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ContentsChapter IntroductionSection 1The Western FrontierSection 2Invention and IndustrySection 3Reform at Home, Expansion AbroadSection 4World War I and Its AftermathChapter SummaryChapter AssessmentClick on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

Introduction 1Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.

Introduction 2Chapter ObjectivesClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Explain why settlers moved west. Discuss the reasons why settlers came into conflict with Native Americans.Section 1: The Western Frontier

Introduction 3Chapter ObjectivesClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Analyze how American cities and industries changed at the turn of the century. Describe the challenges immigrants to the United States faced.Section 2: Invention and Industry

Introduction 4Chapter ObjectivesClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Examine the ways in which the Progressive movement changed America. Review the reasons the United States sought to expand overseas.Section 3: Reform at Home, Expansion Abroad

Introduction 5Chapter ObjectivesClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Understand what role the United States played in World War I. Summarize how the nation changed during the 1920s.Section 4: World War I and Its Aftermath

Introduction 6Why It MattersGrowth has been a constant part of the American experience. Beginning as a small cluster of colonies on the Atlantic coast, the nation expanded beyond the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. As it became powerful, the United States moved beyond its territorial limits in search of new markets and colonies. The United States also began to take a major role in shaping world affairs.

Introduction 7The Impact TodayThe nations responsibilities as an international power demand open attitudes to new ideas. Americans adjust to these ideas in ways that assure the future of a free and democratic society.

Introduction 8

Introduction 9

End of Introduction

Section 1-1Guide to ReadingClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Following the Civil War, settlers began to move west, which led to conflict with Native Americans. boomtown Main IdeaKey Termstranscontinental vaqueros reservation

Section 1-2Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Guide to Reading (cont.)Organizing Information As you read the section, re-create the diagram on page 528 of your textbook and describe the significance of each of the items on the diagram. why settlers moved west. Reading StrategyRead to Learnwhy settlers came into conflict with Native Americans.

Section 1-3Guide to Reading (cont.)Geography and History Railroads led the way west and opened the Great Plains to settlement.Section Theme

Section 1-4Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.Gold nuggets

Section 1-5Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Settling the West The discovery of gold in 1858 brought the miners west and created boomtowns overnight. The discovery of other valuable minerals that needed to be shipped to factories in the East also brought the railroads west. The government gave out loans and land grants that helped build the transcontinental rail line, which connected the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.(pages 529530)

Section 1-6Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Settling the West (cont.) The two sides of the transcontinental rail line met at Promontory Point, Utah. The railway led the way for a new wave of settlers to the West.(pages 529530)

Section 1-7Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The increase in value of the longhorns created the Long Drive, the herding of hundreds of thousands of cattle north to the railroad. This time period in the late 1860s to the mid-1880s was known as the Cattle Kingdom.Settling the West (cont.) (pages 529530)The Civil War had caused a shortage of beef in the East, while in Texas, longhorn cattle were found everywhere.

Section 1-8Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Settling the West (cont.) (pages 529530)Trails such as the Chisholm Trail and the Goodnight-Loving Trail were used to carry millions of cattle north. Cattle driving was very difficult for the cowhands. It was a lonely life. Some cowhands were African Americans in search of a better life after the Civil War. Others were Hispanic cowhands from the Southwest, known as vaqueros.

Section 1-9Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The time of the Cattle Kingdom came to an end when overproduction caused the price for cattle to go down, and two severe winters in the mid-1880s killed thousands of animals. The day of the large herds on the open range ended as ranchers raised cattle on fenced-in ranches. Settling the West (cont.) (pages 529530)

Section 1-10Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.In the late 1860s, farmers began settling in the Plains. There were several factors that brought settlers to the Plains. Settling the West (cont.) (pages 529530)The journey west was now easier and cheaper because of the railroads. An above-average rainfall made the Plains more suited for farming. In 1862 the Homestead Act was passed. This gave 160 acres of free land to any settler who paid a filing fee and who would live on the land for five years.

Section 1-11Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Settling the West (cont.) (pages 529530)Thousands of new settlers arrived on the Plains. Some were immigrants, while others were single women and widows who were able to acquire property. Since wood was scarce, the farmers found new ways of doing things. They became known as sodbusters, using sod to build houses, windmills to pump water, and barbed wire to fence in land.

Section 1-12Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Settling the West (cont.) (pages 529530)Oklahoma was the last part of the Plains to be settled. The federal government opened Oklahoma Territory, which had been designated as Indian Territory in the 1830s, to the homesteaders in 1889. The Plains had been changed dramatically by settlement.

Section 1-13Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.What were the major factors that opened up the West for settlement? The discovery of gold and other valuable minerals, the transcontinental railroad, and the Homestead Act of 1862 were some of the major factors in the settlement of the West.Settling the West (cont.) (pages 529530)

Section 1-14Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Native American Struggles During the settling of the West, the federal government set aside reservations, or tracts of land, where the Native Americans would live. (pages 531532)Many Native Americans did not want to leave their native lands, refusing to accept the reservation policy. Fighting between the United States Army and different Native American groups began. One important battle was near the Little Bighorn River in Montana.

Section 1-15Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Native American Struggles (cont.) The federal government reduced the size of the reservations and moved the Native Americans to undesirable land. The Sioux decided to fight back, so Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse led their people off the reservation and joined with thousands of other Sioux and Cheyenne at Little Bighorn.(pages 531532)The Sioux received lands in South Dakota, but when gold was discovered there, the miners flocked onto the Siouxs reservation.

Section 1-16Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Native American Struggles (cont.) (pages 531532)The Sioux and Cheyenne killed Custer and all of his troops, but within months, government soldiers found the Native Americans involved and forced them to surrender.The battle took place in June of 1876 against Lieutenant Colonel George Custer and more than 200 United States troops.

