Systems Engineering Process: System & Data Analysis

System & Data Analysis

Preliminary Investigation

Requirements Gathering

Operations & Support

Scale & Scope

System & Data Analysis

• Review Current Systems & Standards

• Identify High Level Info/Data Involved

• Define Expected Data Flows

– What, When, Where, HowDesign & Development

Global Deployment & Change Management

Topic Agenda

• System Analysis & Requirements Checklist

• Data Flow Diagramming

• System Analysis & Requirements Checklist

System Analysis Addresses

• What Information Needs to be Fed to the System?

• What Information Will the System Generate/Produce?

• What Performance Metrics Must the System Satisfy?

• What Controls & Monitoring Will the System Need?

• What System Administration & Maintenance Needed?

Common System Performance Metrics

• Support x concurrent users on processes y & z

• Response time for most complex task <= x seconds

• Scalable: adjust & support future volumes/transactions

• Highly available (up 7x24)?

• Disaster (catastrophic) & operational (1-2 servers) recovery?

• Event management monitoring and alert mechanism

• Ease of global (or regional) roll-out & configuration requirements

Viewed Another Way..

OnlineData

Maintenance

OnlineData

Import/Export

BatchData Import

Operational RecoveryWhat is the Frequency & Definition of What Gets Backed Up & Where?If a Server Goes Down, What’s the Recovery Process & User Awareness?

Data ValidationDo Additions or Changes to Data Meet Validity Criteria?

Disaster RecoveryWhat is the Frequency & Definition of What Gets Backed Up & Where?If a Disaster Occurs, What’s the Recovery Process & User Notification?

Includes:• Synchronizing/Updating with Module(s) That Own Data

Application AttributesSecurity/Accessibility & Integration with External Authentication/UI StandardsEase of Internationalization as Application is Rolled Out for Worldwide Use

Solution Technical Architecture & Environment DefinitionsWhat Servers w/Sizing & What Software/Applications on Each Server?What are Development, Integration, QA, and Production Environments?

Monitoring/VerificationDid Events Complete When Expected?

Were all Messages/Information Transferred Completely?

Leads to High Availability

Common System Controls

• Authentication & Authorization

– Who Has Can Enter?

– Who Can Only View & What Can They View?

– Who Can View & Edit & What Can be Edited?

• Audit Trail Capability & Management

• Approval Workflow Support

• Error Log File w/Error Type, Description, Date/Time Stamp

System Administration & Maintenance

• Block Usage

• Maintain Users

• System Management

– Maintain System Profile (I.e., host names)

– Housekeeping

• Indicate how many days of log files

• Access audit reports

• Manually rerun interfaces

Topic Agenda

• System Analysis & Requirements Checklist

• Data Flow Diagramming• Data Flow Diagramming

Data Flow Diagram

• Shows how data moves through information system

• Does not show program logic or processing steps

• Logical model that shows what system does

• Does not show how the system does it

Let’s Consider An Apparel Example

7456784564329

(Real Sport Size 4)

8674532157432

(Eton Size 18)

745678456429

(Real Sport Size 6)

Knit Short

Sleeve Polo

WhiteBlue

Skirts

Knit Short

Sleeve Crew

Skirts Tops SlacksSlacksTops

Career Casual

Women’sDivision

Sub-Division

Lot/Style

Class/Category

Line/Color

SKU/Item

DFD For Fashion Ordering

ActivityDefinedProcess

Decision StoredData

Key Report/Document

User WebActivity

Initial Purchase OrderHeader: Supplier, Total Cost,In-Store Date, SubdivisionLine Item(s): Aggregate Qty,Subdivision/Category/Class/..

