TABLE OF CONTENTS

LOG STAFF 3 A LETTER FROM UTAH 4 FACULTY AND STAFF 6 INTERVIEWS 14 GINKGOGALA 15 . BANQUETS

1993 16 1992* 18

SUMMERJOBS 20 SUMMER CAMPS

1992 FORESTRY CAMP 26 1992 FISHERY CAMP 27 1991 FORESTRY CAMP* 28

DEER CHECK 30 CLUBS

FNR STUDENT COUNCIL 32 XI SIGMA PI 33 RECREATION AND PARKS ASSOC. 34 FOREST PRODUCTS SOCIETY 35 THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY 36 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS 37

1992 MIDWESTERN FORESTERS' CONCLAVE 38 STUDENTS

SENIORS 43 JUNIORS 52 SOPHOMORES 58 FRESHMEN 64 GRADUATESTUDENTS 68

LABORATORIES 7 4 ACTION PHOTOS 78 ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT 84 ALUMNI NEWS 98 ADVERTISEMEN 1 00

*NO 1992 LOG WAS PUBLISHED.

'I

A Letter from Utah . . .

"There is nothing except change."

permanent --Heraclitus

The past year has been one of significant change for me and my family. As a result of a low-key but consistent 8-year effort and a significant amount of good fortune, Pat and I were able to realize a long-term dream and move west.

The opportunity arose when a position came available in the Department of Biology at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. It was just right! Assume the duties of Coordinator of Academic Advising for 1,000 biology majors, develop an undergraduate program in environmental science, teach wildlife and environmental science courses, and endure the continual prospect of having mountains, deserts, spectacular parks, trout­choked rivers and great skiing all within a 30-minute drive.

We decided to go for it. We sold our homestead in the Indiana countryside, packed up 20 years worth of "stuff," and moved to a small apartment in Salt Lake City in December 1992. The cramped quarters are bearable inasmuch as we know they are temporary. There is a modest mountain home on the drawing board.

I am riding a city bus 72 blocks to work. This gives me a chance to practice the mass transit ideology I've been preaching for so long. The university provides free bus passes. I've read 11 books so far.

I like the department; there are a lot of nice folks here. Working conditions are somewhat more casual and laid-back, but the science and "real work" are fairly intense. Students here are a bit different, especially in biology. It's strange to be working with young people who are more responsible, serious and mature than I am.

4

This has been a exciting and challenging time for us, and we're beginning to get our bearings. Salt Lake City is a cosmopolitan place with lots of bookstores, cafes with live acoustic music, health food stores, and many cultural and arts events. It's been fun exploring the urban landscape. And then, a little farther out, we've learned of places where black bears, cougars, moose, elk, bighorn sheep, mountain goats, and mule deer roam in the mountains and rangelands close to town. I don't have to go too far since mule deer frequent campus, and moose and elk have moved down into the city edges during this past winter of deep snow in the high country. There IS a strong environmental minority movement, and there are even some radical wilderness proponents advocating reintroduction of the gray wolf.

Always underlying the excite­ment and adventure of this novel situation are the fond memories and reassurances of past experience. Among these are the many deep and lasting friendships established during the past 17 years at Purdue. I treasure knowing each of you. Please know that you are in my thoughts. I am especially grateful for several thousand friendly and forgiving students who taught me nearly everything that I know.

I wish you all the best in all that you do.

Walk lightly. Share. Occasionally do something

that "doesn't compute." Follow you heart.

Fred Montague

by Melissa Haney

Dr. Paul DuBowy

Dr. Paul DuBowy, Professor of Vertebrate Zoology and Ornithology, was chosen this past summer to participate in the National Academy Sciences/Russia Academy Sciences Summer Program in Biodiversity. This is a joint program between the United States and Russia. Ten Americans and ten Russians participated. Most of the people who were chosen for the program are scientists and/or college professors. The major focus of the program is in conservation biology. This past summer, the Russians came to the United States and spent three weeks in California with the Americans. During this time, they talked about such subjects as the effects of timber industry and urbanization on biodiversity, and the spotted owl issue. Next summer, the program is planning to do the same kind of thing. Only this time, they will have the Americans go over to Russia, or possibly Siberia.

Besides teaching Vertebrate Zoology and Ornithology and conducting wetlands research, Dr. DuBowy also has some extra-curricular activities. These include being the faculty advisor to both the Purdue Chapter of The Wildlife Society and the Purdue Ice Hockey Club.

Dr. Andy Gillespie

Dr. Gillespie teaches the subjects of silviculture and tropical silviculture. He has also done research in North Carolina and Indiana. He is presently trying to get research in Minnesota on the effects of silviculture as seen from space. He would also like to do research on the possible implications for tropical forest management.

Another area where Dr. Gillespie is trying to develop research is in Latin America. He is currently studying Spanish along with other Professors for this project. Some of his extra-curricular activities include collecting antique forestry tools, logging postcards, and photos. He also enjoys visiting antique shops in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Some of the interesting places he has been to are the Eastern United States Forestry schools in New York and New Hampshire. He also has stated that all students are welcome to come and talk to him about areas such as tree productivity and physiology, canopies, and photosynthesis.