Section 1-17Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.More battles and defeats of Native American people happened in the 1870s. The Nez Perce of eastern Oregon were forced to move to a smaller reservation in Idaho in 1877. Led by Chief Joseph, the Nez Perce fled and escaped capture for almost two months before surrendering to troops near the Canadian border. The Nez Perce were forced to live on a barren Oklahoma reservation, which had a very different climate and terrain from their native Northwest. Many Nez Perce died.Native American Struggles (cont.) (pages 531532)

Section 1-18Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Native American Struggles (cont.) (pages 531532)A group of Apache led by Geronimo were captured in 1886. At this point, United States troops had restricted all Native American nations to reservations.

Section 1-19Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The final resistance from Native Americans took place in 1890 when a group of United States soldiers tried to disarm a band of Native Americans assembled at Wounded Knee in South Dakota. Native American Struggles (cont.) (pages 531532)A massacre of over 200 Native Americans and 25 soldiers occurred. This was the end of the armed conflict between the United States government and the Native Americans.

Section 1-20Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.During the 1880s the plight of the Native American people came to the attention of Americans, and a call for reform and more humane policies followed. Helen Hunt Jackson wrote a book called A Century of Dishonor about the mistreatment of the Native Americans. The Dawes Act of 1887 planned to break up the reservations and to end individual identification with a tribal group. Each Native American was to be given a plot of land in the hopes of encouraging the Native American people to become farmers. Native American Struggles (cont.) (pages 531532)

Section 1-21Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The census report of 1890 stated that the West was so broken up by settlement that a frontier line could no longer be identified, which meant that the West was considered to be completely settled.Native American Struggles (cont.) (pages 531532)The government divided up the reservations with speculators acquiring most of the valued land.

Section 1-22Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Discuss the impact of the Dawes Act on Native American people. Do you think integration into United Statess society was the best solution for the Native Americans?Possible answer: With the Dawes Act, the Native Americans were told not to identify with their own group, their children were sent away and raised as United States citizens with no ties to their own heritage, and their collective land was sold.Native American Struggles (cont.) (pages 531532)

Section 1-23Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Farmers in Protest The expansion of farming after the Civil War led to a greater crop supply. (page 553)However, with less demand the prices of crops fell, while the farmers transportation expenses remained high. The Farmers Alliance was formed to help solve the farmers problems. Members of the Farmers Alliance established the Populist Party in 1890. The Populists wanted the government to nationalize public transportation in order to end high railway rates.

Section 1-24Farmers in Protest (cont.) (page 553)The Populists also wanted silver to become the basis for money so the amount of money available was not limited to the gold standard.

Section 1-25Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.In the 1896 presidential election, the major issue was about using silver to make coins. Farmers in Protest (cont.) (page 553)William Jennings Bryan was a strong supporter of using silver. He was nominated by the Democrats and supported by the Populists. The Republicans nominated William McKinley, a strong supporter of using gold to make coins. McKinley won, giving urban America more political strength than rural America. America was now changed to an industrial nation.

Section 1-26Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.In what ways might the rural United States have benefited if William Jennings Bryan had been elected president? Farmers might have paid less money transporting their crop. Farmers might also have earned more money for their crop with silver joining gold as the basis of money.Farmers in Protest (cont.) (page 553)

Section 1-27Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.Checking for Understanding__ 1.Hispanic ranch hand __ 2.a community experiencing a sudden growth in business or population __ 3.extending across a continent __ 4.an area of public lands set aside for Native AmericansA.boomtownB.transcontinentalC.vaqueroD.reservationDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.CA BD

Section 1-28Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Checking for UnderstandingReviewing Facts Who was Chief Joseph?He was the Nez Perce leader who tried to help his people flee from forced relocation to a reservation.

Section 1-29Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing ThemesGeography and History What was the transcontinental railroad? How did it influence settlement?The transcontinental railroad was a railway built in 1869 connecting the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. It brought a new wave of ranchers and farmers to the West.

Section 1-30Critical ThinkingDrawing Conclusions In what ways did the government reservation policy ignore the needs of Native Americans?Possible answer: Railroad crews and miners continued to enter the reservations; the size of the reservations was reduced; undesirable land was given to Native Americans; and the reservations climate and terrain were unfamiliar.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 1-31Analyzing VisualsGeography Skills Study the map of Western Native American Lands on page 531 of your textbook. When did the Battle of Wounded Knee occur? Where were the Shoshone reservations located?The Battle of Wounded Knee occurred in 1890. Shoshone reservations were located in Oregon and Wyoming.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 1-32Art Create a poster that the United States government might have used to encourage farmers to move west. Display your posters in class.

End of Section 1

Section 2-1Guide to ReadingClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.During the late 1800s, the United States experienced tremendous industrial growth. horizontal integration Main IdeaKey Termstrust monopoly vertical integration collective bargaining settlement house

Section 2-2Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Guide to Reading (cont.)Organizing Information As you read the section, re-create the diagram on page 534 of your textbook and explain the importance of the individuals in the diagram. how American cities and industries had changed at the turn of the century. Reading StrategyRead to Learnwhat challenges immigrants to the United States faced.

Section 2-3Guide to Reading (cont.)Science and Technology New inventions promoted economic growth.Section Theme

Section 2-4Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.Train song sheet

Section 2-5Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growth of Industry Talented inventors, eager investors, willing workers, and a pro-business government made the expansion of United States industry possible. (pages 535537)Rich natural resources such as coal, iron, gold, silver, lead, zinc, and copper helped form the base for heavy industry in the United States. Railroads, bridges, skyscrapers, and machinery for factories were built from the materials produced by heavy industry. The United States became the worlds leading manufacturing nation by the late 1800s.

Section 2-6Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growth of Industry (cont.) Railroads became the powerhouse behind the United Statess economic growth. American industry expanded in the West as a result of the railroads, creating thousands of new jobs for Americans. The regions of the United States were connected by the railroads, and American society was brought together.(pages 535537)

Section 2-7Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growth of Industry (cont.) Patents, protecting peoples right to make, sell, or use their own invention, were granted during the invention boom of the late 1800s. (pages 535537)The discoveries of coke, soft coal with the impurities removed, and the Bessemer Process, a process that used blasts of cold air to burn off impurities from heated iron, allowed steel to be made cheaply. The production of steel soared and was used to make new machinery and many other products.

