System of Water Accounting in the Guadalquivir River Basin

UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA. JULIO BERBELK.O MEETING OF THE 2013 HALTING DESERTIFICATION IN EUROPE PILOT

PROJECTS BRUSSELS 5 FEB.2014

Systems of water accounting in the Guadalquivir River Basin SIWAG No. 2013/13 Partners:

Universidad de Córdoba EVREN (Evaluacion de recursos naturales)

Period: 12 months 1/feb/2014 to 30/jan/2015

K.O internal meeting : 27/01/2014 UCO/EVREN/ Confederación Hª Guadalquivir (Sevilla) Agreement

To cooperate throught the project To integrate results in Hydrological Plan (revision due for

2015)

Guadalquivir: general

Area, population, economy

Est 2012 Croacia GuadalquivirArea (km2) 56.542 57.527Population 4.290.612 4.343.323

per capita GDP (eur) 13.413 16.739

The basin

5

The basin has a Mediterranean climate with a heterogeneous precipitation distribution. The annual average temperature is 16.8C,

AtlanticO cean

DoñanaNational P ark

Sevil

la

Cord

oba Ja

enG

rana

da

Guadalquivir river basin The Guadalquivir River is the longest river in

southern Spain (around 650 km) Population of 4,107,598 inhabitants

Main cities are: Seville, Cordoba, Granada Covers an area of 57,527 km2

Main land uses are: Forestry: 49.1% agriculture : 47.2% urban areas: 1.9% Wetlands: 1.8%

Irrigation 850.00 ha (25% land, 70% value)

Rain in a Mediterranean river (Guadalquivir)

5

1942

-43

1945

-46

1948

-49

1951

-52

1954

-55

1957

-58

1960

-61

1963

-64

1966

-67

1969

-70

1972

-73

1975

-76

1978

-79

1981

-82

1984

-85

1987

-88

1990

-91

1993

-94

1996

-97

1999

-00

2002

-03

2005

-06

2008

-09

2011

-12

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

573mm

* 13 en sequia

1953

-54

1958

-59

1963

-64

1968

-69

1973

-74

1978

-79

1983

-84

1988

-89

1993

-94

1998

-99

2003

-04

2008

-09

200

400

600

800

Moving average 12 year

Annual precipitation averages at 573 mm (range between 260 mm and 983 mm )

Dry years Guadalquivir

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

0

1

79-8

3

90-9

5

04-0

9

Drought (>3 years)

Desde 1977 10 años (29%) precedidos por uno o mas años secos

Libro Blanco del Agua, most severe drought in 200 years are:

• Oct.1941 a sept.1945,• Oct.1979 a sept.1983 • Oct.1990 a sept.1995

In XXI century from Oct 2005 to sept 2008.

1942-2012, years below 15% of average

Period of rain in models (Guadalquivir)

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66500

550

600

650

700

750

800

Average rain Guadalquivir (period from 2011)

L/m

2

Lag (years)

L/m2

8 54216 59969 572

Guadalquivir river basin figures Average renewable resources

7,043 (arithmetic mean) and 5,078 GL/year (median), Minimum 372 GL/year, Maximum of 15,180 GL/year

65 dams storage capacity 8,500 GL

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

Guadalquivir dams storage capacity (GL)

Guadalquivir river average monthly flow

oct nov dec jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

average20052009

m3

per

sec

Origin of water

Origin of water (GL, 2005)

Irrigation

Urban+Industry

Total

Regulated rivers 2,165.5 358.9 2,524.4Non regulated rivers 347.0 0.0 347.0Groundwater 830.0 136.8 966.8Recycled 30.0 0.0 30.0Total 3,372.5 495.7 3,868.2

Source: CHG f(2010)

65%

9%

25%

1%

Unregulated river

5.000

15.000

25.000

35.000

45.000

55.000

Water for irrigation

Th.

m3/y

Average water served is 67%of water rights

Use of water by sectors

Water used (2009, GL/y)

Surface water

Ground water Recycled Total use

(GL/y)1) Urban, total 358,6 120,9 0,0 479,5 1.1) Urban/domestic 251,0 84,6 335,6 1.2) Urban/Business 107,6 36,3 143,82) Irrigation 2.131,5 1.164,7 33,3 3.329,53) Industry 55,7 11,1 66,74) Energy (consumptive) 19,8 19,85) Others (tourism) 3,8 3,8Total water used 2.569,4 1.296,7 33,3 3.899,36) Hydropower 135,2 135,2Total uses 2.704,6 1.296,7 33,3 4.034,6

Economic analysis (preliminary)

Guadalquivir main economic data

(*) Based on INE, preliminar data. Do not quote

Difficult conversion from Administrative economic data to River basin, we should solve this issue.