Jayson R. Waterman (Graduate Student)

I was thrilled when Dr. Bill Chaney told me about AG 490 (Forestry, art, & agriculture of Germany, Austria, & Czechoslovakia). After several weeks of classes during March and April, 1992, we were all ready to go. The Forestry Department was represented by Dr. Chaney, Dr. Holt, Julie Uzuanis, Diana Fleig, Jennifer Conkle, and myself. We were immersed in many aspects of scholarly European culture--art, classical music, Gothic and Baroque architecture. However, we also found time to learn about the fine art of making wine and beer. The best part of the trip was hiking in the Black Forest. Europeans take great pride in their forests, and it shows. Talking with the local foresters, we learned that not only were they experiencing many of the same problems that we were, but that they were using the same tools to deal with them. We talked about GIS, forest recreation, regeneration, allowable' cut, and deer damage, just to name a few. They do manage their woodlands much more intensivily than we Americans do. They have to, after all, because they don't have the land base that we're blessed with. All in all, we learned that Gifford Pinchot really transferred not only the methods of German forestry to America, but its essence as well.

14

1993 SPRING BANQUET

XI SIGMA PI OUTSTANDING SOPHOMORE

SAF OUTSTANDING SENIOR

OUTSTANDING CAMPER AWARD

RAFFERTY AWARD

BURTON F. SWAIN AWARDS Sophomore Junior Senior

COULTER LEADERSHIP AWARD

BRUNDAGE SCHOLARSHIP AWARD

Cariann Faris

Joy Lukenbach

Dean Remington

Sam Smallidge

David Scott John Parslow Betsy Schenk

Sara Marfia

Adam Downing

OUTSTANDING STUDENTS IN THE DEPARTMENT AWARDS FRESHMAN Wendy Young

Cariann Faris Chris Webster Betsy Schenk

DURWARD ALLEN WRITING AWARD

OUTSTANDING TEACHER AWARD

OUTSTANDING ADVISOR AWARD

16

SOPHOMORE JUNIOR SENIOR

Deanna Lotter

Dr. Rob Swihart

Sara Bass

1992 SPRING BANQUET

XI SIGMA PI OUTSTANDING SOPHOMORE

SAF OUTSTANDING SENIOR

INDIANA ARBORIST- PAUL RAMSEY AWARD

OUTSTANDING CAMPER AWARD

RAFFERTY AWARD

BURTON F. SWAIN AWARDS Sophomore Junior Senior

COULTER LEADERSHIP AWARD

BRUNDAGE SCHOLARSHIP AWARD

IHLA FORESTRY AWARDS

JOHN F. NORMAN AWARD

Chris Webster

Chuck Leppert

Stephanie Foster

Carl Vogelwede

Chuck Leppert

John Parslow Betsy Schenck Jayson Waterman

Mark Sheldahl

Jayson Waterman

Aaron Holman Neal Singco

Matt Nicoson

OUTSTANDING STUDENTS IN THE DEPARTMENT AWARDS FRESHMAN David Scott SOPHOMORE JUNIOR SENIOR

Chris Webster Sara Marfia Jayson Waterman

BOONE & CROCKETT OUTSTANDING WILDLIFE SENIOR Jennifer Conkle

DURWARD ALLEN WRITING AWARD Jenna Stauffer

OUTSTANDING TEACHER AWARD Dr. Walt Beineke

OUTSTANDING ADVISOR AWARD Dr. Andy Gillespie

CHASES. OSBORNE AWARD Emily Kress

18

SF171 's, state applications, employment centers, and lots of phone calls paid off for several students in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources. During the past summer some students in the Department were lucky enough to spend the summer working at jobs related to their major. The following is only a small sampling on how students spent their summer.

Following a suggestion given to me by Dr. DuBowy, I applied to the M. 0. F. E. P. (Missouri-Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project) Internship Program. M. 0. F. E. P. is a ten year project studying the effects of different logging methods on the populations of Neotropical migrant birds in the Missouri Ozarks. Our job was to spot-map, mist-net and band these birds as well as census active nests. I also did a personal project involving scent station surveys on coyotes and other furbearers and comparing their populations in logged and non-logged areas. Although it was hot, tiring work, I received valuable field experience, good pay, and had a wonderful time.

David Dillman (Senior) Wildlife Science

Walking, Counting, Driving ... Walking, Counting, Driving. My summer job! Does it sound boring? It wasn't. That's the sound of an urban forest survey. Working for Purdue University through a grant from the DNR, I surveyed 20 cities ranging in various sizes. My goal was to sample these cities in terms of the number of trees, species, condition and planting spaces available. I had the chance to meet some interesting people along the way such as local environmentalists, reporters, mayors, and curious homeowners. Probably the best part of the job was finding possible Indiana state champion trees such as slippery elm, chinkapin oak and American chestnut. It was a tremendous thrill to come upon a giant tree.

