflex Training enhances this Training enhances this

effecteffect

Figure 2.19 Figure 2.19 (read top pg. (read top pg. 39)39)

Strength CurvesStrength Curves

Strength changes as a function Strength changes as a function of of ROMROM

Why is this important for lifting?Why is this important for lifting? OverlapOverlap?? Length tension curvesLength tension curves Torque=fd (Torque=fd (d=moment armd=moment arm)) Lever changes and force Lever changes and force

changeschanges

Figure 2.21Figure 2.21

Figure 2.22Figure 2.22

Levers and StrengthLevers and Strength Strength = Strength = force moment arm ratioforce moment arm ratio Short levers create more forceShort levers create more force Line of force action is close to joint Line of force action is close to joint

when force is highwhen force is high

Figure 2.26Figure 2.26

SummarySummary Parametric Parametric

relations are relations are negativenegative

Nonparametric may Nonparametric may be positivebe positive

Max force equals Max force equals strengthstrength

External factors External factors such as type of such as type of resistanceresistance

Time of force Time of force productionproduction

RFD is important RFD is important (isometric(isometric))

Strength and power Strength and power are differentare different

Concentric vs. Concentric vs. eccentric strengtheccentric strength

SSC reactive SSC reactive strengthstrength

Elastic and neuralElastic and neural Spindles vs. golgiSpindles vs. golgi Length tensionLength tension Lever lengthLever length

Next ClassNext Class

Lab tonight on Lab tonight on VJ force, velocity VJ force, velocity and jump height (CMJ vs SJ) and jump height (CMJ vs SJ) and and unloaded knee extension unloaded knee extension velocity (R vs L)velocity (R vs L)

Homework explanationHomework explanation Read Huxley article and write Read Huxley article and write

synopsissynopsis

Next week Chapter 3 and labNext week Chapter 3 and lab