Systems Engineering Process: System & Data Analysis
System & Data Analysis
Preliminary Investigation
Requirements Gathering
Operations & Support
Scale & Scope
System & Data Analysis
• Review Current Systems & Standards
• Identify High Level Info/Data Involved
• Define Expected Data Flows
– What, When, Where, HowDesign & Development
Global Deployment & Change Management
Topic Agenda
• System Analysis & Requirements Checklist
• Data Flow Diagramming
• System Analysis & Requirements Checklist
System Analysis Addresses
• What Information Needs to be Fed to the System?
• What Information Will the System Generate/Produce?
• What Performance Metrics Must the System Satisfy?
• What Controls & Monitoring Will the System Need?
• What System Administration & Maintenance Needed?
Common System Performance Metrics
• Support x concurrent users on processes y & z
• Response time for most complex task <= x seconds
• Scalable: adjust & support future volumes/transactions
• Highly available (up 7x24)?
• Disaster (catastrophic) & operational (1-2 servers) recovery?
• Event management monitoring and alert mechanism
• Ease of global (or regional) roll-out & configuration requirements
Viewed Another Way..
OnlineData
Maintenance
OnlineData
Import/Export
BatchData Import
Operational RecoveryWhat is the Frequency & Definition of What Gets Backed Up & Where?If a Server Goes Down, What’s the Recovery Process & User Awareness?
Data ValidationDo Additions or Changes to Data Meet Validity Criteria?
Disaster RecoveryWhat is the Frequency & Definition of What Gets Backed Up & Where?If a Disaster Occurs, What’s the Recovery Process & User Notification?
Includes:• Synchronizing/Updating with Module(s) That Own Data
Application AttributesSecurity/Accessibility & Integration with External Authentication/UI StandardsEase of Internationalization as Application is Rolled Out for Worldwide Use
Solution Technical Architecture & Environment DefinitionsWhat Servers w/Sizing & What Software/Applications on Each Server?What are Development, Integration, QA, and Production Environments?
Monitoring/VerificationDid Events Complete When Expected?
Were all Messages/Information Transferred Completely?
Leads to High Availability
Common System Controls
• Authentication & Authorization
– Who Has Can Enter?
– Who Can Only View & What Can They View?
– Who Can View & Edit & What Can be Edited?
• Audit Trail Capability & Management
• Approval Workflow Support
• Error Log File w/Error Type, Description, Date/Time Stamp
System Administration & Maintenance
• Block Usage
• Maintain Users
• System Management
– Maintain System Profile (I.e., host names)
– Housekeeping
• Indicate how many days of log files
• Access audit reports
• Manually rerun interfaces
Topic Agenda
• System Analysis & Requirements Checklist
• Data Flow Diagramming• Data Flow Diagramming
Data Flow Diagram
• Shows how data moves through information system
• Does not show program logic or processing steps
• Logical model that shows what system does
• Does not show how the system does it
Let’s Consider An Apparel Example
7456784564329
(Real Sport Size 4)
8674532157432
(Eton Size 18)
745678456429
(Real Sport Size 6)
Knit Short
Sleeve Polo
WhiteBlue
Skirts
Knit Short
Sleeve Crew
Skirts Tops SlacksSlacksTops
Career Casual
Women’sDivision
Sub-Division
Lot/Style
Class/Category
Line/Color
SKU/Item
DFD For Fashion Ordering
ActivityDefinedProcess
Decision StoredData
Key Report/Document
User WebActivity
Initial Purchase OrderHeader: Supplier, Total Cost,In-Store Date, SubdivisionLine Item(s): Aggregate Qty,Subdivision/Category/Class/..