Rita McKenzie Graduate Student

This past summer, I was lucky to spend my time at the Dolphin Research Center in Grassy Key, Florida. I was accepted as the first mammal staff intern. With that position, my responsibilities grew from merely following around trainers and handlers asking questions, spending late nights and early mornings giving dolphins needed medications, helping with medical exams, giving seminars and tours, and working with some training behaviors. The most enjoyable part of the summer was working as part of the southern-most part of the south eastern stranding network, where I had close contact with species of whales, dolphins, and manatees. Upon graduation in May, I plan on returning to DRC to work full time.

20

Deb Cartwright (Senior) Wildlife Science

This past summer I worked at West Boggs Park in Loogootee, Indiana. I was in charge of maintenance and mowing crews. I was hired by Bob Smolick, an alumnus from Purdue. It was a good summer considering I could make my own hours and had free camping available.

Chad Neukam (Senior) Forest Recreation

This past summer I worked as a seasonal naturalist at Corkscrew Swamp Wildlife Sanctuary in Naples, Florida. It holds the largest nesting colony of wood storks and has the largest strip of old growth bald cypress forest left in the world. I guided interpretive tours along a 2 mile boardwalk and conducted field work including exotic plant control and habitat management. It was 15 miles from the beach and I had a blast!

Leigh Fiedler (Senior) Wildlife Science

My summer job involved working for Indiana's Lake County Parks and Recreation Department as part of a two-man natural areas crew. I helped control exotic plant species and cut down many trees in an attempt to preserve the area's original successional stage. We worked directly with the DNR to devise a plan for long term conservation and management of numerous parks and preserves in Lake County.

Mike Polomchak (Senior) Wildlife Science

I spent 28 weeks beginning last January as a wildlife co-op student on the Francis Marion National Forest in McClellanville, South Carolina. Most of my work centered on monitoring, mapping, and nest cavity construction among 210 red-cockaded woodpecker colonies. I also did some prescribed burning in longleaf pine stands.

Mike Keys Wildlife Science

I have spent 3 summers working for Weyerhaeuser Company's 400,000 acre St. Helens Tree Farm. The first summer consisted of working for the district forester, learning how to do field work such as regeneration surveys, commercial thinning auditing, permanent plot taking, and planting. The next summer I worked with the district foresters and with the inventory forestry office which keeps track of what is actually on the tree farm. Work consisted of mapping, remote sensing, and computer work. This past summer I continued on with both offices, working on stand delineation, setting up a bear damage database and set up a soil rehabilitation program. The profession of forestry is what I want to be involved with due to the experience of these 3 summers. I have also fallen in love with the mountains, trees, ocean, and yes, even the rain of the Pacific Northwest.

Mark Sheldahl (Senior) Forest Management

During this past summer I worked as a volunteer for the Indiana DNA in Fort Wayne. The DNA was releasing peregrine falcons as part of an ongoing project that is attempting to reintroduce these birds to Indiana and the Midwest. I was chiefly a spotter which encompassed watching the birds from the street and recording their actions; flying, preening, sleeping, etc.

Greg Dahle (Sophomore) Wildlife Management

During the summers of 1990, '91, and '92, I have worked for the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Reservoir Division, at Salamonia Reservoir near Hunington, IN. My paid position has been on the mowing crew. I spent each summer living in a truck camper in the the primitive campground. My morning wake-up alarm was the sound of Canada geese flying down the lake shore. This last summer I also held a volunteer position at the Salamonia Nature Center. My duties at the center included: greeting visitors, upkeep of the animals and other exhibits in the Nature Center, office responsibilities including computer work, and some interpretive programming. As a volunteer, I was allowed to choose which responsibilities I wanted to accept. Therefore, I was able to learn many of the aspects of an interpreter's work. I enjoyed developing new exhibits, especially for the children's room, and introducing visitors to the wildlife at the Center was especially rewarding.

Teresa Bowman (Senior) Forest Recreation

I was able tQ work in the midst of BIG trees this past summer. I worked with two graduate students under Dr. Parker (Marty Spetich and Wayne Werne) on the old-growth project. We worked in 3 different woods throughout Indiana taking measurements on the trees and taking soil and forest litter samples at each plot. It was exciting to see the last remnants of Indiana's old-growth forests.

Adam Downing (Senior) Forest Management

During this past summer I served as a volunteer for the U.S. Forest Service on the Yampa Ranger District in Yampa, Colorado. I worked on many projects including a Goshawk survey, a breeding bird survey, and a trout habitat improvement project. I was also able to gain some fire fighting experience on a fire that occurred on the district. I gained valuable field experience and was able to enjoy some awesome scenery.

22

Darin Geiger (Senior) Wildlife Management

1991 FORESTRY SUMMER CAMP

MY MOST MEMORABLE MOMENT AT SUMMER CAMP WAS ...

... baptizing people in the water coolers as we drove around in the vans during industry week.