Section 2-8Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growth of Industry (cont.) (pages 535537)New sources of power were developed. Thomas Edison led others in building the first large power plant to supply electricity to entire cities. By 1900 electric power was used in homes and offices, and ran streetcars, elevators, and factories.

Section 2-9Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growth of Industry (cont.) Advancements also took place in the communications industry. (pages 535537)Cyrus Field laid a transatlantic telegraph cable in 1866. Messages sent to Europe arrived in minutes rather than in weeks. Alexander Graham Bell developed the telephone in 1876, which led to the establishment of the American Bell Telephone Company. By 1902 Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi transmitted radio messages for thousands of miles.

Section 2-10Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growth of Industry (cont.) In the early 1900s, Henry Ford invented the first gasoline-powered automobile that could be cheaply produced on an assembly line. In 1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright built and tested the first successful engine-powered aircraft. These two inventions began a transportation revolution in the United States.(pages 535537)

Section 2-11Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growth of Industry (cont.) In the growing economy, businesses looked for ways to expand. Companies created corporations to sell shares or stock in order to raise money for expansion. (pages 535537)John D. Rockefeller organized the Standard Oil Company in 1870 by using horizontal integration, which combined rival companies into one corporation.

Section 2-12Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growth of Industry (cont.) (pages 535537)Rockefeller also created a trust. This was a group of companies managed by the same board of directors. By doing this, Rockefeller had created a monopoly, almost total control of an industry by one company. Andrew Carnegie created a monopoly in the steel industry. His company became powerful through buying companies that provided materials his company needed. This was called vertical integration. Carnegie was able to control all parts of the steel-making process.

Section 2-13Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growth of Industry (cont.) While the growth of industry in the late 1800s created new jobs and raised the standard of living for workers, laborers worked 10- to 12-hour days, six days a week in factories and mines that were noisy, polluted, and unsafe. (pages 535537)Workers formed labor unions to demand better pay and working conditions. The Knights of Labor, a large industrial union, was organized in 1869 and grew to more than 700,000 members. The Knights lost their influence in the 1890s when some of the members were accused of using violence.

Section 2-14Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growth of Industry (cont.) (pages 535537)The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was formed by a group of unions in 1886 and represented skilled workers. The AFL fought for higher pay, better working conditions and collective bargaining in which unions represent workers in bargaining with management. Samuel Gompers was the first leader of the AFL. Workers in unions would strike, refusing to do their jobs, in order to attain their goals. The national railroad strike in 1877 was the first of many violent struggles between workers and employees.

Section 2-15The Growth of Industry (cont.) (pages 535537)Few strikes succeeded, and by the late 1800s, most laborers had less political power and control of the workplace.

Section 2-16Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.What were some of the ways in which the growth of industry affected the United States worker? A booming industry created more jobs and raised the standard of living for workers. Corporations and monopolies were created, which gave the worker fewer choices and less political power at the workplace.The Growth of Industry (cont.) (pages 535537)

Section 2-17Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growing Cities After the Civil War, cities grew as people moved to obtain a job in a factory and as new immigrants arrived in the country. (pages 537539)Immigrants were processed at a government reception center. Ellis Island in New York and Angel Island in San Francisco were two of the most famous centers.

Section 2-18Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growing Cities (cont.) In the cities, immigrants formed communities of people in the same ethnic group. Neighborhoods of people with the same language and customs such as Jewish, Italian, Polish, and other groups developed in large cities. (pages 537539)

Section 2-19Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growing Cities (cont.) Immigrants faced discrimination in the late 1800s as United States workers blamed them for low wages. Many native Americans resented the different cultures and religions of the immigrants, and immigrants became targets of hostility. (pages 537539)

Section 2-20Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growing Cities (cont.) Life in the cities was exciting with job offers, stores for shopping, and entertainment. Poverty was also a part of city life as the gap between the rich and the poor increased.(pages 537539)

Section 2-21Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growing Cities (cont.) As people flooded the cities, housing could not be built fast enough. Large apartment buildings called tenements housed the poor with many people living in the small rooms. The growth of cities created other problems such as disease, crime, and poor sanitation.(pages 537539)

Section 2-22Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growing Cities (cont.) The middle class was also growing in the cities. This group included the families of professional people such as doctors, lawyers, and ministers as well as a large number of managers and salaried office clerks. Many middle-class families moved to residential areas outside the city called suburbs.(pages 537539)

Section 2-23Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growing Cities (cont.) The upper class was the extremely wealthy who lived a different life from most Americans. They built mansions in the cities and huge estates in the country. The late 1800s became known as the Gilded Age. Gilded means something that is covered with a thin layer of gold. The Gilded Age came to mean a time of excessive wealth with miserable poverty that lay underneath.(pages 537539)

Section 2-24Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growing Cities (cont.) Cities were in a crisis because of serious problems created by their rapid growth. Overcrowding in tenements led to health and sanitation problems. Garbage piled up in the streets created a source for disease to spread. Other problems were caused by poverty. The poor resorted to crime, and gangs formed in poverty-stricken neighborhoods.(pages 537539)

Section 2-25Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growing Cities (cont.) Religious groups and settlement houses helped with the problems in the cities. (pages 537539)The Salvation Army set up soup kitchens and shelters to feed and house the homeless. Settlement houses provided education, medical care, playgrounds, nurseries, and libraries to the poor. Jane Addams founded Hull House in Chicago in 1889. Jacob Riis, a Danish immigrant, photographed the terrible living conditions in New York, shocking many Americans.

Section 2-26Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growing Cities (cont.) (pages 537539)Many reformers fought for cleaner water and better sewage systems in the cities. They also petitioned for better ventilation, plumbing in all new buildings, and mandatory vaccinations. With these improvements fewer people died of diseases such as typhoid and smallpox.