AssortmentPlanning

ProductProfiling

Buyer Worklist:Manual Approval &Creation of InitialPurchase Order

Purchase Order Sent toSupplier & Possibly DCAssortment Plan Suggested

Orders at a Level Higher than SKU& Reflecting an Aggregated Need

Allocation

Allocation Review:Order Review &Generation of

Allocation

SKU Specific InitialPurchase Order w/

Schedule

1

Full Purchase Order Sent toSupplier&/or DC

5

43

6

2a

Timeframe: 3-12 Month Before Requested Delivery Date

Order Mgt

Order Mgt

Timeframe: 2-12 Weeks Before Scheduled Delivery Date

LoadBuilding

2b

Full Purchase OrderHeader: Supplier, Total Cost, In-Store Date, SubdivisionLine Item(s): Aggregate Qty, Subdivision/Category/Class/..Allocation Instructions: Ship-To, Cross-Dock Facility (ifapplicable), SKU, Ship-To QuantityDelivery Instructions: Ship-To, Cross-Dock Facility (ifApplicable), Order ID, Line Item, Allocation ID(if Applicable),SKU, Quantity, Wgt, Cube Volume, Pallets, etc.Note: Each Line Item could have multiple DeliveryInstructions & each Delivery Instruction could span multiple(and different types of) orders and order line items.

Black Box of Order Management

Order Management

Pending Approval

Acknowledged

Submitted

Approval Denied

Approved

ASN Received

Received

Basic Order States

Supplier Initiated Change Request

Pending Approval

Approved

Accepted, Pending Approval

Accepted

Rejected

Partially Received

Change Mgt Order States

Approval Denied

Acknowledged

Buyer Initiated Change Request

Approved

Pending Approval

Submitted

Approval Denied

Acknowledged

Closed

Draft

Cancelled

Another DFD: Push Allocation Ordering

Allocation

Worklist: ManualApproval & Creationof Distribution Order

Transfer OrderSent to WMS

Allocation PlanSuggested Orders atItem, Ship From DC,

Ship-To Level

1

3

Order Mgt

ExecutionOrders Only

ExecutionOrders Only

InventoryVisibility

Full Distribution OrderHeader: DC, Total Cost, In-Store Date, SubdivisionLine Item(s): Ship-To Qty, SKU, Ship-ToDelivery Instructions: Ship-To, Order ID, LineItem, SKU, Quantity, Wgt, Cube Volume, Pallets,etc.Note: Each Line Item could have multiple DeliveryInstructions & each Delivery Instruction could spanmultiple orders and order line items

2a

2b

Example of Merging DFD with Process Flow..

Pricing

P O

1

1

0

P O

SO

SO

SO

2a

2a

2b

2a & 2b are dependent upon when order is due8a & 8b are dependent upon the WMS & TMS

1

1

0

3Schedule Delivery

4

ASN

5

ASN

ASN2a

2a

2b

3Load Tender4Tender Confirm7 Load Confirm

8 ASN Sent9b BOL Generated

1 Inventory Check2 Scheduled Ship Date

5 Carrier Arrives & Order Loaded6 Signal: Load Confrimation to TMS

9a BOL Generated

WMS TMS

6

Retailer or 3PLWMS at DC

Vendor WMS at Factoryor

Vendor or 3PL WMS at DC

Vendor or 3PLTransportation System

Vendor SCM Systems

Retailer Financial SystemØ Contracts & PricingØ Accounts Payable

Retailer Procurement System

Vendor Order Promising & Management System

Ø Links to Catalog & Item Maintenance, Can Carry ListØ Links to Transport Adjust if NeededØ Order ManagementØ Sales Order GenerationØ Available/Capable-to-Promise

Vendor FinancialSystem

Ø Contracts & PricingØ Accounts Receivable

Ø Links to Catalog & Item Maintenance, Can Carry ListØ Promotion, Markdown, Demand, Assortment, Replenish PlanningØ Purchase Order Management w/links to Transport Adjust if Needed

3

4

5

7Goods Shipped

8aBOL

9

Receipt

8b

BOL

6

7

7

8a

9 10

Invoice

11 Matched Invoice & PO12

Pay Vendor

8b

7