-Dan Shaver

... when following an azimuth that should have crossed a little stream turned out to cross a reservoir 50 feet wide and 20 feet deep. Oops!. Time for Brian to get a new map for the two mile compass course.

-Carla Pfeiffer

... canoes, lots of 12i.g rocks and, singing camp songs with Joy and Jody.

-Betsy Shenk

... when Rich put Mitch's hat on top of the flagpole. -Dave Pyle

... my one week endeavor with a crew of Matt Shell, Neal Singco, and myself. Need I say more?

-Carl Volglewede

. . . the day a bunch of us missed dinner because we had spent the afternoon and evening digging Aaron and my four wheel drives out of the mud after a day of boggin'. I even had a tree growing out of my blazer thanks to Neal.

-Paul Muething

... watching D.L. project vomit on the floor as I tried to sleep next to him.

-X

... fearing the lives of all those crazy students shooting down the falls at Burned Dam!

-Dr. Andy Gillespie

... waking up to the sound of YAAAAK very close to my bed. -Eric Sampson

.. . when Jody and I took a canoe out on the lake and built a fire in the canoe. We than paddled around the lake looking at the stars, northern lights, and freaking people out.

-Chad Neukam

... walking the two mile transect for the king strip survey and finding that the "little stream" near the end was a lake, and so I decided to swim it, leaches and all! Thanks Mickey!

-Sara Martia

showing everyone the practical art of nasal cavity flossing.

-Adam Downing

... waking up to Matt Shell singing "Rock you like a hurricane" by the Scorpians. Scary stuff!!

-Aaron Holsapple

. .. the day that Rich, Brad, Dan and myself baptized Joy, Jody, Laura, and Betsy in the back of the little blue van. Joy's nose will never be as clean as it was that day .

-Jonathon Raines

... the educational adventure of the Sportsman's Rendevous on a weekly basis .

-Matt Shell

... helping Andy Gellespie face his fear of snakes. -Chuck Leppert

... watching Carl and Adam lead ''the charge" to the water after a day in the field.

-Prof. Brian Miller

.. . hooking a 28" northern and having my 9 year old son hook a 26" northern ten seconds later. Yes, we landed both without a net.

-Dr. Bill Hoover

... making friends arrd becorning part of a group. -Chris Shanley

28

The adrenals should be right...

We don't do this in Parktucky.

"Where's PETA when you need them?"

Is that a deer between your legs or are you just happy to have your picture taken? 30

FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCES STUDENT COUNCIL by Neal E. Singco

The Forestry and Natural Resources Student Council is comprised of students who advise the Department Head of Forestry and Natural Resources about collective student problems and concerns, coordinating activities among student organizations and enhancing the academic environment of departmental students. Bi-weekly meetings provide correspondence with the Department Head and strengthens the ties between students and faculty.

The diverse group of ambitious young professionals has two main activities each year; the Christmas Tree Sales and Spring Banquet. Christmas tree sales are a channel for student organizations and FNRSC to increase monetary holdings. It also gives students the opportunity to practice their marketing skills and improve public perception of the forestry profession. This year's sale was a great success, selling over 100 trees along with wreathes, mistletoe, and recycled gift wrap and cards.

Spring Banquet is held annually to honor students and faculty for outstanding academic accomplishments. In order to increase student attendance, the banquet is now hosted by the council. Last years banquet, "Porker In Da Woods," was a hog roast held under the big top at Martell Forest. Attracting over 150 students and faculty, it was a hog of a success. This years banquet will hope to equal or better last years attendance with "Porker In Da Woods, The Next Day!".

The FNRSC officer positions are: President, Neal E. Singco, Vice-President, Deb Cartwright, and Secretary/Treasurer, Irene Crawford. Voting members include the President and a Council Representative from each of the six clubs within the department.

Tomorrow's leaders in Forestry and Natural Resources are today's Purdue students. With an amiable atmosphere, one can accomplish anything!

Top row: Adam Downing, Sam Smallidge, Aaron Holman, Neal Singco, Jon Raines, Deb Cartwright, Greg Dahle, Irene Crawford, Jennifer Boyle, Dr. LeMaster

Bottom row: Caryl Schwaller, Janel Palla, Elizabeth Schenk, Joy Lukenbach

32

RECREATION AND PARK ASSOCIATION by Caryl Schwaller

The Purdue Recreation and Park Association is open to all students. It is a diverse club, with members coming from a variety of majors. The club hosts different activities throughout the year. This past fall, we sponsored a canoe trip down the Scenic Wildcat Creek. Although some were a little colder and wetter by the end, we all made it home safely. Volunteers from PAPA helped lead tours for the Halloween Haunt at Happy Hollow Park in West Lafayette. Other fall activities were the Euchre Tournament, the fund-raiser "Styles On Video", and assistance with the Christmas card sales and the Christmas tree sales. Spring semester, PAPA will be hosting its first Camp Day. Also planned on the agenda is another Euchre Tournament and a weekend camping trip. The club's advisor is Douglas Knudson.