Section 2-27Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growing Cities (cont.) At the end of the 1800s, people believed that education was necessary in order for the nation to progress. By 1914 almost every state mandated that children receive some schooling.(pages 537539)

Section 2-28Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Growing Cities (cont.) By the turn of the century, the American culture was changing with many Americans enjoying leisure time. Spectator sports such as baseball, football, basketball, and boxing were popular in the city. People enjoyed 5-cent movies, band music, jazz, and ragtime. Americans were reading more books, newspapers, and magazines.(pages 537539)

Section 2-29What problems were caused by the growth of urban America?Rapid growth caused overcrowding, disease, crime, and poor sanitation. The influx of immigrants also caused problems of hostility in the cities.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.The Growing Cities (cont.) (pages 537539)

Section 2-30Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.Checking for Understanding__ 1.the combining of competing firms into one corporation __ 2.a combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition __ 3.the combining of companies that supply equipment and services needed for a particular industry A.horizontal integrationB.vertical integrationC.trustDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.A C B

Section 2-31Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Checking for UnderstandingReviewing Facts Where is Ellis Island? What purpose did it serve?Ellis Island is in New York Harbor. It served as a government reception center for immigrants.

Section 2-32Reviewing ThemesScience and Technology Which of the inventions in Section 2 do you think is the most valuable to todays world? Explain.

Section 2-33Critical ThinkingMaking Comparisons Explain how the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor were alike and how they were different.Both were labor unions that worked to improve working conditions. The Knights was an industrial union that lost influence in the 1890s. The AFL represented skilled workers and supported collective bargaining.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 2-34Analyzing VisualsGraph Skills According to the graph on page 538 of your textbook, about how many more people lived in rural than in urban areas in 1860? What conclusion can you draw about total population between 1860 and 1900?About 18-20 million more people lived in rural than in urban areas. The total population grew steadily.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 2-35Art Create a collage illustrating the origins of immigrants who came to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

End of Section 2

Section 3-1Guide to ReadingClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Progressive reform affected many areas of life and the United States took a more active role in international affairs. muckraker Main IdeaKey Termssuffragist imperialism yellow journalism

Section 3-2Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Guide to Reading (cont.)Organizing Information As you read the section, re-create the diagram on page 540 of your textbook and describe the amendments and laws listed in the diagram. how the Progressive movement changed America. Reading StrategyRead to Learnwhy the United States sought to expand overseas.

Section 3-3Guide to Reading (cont.)Groups and Institutions Progressive reformers worked to extend voting rights, improve working conditions, and promote temperance.Section Theme

Section 3-4Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.Jacob Riis

Section 3-5Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Progressive Movement During the late 1800s and early 1900s, reformers, or progressives, believed that society could be improved and made fair by the efforts of individuals and government. (page 541)Political machines were powerful organizations linked to political parties that controlled many cities. Progressives believed that the corruption of the political machines was the cause of urban problems, so they worked to make city government more honest and efficient.

Section 3-6Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Progressive Movement (cont.) (page 541)Cities concerned by poor management and corruption tried new forms of government such as setting up commissions. By 1917 almost 400 cities were governed by commissions. In 1890 Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act to keep big business from becoming too powerful. However, until the early 1900s, the Sherman Act was used most often against labor unions to stop them from striking.

Section 3-7Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Progressive Movement (cont.) (page 541)In 1887 the Interstate Commerce Act was passed. This act required railroads to charge reasonable and just rates, and it created the Interstate Commerce Commission to supervise the railroad industry and later the trucking industry.

Section 3-8Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Some journalists, called muckrakers, helped the Progressive movement by exposing injustices. The Progressive Movement (cont.) (page 541)Lincoln Steffens was an effective muckraker who wrote articles that uncovered corrupt political machines. His articles strengthened the cause of the reformers and helped build up the demand for urban reform. Ida Tarbell wrote about the unfair practices of the oil trust. Her articles led to public pressure for more control over big business.

Section 3-9Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Progressive Movement (cont.) (page 541)The horrors of the meat-packing industry were shockingly described in Upton Sinclairs novel The Jungle in 1906. Congress was urged into passing the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act.

Section 3-10Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.How did Americans interest and time to read newspapers help the Progressive movement?Americans became more aware of urban problems such as corrupt government. The muckrakers helped Americans become more informed about the injustices of the day. Americans then felt compelled to take action.The Progressive Movement (cont.) (page 541)

Section 3-11Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.(pages 541544)Expanding Democracy In the early 1900s, reforms were made in order to increase Americans direct control of government. Reforms called the Oregon system gave voters more power. Included in the reforms were a direct primary election; the initiative, which permitted citizens to place an issue on the ballot in a state election; the referendum, which allowed voters the chance to accept or reject actions that the state enacted; and the recall, which gave voters the ability to remove inadequate elected officials from their jobs.

Section 3-12Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Expanding Democracy (cont.) (pages 541544)The Seventeenth Amendment was ratified in 1913, providing people with the opportunity to elect senators directly. The Fifteenth Amendment gave voting rights to freed men, but not to women. Suffragists were men and women who fought to give women the right to vote. The West was where suffragists won their first battles, with Wyoming being the first state to give women the right to vote. In 1920, just in time for the next presidential election, the Nineteenth Amendment was approved, allowing women the right to vote.

Section 3-13Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The reform movement reached the White House with the first Progressive president, Republican Theodore Roosevelt. He took office after William McKinley was assassinated. Expanding Democracy (cont.) (pages 541544)President Roosevelt used the Sherman Antitrust Act to sue trusts in the railroad, beef, tobacco, and oil industries. President William Howard Taft continued Roosevelts reform policies.

Section 3-14Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Expanding Democracy (cont.) (pages 541544)President Woodrow Wilson began his own policy of reform and persuaded Congress to set up the Federal Reserve, a system of 12 regional banks supported by a central board based in Washington. Wilson also established the Federal Trade Commission that would investigate corporations for unfair trade practices.