AssortmentPlanning
ProductProfiling
Buyer Worklist:Manual Approval &Creation of InitialPurchase Order
Purchase Order Sent toSupplier & Possibly DCAssortment Plan Suggested
Orders at a Level Higher than SKU& Reflecting an Aggregated Need
Allocation
Allocation Review:Order Review &Generation of
Allocation
SKU Specific InitialPurchase Order w/
Schedule
1
Full Purchase Order Sent toSupplier&/or DC
5
43
6
2a
Timeframe: 3-12 Month Before Requested Delivery Date
Order Mgt
Order Mgt
Timeframe: 2-12 Weeks Before Scheduled Delivery Date
LoadBuilding
2b
Full Purchase OrderHeader: Supplier, Total Cost, In-Store Date, SubdivisionLine Item(s): Aggregate Qty, Subdivision/Category/Class/..Allocation Instructions: Ship-To, Cross-Dock Facility (ifapplicable), SKU, Ship-To QuantityDelivery Instructions: Ship-To, Cross-Dock Facility (ifApplicable), Order ID, Line Item, Allocation ID(if Applicable),SKU, Quantity, Wgt, Cube Volume, Pallets, etc.Note: Each Line Item could have multiple DeliveryInstructions & each Delivery Instruction could span multiple(and different types of) orders and order line items.
Black Box of Order Management
Order Management
Pending Approval
Acknowledged
Submitted
Approval Denied
Approved
ASN Received
Received
Basic Order States
Supplier Initiated Change Request
Pending Approval
Approved
Accepted, Pending Approval
Accepted
Rejected
Partially Received
Change Mgt Order States
Approval Denied
Acknowledged
Buyer Initiated Change Request
Approved
Pending Approval
Submitted
Approval Denied
Acknowledged
Closed
Draft
Cancelled
Another DFD: Push Allocation Ordering
Allocation
Worklist: ManualApproval & Creationof Distribution Order
Transfer OrderSent to WMS
Allocation PlanSuggested Orders atItem, Ship From DC,
Ship-To Level
1
3
Order Mgt
ExecutionOrders Only
ExecutionOrders Only
InventoryVisibility
Full Distribution OrderHeader: DC, Total Cost, In-Store Date, SubdivisionLine Item(s): Ship-To Qty, SKU, Ship-ToDelivery Instructions: Ship-To, Order ID, LineItem, SKU, Quantity, Wgt, Cube Volume, Pallets,etc.Note: Each Line Item could have multiple DeliveryInstructions & each Delivery Instruction could spanmultiple orders and order line items
2a
2b
Example of Merging DFD with Process Flow..
Pricing
P O
1
1
0
P O
SO
SO
SO
2a
2a
2b
2a & 2b are dependent upon when order is due8a & 8b are dependent upon the WMS & TMS
1
1
0
3Schedule Delivery
4
ASN
5
ASN
ASN2a
2a
2b
3Load Tender4Tender Confirm7 Load Confirm
8 ASN Sent9b BOL Generated
1 Inventory Check2 Scheduled Ship Date
5 Carrier Arrives & Order Loaded6 Signal: Load Confrimation to TMS
9a BOL Generated
WMS TMS
6
Retailer or 3PLWMS at DC
Vendor WMS at Factoryor
Vendor or 3PL WMS at DC
Vendor or 3PLTransportation System
Vendor SCM Systems
Retailer Financial SystemØ Contracts & PricingØ Accounts Payable
Retailer Procurement System
Vendor Order Promising & Management System
Ø Links to Catalog & Item Maintenance, Can Carry ListØ Links to Transport Adjust if NeededØ Order ManagementØ Sales Order GenerationØ Available/Capable-to-Promise
Vendor FinancialSystem
Ø Contracts & PricingØ Accounts Receivable
Ø Links to Catalog & Item Maintenance, Can Carry ListØ Promotion, Markdown, Demand, Assortment, Replenish PlanningØ Purchase Order Management w/links to Transport Adjust if Needed
3
4
5
7Goods Shipped
8aBOL
9
Receipt
8b
BOL
6
7
7
8a
9 10
Invoice
11 Matched Invoice & PO12
Pay Vendor
8b
7