1992-1993 Officers

President: Caryl Schwaller Vice-President: Joy Lukenbach

Secretary: Wendy Battaglia Treasurer: Chad Neukam

Representative: Janel Palla

Left to Right: Dr. Doug Knudson, Chris Skelding, Chad Neukam, Janel Palla, April Dunne, Caryl Schwaller, Karen Farkas

34

THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY by Carl Voglewede

The Wildlife Society, founded in 1937, is an international nonprofit, scientific, and educational organization dedicated to the wise management and conservation of the wildlife resources of the world.

The principle objectives of the Society are: to develop and promote sound stewardship of wildlife resources and of the environments upon which wildlife and humans depend; to undertake an active role in preventing human induced environmental degradation; to increase awareness and appreciation of wildlife values; and to seek the highest standards in all activities of the wildlife profession.

Wildlife Society members have many things in common, including the desire to better understand the world about them. The fun of this achievement can be obtained through the Purdue Chapter's many activities and educational events. Each member is offered opportunities to develop and demonstrate his or her abilities to help ensure sound wildlife conservation and management, as well as other benefits to the society. The society offers thought provoking guest speakers, programs to aid wildlife and wildlife education, or simply a chance to get away from it all with friends in an outdoor setting. The Purdue Student Chapter of the Wildlife Society has so much to offer its members and with the bright new minds and dreams, you have so much to offer in return.

1992-1993 Officers

President: Carl A. Voglewede Vice-President: Deanna M. Lotter

Secretary-Treasurer: Natalie G. Inskeep Advisor: Paul J. DuBowy

36

1 ATES Rob Anderson Darin Geiger Jody Marsteller Eric Sampson 1801 King Eider Dr 3399 South 700 West Box 156 2931 E Northwood Ave West Lafayette, IN 47906 Anderson, IN 46011 Russellville, IN 46175 Terre Haute, IN 47805

Terry Blume Alan Hatch Betsy McGregor Elizabeth Shenk 142 Prophet Dr 621 South 32nd St 591 Foch Blvd 145 Woodhaven Ln West Lafayette, IN 47906 Terre Haute, IN 47803 Williston Park, NY 11596 Troy, OH 45373

Susan Boring Elizabeth Hesse Barbara Milankow Caryl Schwaller R 4 Box 252 452 Pendleton Hill Rd 7151 Oak Point Circle 976 North Van Buren St New Palestine, IN 46163 North Stonington, Ct 6 359 Noblesville, IN 46060 Monroe, IN 46772

Kris Bowman Beth Hippensteel Chad Neukam Colleen Shanahan 1619 Country Club Rd 11409 East Central Ct 8283 N 400 E 938 North Harrison St Crawfordsville, IN 47933 Carmel, IN 46032 Dubois, IN 47527 Rushville, IN 46173

Teresa Bowman Aaron Holman Laura O'Neal Christine Shanley RR 4 Box 239A 201 Chelsea Ln 3144 Wedgewood Ct 4623 Marrison PI Logansport, IN 47- Brighton, IL 62012 Columbus, IN 47203 Indianapolis, IN 46226

Jennifer Boyle Aaron Holsapple Janel Palla Mark Sheldahl 14718 South Major Ave RR1 2857 S State Rd 2 1932 North Spencer Av Oak Forest, IL 60452 Blockton, lA 50836 Valparaiso, IN 46383 Indianapolis, IN 46218

Debrorah Cartwright Kallie Kilmer Carla Pfeiffer Matt Shell 7807 Aboite Center Rd 3519 Bent Oak Trail RR1 Box 317B RR 22 Box 309D Fort Wayne, IN 46804 Elkart, IN 46517 Lynn, IN 47355 Terre Haute, IN 47802

Heather Collie John Koloszar Michael Polomachak Neal Singco 20 Hopi Ct 18688 Welworth Av 3476 W Lake Shore Dr 1513 Bruner Dr Lafayette, IN 47905 South Bend, IN 46637 Crown Point, IN 46307 Greenfield, IN 46140

Irene Crawford Sarah Lindeman Dave Pyle Ryan Slack 3044 Abbott Rd 2301 Florida Dr 3843 N County Rd 975 E 2854 East St Rd 38 Brookville, IN 47012 Fort Wayne, IN 46805 Seymour, IN 47274 New Castle, IN 47362

David Dillman Michelle Loney Jonathan Raines Sam Smallidge 220 Morst Street 91 05 Blue Ash Ct 875 West 236 St 916 South 21st St Markle, IN 46770 Fort Wayne, IN 46804 Sheridan, IN 46069 Lafayette, IN 47905

Adam Downing Joy Lukenbach Daniel Richardt Kim Tracy 3712 Selkirk-Bush Rd 890 Starkey Rd 744 West Sunset Dr RR1 Box 48 Warren, OH 44481 Zionsville, IN 46077 Huntingburg, IN 46542 Gosport, IN 47433