Section 3-15Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.In spite of the many reforms, discrimination was still a part of American society. Many Americans faced unfair treatment because of their race, religion, ethnic background, or place of birth. Catholic and Jewish immigrants alike were confronted with prejudices from landlords, employers, and schools. On the West Coast, Asians dealt with resentment from white Americans who felt that jobs were being taken away from them.Expanding Democracy (cont.) (pages 541544)

Section 3-16Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.African Americans also faced the challenges of discrimination. They were denied basic rights and limited to second-class citizenship. Expanding Democracy (cont.) (pages 541544)Segregation was legalized in 1896 with the Supreme Court ruling for separate but equal facilities in Plessy v. Ferguson. Booker T. Washington established the Tuskegee Institute to help African Americans get away from poverty by learning technical skills. Ida B. Wells started a campaign to end the lynching of African Americans.

Section 3-17Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Expanding Democracy (cont.) (pages 541544)W.E.B. Du Bois implored African Americans to fight for civil rights and to reject segregation. An important African American leader, Du Bois helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.

Section 3-18Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Another group of immigrants that faced discrimination were the Mexican Americans who came to America to escape revolution and financial troubles in Mexico. Self-help groups were formed by Mexican Americans to cope with overcrowding, poor sanitation, inadequate public services, and legal problems.Expanding Democracy (cont.) (pages 541544)

Section 3-19Do you think the same problems of discrimination face African Americans today? Possible answer: African Americans in the early 1900s faced the challenges of legalized segregation. While today segregation is no longer legal, African Americans sometimes face social segregation and still deal with discrimination in a variety of ways.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Expanding Democracy (cont.) (pages 541544)

Section 3-20Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.(pages 544545)Overseas Expansion Americans, having expanded across the continent by 1890, now looked to increase Americas trade and power across new frontiers. The age of imperialism, from the late 1800s to the early 1900s, was a time when large empires were created by powerful nations such as Europe and Japan. Many Americans felt that to keep the economy growing the United States would have to expand its power overseas.

Section 3-21Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Overseas Expansion (cont.) American settlers in Hawaii wanted to join the United States to avoid paying tariffs for exporting sugar. In 1893 the settlers removed the Hawaiian queen from power, and five years later Hawaii was taken over by the United States.(pages 544545)

Section 3-22Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.In 1895 a war for independence developed between Cuba and Spain. Overseas Expansion (cont.) (pages 544545)The Cubans fight for independence was led by Jos Mart. Yellow journalism, which was the sensational, biased, and often false reporting of stories, rallied American sympathy for the Cubans. President McKinley dispatched the battleship Maine in early 1898 to protect Americans living in Cuba. When the Maine exploded on February 15, 1898, killing 266 people, American newspapers blamed the Spanish.

Section 3-23Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Overseas Expansion (cont.) (pages 544545)Congress declared war on Spain on April 25, 1898. In 1898 Congress approved the addition of 30,000 soldiers to the regular or permanent army to help the unprepared United States Army, which had only 28,000 soldiers. Congress also authorized a large volunteer force. The Rough Riders, led by Colonel Leonard Wood and Lieutenant Theodore Roosevelt, was a cavalry unit of volunteers.

Section 3-24Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Overseas Expansion (cont.) (pages 544545)The Philippines, a Spanish colony, was the site of the first battle of the Spanish-American War. In May 1898, Commodore George Dewey sailed his fleet into Manila, destroyed the Spanish fleet without losing one American ship and blocked Manila until Filipino rebels and American forces captured it in August. In the Caribbean, the Spanish fleet was blockaded. In June American forces including the Rough Riders pushed toward the city of Santiago.

Section 3-25Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Overseas Expansion (cont.) (pages 544545)Fierce fighting led the Americans to victory at El Caney and San Juan Hill. The Spanish surrendered.

Section 3-26Why was expansion overseas necessary for the United States? Imperialism showed Americans the need to expand in order to gain more trade and power. The annexing of Hawaii provided Americans with a sugar-trading industry.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.(pages 476477)Overseas Expansion (cont.) (pages 544545)

Section 3-27Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.Checking for Understanding__ 1.writing which exaggerates sensational, dramatic, and gruesome events to attract readers, named for stories that were popular during the late 1800s; a type of sensational, biased, and often false reporting __ 2.the actions used by one nation to exercise political or economic control over smaller or weaker nations A.muckrakerB.suffragistC.imperialismD.yellow journalismDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.DC

Section 3-28Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.Checking for Understanding__ 3.a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society __ 4.a man or woman who fought for a womans right to vote A.muckrakerB.suffragistC.imperialismD.yellow journalismDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.AB

Section 3-29Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Checking for UnderstandingReviewing Facts Name five groups who were the targets of discrimination in the late 1800s and early 1900s.Catholics, Jews, Asians, African Americans, and Mexican Americans faced discrimination.

Section 3-30Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing ThemesGroups and Institutions Who were suffragists? What right does the Nineteenth Amendment provide?Suffragists were supporters for womens right to vote. The Nineteenth Amendment gave women the right to vote.

Section 3-31Critical ThinkingIdentifying Assumptions Some who favored American expansion believed it was the nations mission to civilize the uncivilized people of the world. What do you think they meant by uncivilized?Possible answer: Uncivilized may have referred to those who did not conform to the American way of life or did not practice an acceptable religion (that is, in the Judeo-Christian tradition).Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 3-32Analyzing VisualsGeography Skills Examine the map on page 542 of your textbook. Why do you think the percentage of states allowing woman suffrage was so much higher in the West than in the East?Possible answer: On the frontier, where women shared the hardships and dangers equally with men, support for woman suffrage was more widespread.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 3-33Expository Writing Find a newspaper article that deals with the role of women today. Rewrite the article to reflect how this information might have been presented in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

End of Section 3

Section 4-1Guide to ReadingClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The United States entered World War I and helped the Allies win. nationalism Main IdeaKey Termspropaganda reparations Prohibition

Section 4-2Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Guide to Reading (cont.)Organizing Information As you read the section, re-create the diagram on page 546 of your textbook and list events that prompted the United States to enter the war. what role the United States played in World War I. Reading StrategyRead to Learnhow the nation changed during the 1920s.