Leigh Fiedler Sara Marfia Michael Rice David Whitehouse 608 Winthrop Dr 4144 N Moody 805 South 19 St 406 Lancassange Dr Crawfordsville, IN 47933 Chicago, IL 60634 Lafayette, IN 47905 Jeffersonville, IN 47130

Jay Gallo Mitch Marsolf Bradley Rody Anna Zipparro 10221 Upper Mt Vernon RR4 2128 West SR 25 783 Millers Rd Evansville, IN 47712 Rockville, IN 47872 Lafayette, IN 47905 Des Plaines, IL 60016

Rita McKenzie, Kelley Saylors Melody Hartman, Karen Gaines

Baa Zhaozhen, Oscar Gamboa

Sudha Vasan, Sigit Pramono

Joel Evans, Norm Helie

Katie Weakland, Dave Osborne Ricardo Paim

70

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states

Preface

Ecosystem management can be defined as:

Treating a forest as an integrated community of living organisms in evaluating, making, and implementing decisions for its protection and use.

Other definitions have been written, and they vary considerably, indicating that the concept is evolving. This may be troublesome to some, but it is also apparent the traditional paradigm of forest management is no longer satisfactory, at least when public lands are involved.

Indeed, the chief of the Forest Service directed adoption of an ecological approach to multiple-use mangement for the national forests and grasslands on June 4, 1992. Today, ecosystem management is the expressed policy of the Forest Service for management of the national forests and grasslands.

What is ecosystem management? What are its metes and bounds? How will it affect forestry training and practice?

What follows are two interesting articles on ecosystem management written by knowledgeable authors for presentations at other recent meetings. They generously gave permission for their publication in The Log, for which we are thankful.

The first is "Perspective on Ecosystem Management" by Hal Salwasser, who has held several responsible positions in the Forest Service, most recently, director of New Perspectives (now called Ecosystem Management). In 1992, Or. Salwasser was appointed Boone & Crockett Professor in the School of Forestry at the University of Montana. In his article, he makes a very important point about the "desired set of conditions" in forest ecosystem management, that is, they must be within the bounds of ecological viability, economic feasibility, and social desirability. In other words,

People must participate in shaping what a desired future condition is for any particular ecosystem. This means that social goals, value systems, and technical and economic capability get added to biological and physical capability as determining factors of desired future conditions.

Hence, if Dr. Salwasser's perspective is to apply, human kind should be among the living organisms in the definition of ecosystem management offered at the outset.

The article by Bill Ticknor is equally stimulating. It begins with a "broad outline of the new science of forestry" and ends by "comparing and contrasting the forester of the present with the forester of the future." Mr. Ticknor writes with a vigorous style and offers an unusual perspective: that of a former corporate officer of a Fortune 500 paper company, namely Mead Coporation. He currently has his own forestry consulting firm located in Orient, Ohio.

Read them. I think you will enjoy them.

D.C.L.

84

definition of sustainability that acknowledges people as integral parts and processes of ecosystems.

You might even think of ecosystem sustainability like the fire triangle of fuel, oxygen, and heat. If you take any one side of the ecosystem triangle away you cannot sustain desired conditions. Failures to sustain desired ecosystem conditions can occur due to any combination of ecological, economic, or social factors. In a general sense, the keys to sustainability in this broad view of ecosystems, regardless of the desired conditions for communities, economies, and environments, lie in the diversity, resilience, and productivity of desired conditions within all three spheres. Not necessarily maximum diversity, but at least a diversity that adequately provides for adaptability of the systems to change and stress. These are not new ideas. But they are not prevalent in our traditional reductionist approaches to education, science, and resource management.

Desired Future Condition

Desired future condition (DFC) is an important tool in ecosystem management. It may even be the most important tool because, if it is formed correctly, it will identify the conditions on the land, of the various resources, and of the human communities and economies that are to be achieved and sustained. DFCs cannot violate basic ecological capabilities of ecosystems any more than they can call for economic resources that are unavailable or invoke practices that are socially unacceptable. But within such general limits, DFCs are not inherent to any ecosystem. Any they are not uniquely definable by any scientific exercise. Inside the area defined by our overlapping spheres, or the triangle if you prefer, the selection of desired future conditions is a matter of collective choice by the "owners" of the ecosystems in question or those responsible for their stewardship.

If the ecosystems in question happen to be privately held, then the choice of a desired future condition is determined by overriding laws and regulations combined with the goals and financial capabilities of the landowner(s). If they are publicly held lands and waters, then the choices must be determined through a democratic decision-making process such as occurs in national forest and national park planning. The essential point here is that people must participate in shaping what a desired future condition is for any particular ecosystem. This means that social goals, value systems, and technical and economic capability get added to biological and physical capability as determining factors of desired future conditions. This point should not be lost on scientists who develop models for aiding in decisions regarding ecosystem management.