Section 4-3Guide to Reading (cont.)Global Connections The entry of the United States into the war eventually led to Germanys surrender.Section Theme

Section 4-4Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.Jeannette Rankin

Section 4-5Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.World War The world changed with World War I. The United States was unwillingly pulled into the conflict, and the war affected all aspects of American life. (pages 547549)In Europe, nationalism, an intense loyalty to ones country or group, led Great Britain and Germany to race to build the largest navy. European alliances, or defense agreements among nations, were formed to protect European nations.

Section 4-6Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.World War (cont.) (pages 547549)The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, by a Serbian terrorist in 1914 led to a declaration of war on Serbia by Austria-Hungary. Because the alliance system was in place in Europe, a world war began. Russia decided to join Serbia in the war. This resulted in Germany declaring war on Russia and France, since Germany was Austria-Hungarys ally and France was Russias ally. When Germany invaded Belgium, Great Britain declared war on Germany, since Great Britain had vowed to protect Belgium.

Section 4-7Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.World War (cont.) (pages 547549)The Great War erupted in Europe with the Allied Powers (Great Britain, France, and Russia) on one side and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire) on the other side. Later Japan and Italy joined the Allies. The Germans attacked France at the Battle of the Marne, but were stopped by the British and French armies. For three years, the war was fought across trenches until it reached a stalemate.

Section 4-8Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.At the beginning of World War I, President Wilson stated that the United States would remain neutral. World War (cont.) (pages 547549)Propaganda, or information used to influence opinion, was employed by both the Allies and the Central Powers to gain the support of United States citizens. As the United States started to side with the Allies, trade with the Allies soared. Germany used submarines known as U-boats to sink cargo ships headed to Britain in order to stop the United States from helping the Allies.

Section 4-9Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.World War (cont.) (pages 547549)In May 1915, a German U-boat sank the passenger ship Lusitania, killing 1,000 people including 128 Americans. Wilson condemned the attack, prompting Germany to promise to warn neutral ships before attacking. In March 1917 German U-boats attacked three American ships, breaking its promise to the United States. In April President Wilson requested that Congress declare war on Germany.

Section 4-10Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The United States joined the Allies. Congress passed the Selective Service Act, which established a military draft. World War (cont.) (pages 547549)Three million American men were drafted by the end of the war, with another two million volunteering and over 300,000 African Americans joining the military. Russia withdrew from the war after a group of Communists led by Vladimir Lenin overthrew its government. Russia signed a treaty in 1918 ending its war with Germany.

Section 4-11Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.World War (cont.) (pages 547549)After signing the treaty with Russia, Germany began a massive strike in France with the goal of destroying the French and British armies before the United States could fully assemble its force. By the time United States soldiers were assigned to the area north of Paris, the German army was only 50 miles away. Four thousand American soldiers of the First Division fought a battle at Cantigny, winning the first victory ever by Americans fighting in Europe.

Section 4-12Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.World War (cont.) (pages 547549)In June 1918 United States soldiers were to capture Belleau Wood. Americans fought through the forest for two weeks, finally taking Belleau Wood. However, there were thousands of casualties. In July the Americans and French fought the Germans at Chateau-Thierry. They broke Germanys offensive strength and gained the upper hand. More than one-half million United States troops caused the retreat of Germans from Saint Mihiel in September.

Section 4-13Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.World War (cont.) (pages 547549)The German lines crumbled at the battle of Meuse-Argonne in October. This led Germany to ask President Wilson for an agreement to end the fighting, or an armistice. On November 11, 1918, the Great War ended.

Section 4-14Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The Treaty of Versailles in January 1919 was a treaty to end the war. It established the League of Nations, which was an international organization to preserve the peace. Germany was required to make reparations, or payments, for the destruction it caused. The new nations of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Poland were created. World War (cont.) (pages 547549)

Section 4-15Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The United States Senate rejected the treaty, saying that the League of Nations would limit Americas independence. The United States never joined the League of Nations.World War (cont.) (pages 547549)

Section 4-16Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.(pages 478479)What were some of the reasons for the beginning of World War I?The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, nationalism, and the system of alliances in Europe were some reasons for the beginning of World War I.World War (cont.) (pages 547549)

Section 4-17Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The 1920s After the war, Americans entered a time of turmoil as domestic problems from before the war resurfaced. (pages 549550)With the slowing down of the economy came a decline in the number of jobs available. Conflict once again arose between labor and management. Workers wanted to keep or raise the wages paid during the war. When management rejected their demands, the workers went on strike. Many strikes that took place after World War I were violent. Almost 3,600 strikes took place in 1919 involving millions of workers.

Section 4-18Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.The 1920s (cont.) The Red Scare was a movement based on the belief that there was a tie between union activism and radicalism. It began with a general fear of communism. An increased sentiment against immigrants also arose, called nativism. After the war, many immigrants started coming to the United States. These newcomers were seen as a threat to many United States citizens who felt their jobs and security were at risk.(pages 549550)

Section 4-19Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.During the 1920s, a total ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol, called Prohibition, began. Organized crime increased from the illegal making and selling of alcohol as a result of Prohibition. The Twenty-first Amendment repealed Prohibition in 1933.The 1920s (cont.) (pages 549550)

Section 4-20Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.With a booming economy after the war, many products were available to Americans. Telephones, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, and canned goods were some of the popular products of the 1920s. The automobile was a product of the 1920s that caused the greatest impact. The making of automobiles provided jobs for millions of workers and promoted highway construction and travel.The 1920s (cont.) (pages 549550)

Section 4-21Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.How did the automobile cause a revolution in American society? Since Americans had more recreation time, they bought automobiles. The buying habits of Americans changed to making installment payments in order to buy automobiles. Highway construction and travel made the United States more accessible to people.The 1920s (cont.) (pages 549550)

Section 4-22Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.Checking for Understanding__ 1.loyalty to a nation and promotion of its interests above all others __ 2.payment by the losing country in a war to the winner for the damages caused by the war__ 3.ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion A.nationalismB.propagandaC.reparationsDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.ACB

Section 4-23Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Checking for UnderstandingReviewing Facts What did the Selective Service Act do?It established a military draft.

Section 4-24Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing ThemesGlobal Connections What was the Treaty of Versailles? Why did the U.S. Senate reject it?The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty ending the war. It established the League of Nations to preserve world peace; opponents argued it would limit Americas independence.

Section 4-25Critical ThinkingAnalyzing Information Why did the United States experience an economic boom in the early 1920s?Popular appliances were produced, and the new automobile industry stimulated other industries that supported it.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 4-26Analyzing VisualsGeography Skills Examine the map showing European borders following World War I on page 549 of your textbook. Which of the following was not a new nationPoland, Latvia, or Bulgaria?Bulgaria was not a new nation.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 4-27Descriptive Writing Make a list of three to five adjectives that you think describe the mood of the nation during World War I. Draw or paint these adjectives on poster board in a way that expresses the words meanings.

End of Section 4

Chapter Summary 1

Chapter Summary 2

End of Chapter Summary

Chapter Assessment 1Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.Checking for Understanding__ 1.ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion __ 2.an area of public lands set aside for Native Americans__ 3.the actions used by one nation to exercise political or economic control over smaller or weaker nations__ 4.extending across a continent__ 5.loyalty to a nation and promotion of its interests above all others A.transcontinentalB.reservationC.collective bargainingD.suffragistE.imperialismF.nationalismG.propagandaH.ProhibitionDefine Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.G B E AF

Chapter Assessment 2Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.Checking for Understanding__ 6.discussion between an employer and union representatives of workers over wages, hours, and working conditions __ 7.the nationwide ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor in the United States that went into effect when the Eighteenth Amendment was ratified in 1920 __ 8.a man or woman who fought for a womans right to vote Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.CA.transcontinentalB.reservationC.collective bargainingD.suffragistE.imperialismF.nationalismG.propagandaH.ProhibitionHD

Chapter Assessment 3Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing Key FactsWhy does a corporation sell shares of its business?Corporations sell shares to raise money to buy equipment and hire workers.

Chapter Assessment 4Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing Key FactsWhy did Booker T. Washington start the Tuskegee Institute?The Tuskegee Institute was started to provide African Americans with technical skills to help them escape poverty.

Chapter Assessment 5Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing Key FactsWhere was the Spanish-American War fought?It was fought in the Philippines and the Caribbean.

Chapter Assessment 6Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing Key FactsWhen did the United States enter World War I?The United States entered World War I in April 1917.

Chapter Assessment 7Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Reviewing Key FactsWhat amendment to the Constitution granted women the right to vote?The Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote.

Chapter Assessment 8Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Critical ThinkingMaking Inferences Another name for the Populist Party was the Peoples Party. Why do you think the Populists considered themselves to be a party of the people?Possible answer: The Populists promoted the needs of people over the needs of private business and government, and called for reforms to improve peoples lives.

Chapter Assessment 9Critical ThinkingDrawing Conclusions Why do you think the right to vote was important to women?Without the vote, women had little influence over the laws that were made and the people who were elected.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Chapter Assessment 10Geography and History ActivityStudy the thematic map below and answer the questions on the following slides.

Chapter Assessment 11Geography and History ActivityWhat geographic region is shown?The American Southwest is shown.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Chapter Assessment 12Geography and History ActivityIn what part of Texas were most of the large cattle ranches located?Most were located in the northern part near New Mexico Territory and Indian Territory (the Panhandle).Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Chapter Assessment 13Geography and History ActivityWhat did the towns where the trails ended have in common? Why was this important?They were near rail lines. This simplified transportation.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Chapter Assessment 14Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question.Test-Taking Tip The important words in this question are open grasslands. Banking and manufacturing do not need open grasslands, so you can easily eliminate answers A and B.People in the late 1800s took advantage of the open grasslands of the West to develop which of these industries?ABankingBManufacturingCRanchingDMiningClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Standardized Test Practice

Chapter Assessment 15By what nickname were the members of the American forces known? They were known as doughboys. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

End of Chapter Assessment

History OnlineExplore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter.Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to The American Republic to 1877 Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://tarvol1.glencoe.com

You Dont Say 1Dogie At roundup time there were usually some motherless calves, who were called dough-guts, which later became dogie. Because the calves were prematurely weaned, their stomachs could not digest grass and swelled as a result.

You Dont Say 4Stalemate The term stalemate comes from the game of chess. It describes a situation in which one player cannot make any move without putting his or her king in a position to be captured (and, as a result, losing the game). It is an apt term for the draw that took place along the Western Front during World War I.

Did You Know 1 For generations the nomadic peoples of the Plains had only dogs to haul their possessions as they traveled from one hunting area to another. Then in the 1600s, horseseither traded or stolen from Spanish settlers in the Southwestchanged the Plains peoples way of life. By the mid-1700s, almost every Plains group rode on horseback.

Did You Know 2Electric LightImmigrant LaborClick on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

Did You Know 2aOn October 21, 1929, the 50-year anniversary of the invention of the electric light, Henry Ford moved Edisons original lab in Menlo Park to Greenfield Village, a large museum site in Dearborn, Michigan. Then 82, Edison recreated his original experiment that resulted in the invention of the first electric light.

Did You Know 2bFewer than 10 percent of immigrants to America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries had trades or specific work skills. These immigrants provided much of the physical labor that built America. One immigrant upon arriving in America wrote, the streets were not paved with gold;the streets were not paved at all; [immigrant workers] were expected to pave them.

Did You Know 3The National Park System is one of the best symbols of Theodore Roosevelts conservation philosophy. The National Park System includes approximately 83.6 million acres of land. The largest area is Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in Alaska at 13,200,000 acres, or 16.3 percent of the entire system. The smallest unit in the system is Thaddeus Kosciusko National Memorial in Pennsylvania at 0.02 of an acre.

WWWW? 1Native American Schools Schools off the reservation were an important part of the federal governments efforts to assimilate Native Americans into white society in the late 1800s. Many Native American parents were reluctant to send their children away from home. One mother of a 10-year- old girl insisted that she be allowed to accompany her daughter to school. Education, the mother explained, would make the child regard her mother as a savage. In the end, the woman was allowed to be with her daughter.