There is a simple, though difficult, process for arriving at a desired future condition for an ecosystem, whether the ecosystem in question is a pond, a watershed, or a continent. The process is fairly well accepted, beginning with an inventory of current conditions and an assessment of how current conditions got that way, which is basically understanding the environmental and cultural history of the place. It entails an analysis of what is possible: biologically, economically, and logistically. At this point reasonable alternatives for the future course of an ecosystem may emerge. These alternatives would reflect different options for policy or investment. As for determining the desired course toward a future condition, even if the choice is to maintain the existing condition, the people responsible for taking the risks and gaining the benefits of a selected choice must be involved: the landowners, in the case of private lands; the public, in the case of public lands. This part of the process relies on existing laws, regulations, goals, aspirations, and concerns for guidance.

Because many resource managers are trained in agricultural schools, this writer included, there is a strong tendency to focus on the flows of outputs from the systems we manage and their relationship to our inputs. In an ecosystem perspective, states, i.e., conditions of ecosystems, are as important as flows of materials and resources, i.e., yields. _In fact, the states may be more important in planning ecosystem management because they define the operating space within which we can obtain sustainable yields of desired outputs.

An ecosystem perspective marks a refinement in how we think about our work, not an overthrowing of all the accomplishments that have been made in forestry and resources management. Ecosystem thinking is not merely the sum of all the best reductionist knowledge available. Ecosystem perspectives are more interdisciplinary and integrated than most of us are used to. But they still require disciplinary knowledge and expertise. A fundamental change in natural resource sciences and education is underway to account for this (see National Research Council 1991 ). As an aside, however, I think the policy and management framework for ecosystem perspectives in forestry is currently about a decade or more ahead of the scientific framework. This is because the resource sciences have been slow in adjusting to the new, broader perspectives in forestry about the multiple benefits demanded by people in our society.

Some old tools and theories on how to manage and conserve lands and resources may not be very useful when the focus is on ecosystems rather than just their parts. We need to open our minds to the possibility that perfecting old thinking might not be a solution for ecosystem approaches to sustainable forestry. Examples of perfecting old thinking might include better deterministic models for preservation of single species or populations of wildlife as opposed to conservation of the dynamic diversity of life; force-fitting theories and models developed for islands in oceanic systems to dynamic terrestrial systems such as island biogeography to contiguous wildlands; refining the constant coefficients in models such as FORPLAN when probabilities are what is needed; and using spatially fixed land-use designations to accomplish ends that are dynamic in time and space, such as congressionally mandated reserves for old-growth forest ecosystems, habitats for species conservation, or scenery that will move around over time whether we like it or not.

What Managers Need From Scientists

Managers need help from scientists to improve their capability for ecosystem management. One of the most significant needs, mentioned earlier, is identification of measurable indicators for desired ecosystem conditions. These indicators must address different spatial and temporal scales as well as the spectrum of environmental, economic, and social conditions desired of future ecosystems. To be clear on this point, the indicators cannot be only economic or only biological or only social factors. They must be a reasonable combination of all these elements.

Managers also need practical tools for relating likely responses of the indicators to one another and to management inputs. For example, how will an economic indicator, say net regional economic activity, respond to the conditions of an environmental indicator, say water quality standards, and how will both respond to specific actions for protecting or enhancing watershed ecosystems in some measurable way?

Managers also need help in learning how to communicate ecosystem management concepts, options, and benefits to the public. Given a society raised on sound-bites and headlines, this could be a most difficult task.

Greber, B.J. and K. N. Johnson. 1991. What's all the debate about overcutting? Journal of Forestry. Vol. 89(11 )25-30.

Kimmins, H. 1992. Balancing act: environmental issues in forestry. UBC Press, Vancouver, B.C.

National Research Council. 1990. Forestry research: a mandate for change. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

Ecosystem Sustainabitity

Ecological Viability

Ecosystem Management

FIG.1

Each Ecosystem Is Part of a Larger Ecosystem -­ ~Continents ~ A Sense of Place Can Be at any Scale

FIG.3

PI t ri- Regions

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Ranches

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FIG.2

commodity production, I invite you to see an earlier paper I wrote and presented at the 1992 national convention of the Society of American Foresters.

Assuming the new elements of resource management that I and others have enumerated do become central concerns of the profession, what will it take to practice forestry in the future? What skills and abilities will the successful forester bring to the task of resource management?

If our vision of forest management is at all accurate, a picture of the composite forester can be created by extrapolating from the practice of forestry, as we have redefined it, to the practitioner.

For example, if we really believe that species and ecosystem preservation will become an integral part of a forester's normal responsibility, it follows that she or he must be adept at recognizing unusual plants and animals and biotic communities. A critical aspect of this skill will be the ability to identify elements of the biota which are at risk so as to prevent actions which might be destructive. Many forest management actions that are appropriate under normal circumstances may result in undesirable, irreversible consequences in certain special situations. Site preparation is one example.

Certainly, it would be unrealistic to expect foresters to be qualified to prescribe treatment for all of the plant and animal species and communities they encounter, any more than we would expect every physician to be able to perform open-heart surgery. But like a good family doctor, who understands when the services of a specialist are needed, the capable forester will be able to identify situations which require special care.