Curriculum Connection 2Health By 1830 about 1,000 ships carried cotton from the United States to England annually. Merchants tried to find cargo to fill the empty ships returning to the United States and stumbled on an unusual cargo of people. These ships were unsanitary and poorly ventilated and were a breeding ground for diseases such as trachoma and malignant typhus, dubbed ship fever.

WWWW? 2The Wright BrothersThomas EdisonClick on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

WWWW? 2aThe Wright Brothers The flight of the Wright brothers in 1903 marked the beginning of modern aviation. History was made in 1909 when the U.S. military purchased a Wright-designed airplane for $30,000 which became the worlds first military plane. Soon after, the Wright brothers began their first manufacturing firm, the Wright Company, in Dayton, Ohio. Firms such as the Wright Company and others were able to produce 15,000 planes by the end of World War I.

WWWW? 2bThomas Edison Thomas Edison, the youngest of seven children, was born in Milan, Ohio. Edisons first financially successful invention was an improved stock ticker designed to send the price of gold to investors. The later improved ticker netted Edison $40,000, an astounding amount for the sale of a patent at the time. The money allowed Edison to open his first workshop in Newark, New Jersey.

WWWW? 3Jacob RiisWestern WomenClick on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

WWWW? 3aJacob Riis Theodore Roosevelt called Jacob Riis the best American I ever knew. In his book How the Other Half Lives, Riis wrote passionately of the squalid living conditions, the lack of ventilation and light, and the poor sanitation experienced by the tenant dwellers on New Yorks Lower East Side. His muckraking articles brought about such changes as a window for each apartment, a stairway airshaft for each tenant building, and limits on the number of families occupying the available apartments.

WWWW? 3bWestern Women In addition to being allowed to own ranches and farms, Western women were the first to win the right to vote. The first seven states to grant woman suffrage were in the West, beginning with Wyoming in 1869. At that time, however, women could only vote in local elections. It was not until 1890 that women in Wyoming had equal suffrage and could also vote on state and national issues.

Curriculum Connection 1ScienceTechnologyClick on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

Curriculum Connection 1aScience Many prospectors mistook pyrite, fools gold, for the real thing. Cautious miners could perform simple experiments to test the malleability, durability, tarnish resistance, and density that identified gold. Gold does not break when it is hammered, and gold placed on a shovel and thrust into a campfire will not melt. Heat and acid will not affect gold.

Curriculum Connection 1bTechnology The first public railroad in the world opened in Great Britain in 1825 and ran for 20 miles (32 km). The first public railroad in the United States began operating in 1830. Known as the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, it ran on 13 miles (21 km) of track in Maryland. The first transcontinental line was finished in 1869. Railroads remained the nations chief form of long-distance transportation until passenger airplanes took over in the late twentieth century.

SkillBuilder 1Building a DatabaseWhy Learn This Skill?This feature can be found on page 551 of your textbook. Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.Have you ever collected baseball cards or cataloged the CDs in your collection? Have you ever kept a list of the names and addresses of your friends and relatives? If you have collected information and kept some sort of list or file, then you have created a database.

SkillBuilder 2Building a DatabaseLearning the SkillAn electronic database is a collection of facts that are stored in files on the computer. The information is organized in fields.This feature can be found on page 551 of your textbook.

SkillBuilder 3Building a DatabaseLearning the SkillA database can be organized and reorganized in any way that is useful to you. By using a database management system (DBMS)special software developed for record keepingyou can easily add, delete, change, or update information. You give commands to the computer telling it what to do with the information, and it follows your commands. When you want to retrieve information, the computer searches through the files, finds the information, and displays it on the screen. This feature can be found on page 551 of your textbook.

SkillBuilder 4Building a DatabasePracticing the SkillTheodore Roosevelt is one of the presidents discussed in this chapter. Follow these steps to build a database of the political and cultural events that took place during his presidency. 1.Find information about the events during this period from encyclopedias, histories, and the Internet. Determine what facts you want to include in your database. 2.Follow instructions in the DBMS you are using to set up fields. Then enter each item of data into its assigned field.This feature can be found on page 551 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

SkillBuilder 5Building a DatabaseThis feature can be found on page 551 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Practicing the SkillTheodore Roosevelt is one of the presidents discussed in this chapter. Follow these steps to build a database of the political and cultural events that took place during his presidency. 3.Determine how you want to organize the facts in the databasechronologically by the date of the event, or alphabetically by the name of the event. 4.Follow the instructions in your computer program to place the information in order of importance.

SkillBuilder 6Building a DatabasePracticing the SkillTheodore Roosevelt is one of the presidents discussed in this chapter. Follow these steps to build a database of the political and cultural events that took place during his presidency. 5.Check that the information in your database is all correct. If necessary, add, delete, or change information or fields.This feature can be found on page 551 of your textbook.

Video 1ObjectivesThe Builders of Our RailroadsClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click in the window above to view a preview of The American Republic to 1877 video.After viewing The Builders of Our Railroads, you should: Know that a combination of dedicated laborers and risk-taking capitalists made the Transcontinental Railroad possible. Recognize that the U.S. government played a key role in financing the project. Understand that completion of the railroad helped to unify our country.

Video 2Discussion QuestionWho were some of the railroad barons?Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.Among them were Huntington, Durant, Vanderbilt, Pullman, and Carnegie.The Builders of Our Railroads

Video 3Why are the railroad barons sometimes called robber barons?Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.They were known for their vision, but also for their ruthless business practicesincluding buying the votes they needed on Capitol Hill.Discussion QuestionThe Builders of Our Railroads

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Why It Matters Transparency

Daily Focus Skills 1Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.There was no wasteevery part of the bison was used.

Daily Focus Skills 2Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.The cartoon is making a statement about Rockefellers power and control through Standard Oil.

Daily Focus Skills 3Answers will vary, but you should use the illustration of the factories to help you make your prediction.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Daily Focus Skills 4Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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