I am surprised and disappointed by how few practicing foresters are aware of the species and habitat types which are at risk in the areas in which they work. One of the canons of the newly adopted professional ethics of the Society of American Foresters states: "A member will advocate and practice land management consistent with ecologically sound principles." I would infer from this statement that foresters have an obligation to know the vulnerabilities of the ecosystems with which they work.

By both training and experience, then, the forester/land manager of the future will be thoroughly attuned to the ecological components of the region in which he or she works.

Students of biodiversity have led the way in helping us see the forest from a new perspective. For forest managers, the spatial context is expanding from individual stands and forest ownerships to larger geographic areas, landscapes if you will, which include a number of phenomena which lack definition in the spatial constraints of traditional management units. These landscape-scale concerns include, for example, the size, shape and arrangement of stands and forest condition-classes.

The future forester will think in terms of connectivity and fragmentation, islands and interior forest, edge-effect minimization and eco-tones.

The change in geographic scale is accompanied by an increase in complexity and the number of variables that must be dealt with. A holistic, systems view will be essential if this complexity is to be dealt with successfully. Peter Senge of MIT observed:

The forester/communicator will facilitate dialogue and understanding among communities of interest in public and private forest land. No one is better equipped than a professional to guide discussion toward constructive solutions to knotty problems. One of the best places for this kind of facilitation to occur, a place where most foresters are at their best, is in the woods. When I'm involved in a difficult discussion about forestry with non-foresters. I try to insist that we gather in the woods for at least part of the dialogue.

Last summer I spent a week with a group of philosophers discussing the future of the Adirondack Park.

One of the participants was from an organization called Preserve Appalachian Wilderness. He had a very pejorative view of me and the industry I have served for 35 years. As we talked, and as I heard him espouse and explain his views to others, I became more and more agitated and frustrated. Speaking in the vacuum of theory and hypothesis, there seemed to be no basis for agreement about anything.

Then, I had a mini-brainstorm. I suggested that he and I spend part of a morning walking through the adjoining woods. As we walked, I would described what I saw, and he could do likewise. We would then compare notes to see how divergent our views really were.

The walk was an unmitigated success. When I described an unhealthy stand of mature balsam, and my rationale for cutting it, surrounded by dozens of trees which had already succumbed to windthrow, there was no argument. When he saw the sad shape of many mature hardwoods in the overstory, he agreed that some should be removed. I agreed that some hillside sites and some wet spots should be left untouched. And so it went. We both came out of the experience encouraged.

The forester/communicator will continue to explain forest management to the community, but she will also interpret to landowners what the community is saying. He will suggest ways obligations to the community can be met which minimally erode the owner's rights in the property.

The forester/communicator will, finally, be comfortable with an open decision style, with sharing the elements of a decision, and letting individuals and groups share power in determining how to reach a final decision.

Let me turn now briefly and lastly, to the forester's role in managing the aesthetic dimension of our forest resources; how the forest looks and feels and speaks. I'll assume, again, that we agree that it is a legitimate public concern.

I visited my brother at his summer place in the Adirondacks last year. He was in the process of adding a new building to the cluster of cabins on his property, and we talked about the problems associated with obtaining a building permit. He had obtained the permit only after he agreed to build the addition in a place and in a manner which would make it invisible from a nearby highway. It was a pain in the neck and an encroachment on his private property rights, but, he agreed, in the long run it was the right thing to do.

Likewise, in the long run, it will be incumbent upon us, as professionals, to make the active practice of forestry unobtrusive, indeed, where possible, to make it invisible. And it will

• The forester of the present places primacy on understanding and serving the interests and objectives of the owner of the land for which he has a management responsibility. The forester of the future will serve three masters; the owners; the public, present, and future, which is to say, the human community; and the forest itself, the forest community. For those to whom this may be a jarring concept let me point out a predicate for this kind of mixed loyalty; the pilot of the plane I regularly fly to and from Columbus, Ohio. He works for USAir and for me, and he is passionate in his concern for the well-being of his aircraft. We see no serious conflict of interest therein.

• The forester of the present is a teacher, a person skilled at explaining the whys and wherefore of forestry to a variety of constituencies. The forester of the future will be an interpreter, who understands the legitimate wants and needs of people and the capabilities and constraints of the ecosystems he manages. His communications will facilitate the achievement of balance between human wants and needs, and the capabilities and limitations of the natural systems upon which they depend.

• The forester of the present is a pragmatist; the forester of the future will blend poetry with his pragmatism.

• The forester of the present is a professional analyst; a statistician, a diagnostician, a technician. The forester of the future will be a synthesist; a collaborative architect of excellence in both form and function; a creative visionary who can see the potential for greatness in resource management practiced with imagination, sensitivity, humility and humor.

Other than that, it will be a dull job.

Sculpted from clay, Fired by the breath of God.

Drinking of water that becomes In him a spring welling up to eternal

Reflecting the One who calls you

Congratulations!

~/e vii sh for you Good in abundance

Beyond your dreams.

Dad Mom Blaine

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