GDP (106 euro *) % GDP

Water use (GL ) % use

Agriculture 2.755 5% 3.414 86%Industry 6.167 10% 61 2%

Services/HH 48.634 82% 437 11%Energy 1.926 3% 37 1%Total 59.482 100% 3.949 100%

Industrial sectorsSector GDP (106€*)

Food& beverages 1.498Textil 223Wood & paper 396Chemistry 1.728Metals 891Transport , Machin & other 1.428Total 6.167

(*) Based on INE, preliminar data. Do not quote

24%

28%

23%

Energy consumptive use of water

2007 30,9 hm3

2027 92,1 hm3

1% total

2% total

18

Guadalquivir: agriculture

Agricultural systems

20

Irrigation to increase production and profit New crops are available Higher yields of crops irrigated versus rain fed

Irrigation to reduce risk More stable production (yields stabilized) More crops available (risk diversification)

Irrigation as solution

Move water from:• Winter to summer• Wet to dry years• Mountains to valleys• Less to highly productive areas

O N D E F M A M J J A S O N0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

ETP

Rain

Guadalquvir Monthly rain and ETP (mm)

Irrigation increase

1904 1911 1918 1925 1932 1939 1946 1953 1960 1967 1974 1981 1988 1995 2002 2009 2016 20230

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900Riego Guadalquivir

Mil h

a

I.R. (2008): 850.000 ha

PHC 1992: 443.024 ha

Larg

e irr

igati

on sc

hem

es

Oliv

e22

Crop change (irrigated)

23

Supply (reservoirs) and demand (area)

1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900Reservoir volume and irrigated area

capacidad embalse

superficie riego

103 h

a /

104 h

m3

Source: Arguelles et al 2012

Reduction in average dose (m3/ha)

Gross water use Abril/Oct. (2011, own estimation).

-41%

Date Area (ha) Increase (ha) m3/ha Increase m3/ha Use (hm3) Increase hm3

1992 (PHC) 443.024 -- 6.485 -- 2.874 --

2004 (ETI) 801.157 81% 4.350 -33% 3.485 21%2008 (P.H) 845.000 92% 3.720 -43% 3.162 10%

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

110

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

Average irrigation (m3/ha)

2.482

3.720

6.091

Proposed WA analysis

Deficit irrigation

26

Crop Area 2007 (ha)

Dosism3/ha

NeedsMax (m3/ha) RIS

Olive 471.090 2.281 3.678 0,62Cotton 55.000 6.048 8.632 0,70Cereals 55.850 1.500 4.049 0,37Vegetables 46.804 6.104 5.918 1,03Maize 44.974 6.621 8.882 0,75Fruits 21.992 5.386 3.879 1,39Cítrus 20.038 5.501 4.888 1,13Sugar beet 20.036 3.730 6.732 0,55Sunflower 18.033 1.500 4.853 0,31Rice 36.978 14.000 13.196 1,06Total 849.243 3.141 4.194 0,72

Guadalquivir others

Instruments for cost recovery

Presa Guadalmellat

o

Comunidad de Regantes

Guadalmellato

Comunero

Cultivo

EMACSA

Organismos Públicos

IndustriaUsuarios domésticos

57,8 cents/m374,8 cents/m352,8 cents/m3

26,4 cents/m3

SANEAMIENTO

1,7 cents/m3

5,0 cents/m3

1,2 cents/m3

DOMINIO PUBLICO HIDRAULICO

1,3 cents/m32,1 cents/m3

33,0 cents/m326,4 cents/m3

TOTAL8 cents/m3

TOTAL1,02 euro/m3

Canon y TUA

Water price

Canon CCAA

Canon vertidos

Derrama

Canon CCAA

Expenditure for water services

Organism Regulated water

Groundwater

Urban distributi

on

Urban sanitatio

n

Sanitation self

Irrigation

distribTotal

Confederacion Hidrografica 30,39    1,34 0,19   31,92

Others 0,00   0,00 0,00  3,07  3,,07

Total national 30,39   0,00 1,34 0,19 3,07 34,99

Auntonumous Goverm.             0,00

Utilities   9,86 68,12 47,44     125,42

Irrigators   148,79       238,11 386,90Industriy self supply   0,90     29,94   30,85

Total 30,39 159,56 68,12 48,78 30,13 241,18 578,16

Million euro (illustration, do not quote)

Price increase

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.60

Price of urban water

Price sanitation

Price supply

eu

ro p

er

m3

Source, INE, data in constant price 2010 reference

77%23%

62%38%

Reduction in urban use

Average domestic use (L/p/day)Año Sevilla Andalucia Spain1991 176 190 1802000 140 183 1682006 132 176 1602009 125 143 145

Source: (1) Sevilla-Emasesa, Salgueiro, R, ; Andalucía,Spain, INE

Cost increase, reduction in dosis

32

Surface waterGroundwate

r

Impact of irrigation modernizationYear 1999-2002 2009-2012 Increase

Irrigated area (ha) 36,040 33,132 - 8%Water rights (m3ha-1) 8,000 6,000 - 25%Water use (m3ha-1) 6,526 5,159 - 21%

ETc 8,259 8,405 + 2%Effective Rain (m3ha-1) 1,556 2,372 + 52%

Irrigation needs (m3ha-1) 6,703 6,033 - 10%Relative Irrigation Supply 0.97 0.86 - 12%

Water costs (euro ha-1) 249 278 + 11%Water costs (euro m-3) €0.038 €0.053 + 41%

% Energy costs 25% 43% + 77%

Crops

Cotton (26%) Maize (24%) Sugarbeet

(18%) Citrus (9%) Vegetables (4%) Other

(9%)

Citrus (23%) Cotton (22%), Maize (16%)

Sugarbeet (8%) Vegetables (5%) Other

(14%)

Citrus (+13%) Cotton (-4%) Maize (-8%) Sugarbeet (-10%) Vegetables

(+1%) Other (+5%)

Berbel et al (unpublished) Analysis of studies on the rebound effect of water saving measures

Concluding remarks

Use of WAfor cost recovery analysis

These figures can be compiled from the hybrid supply anduse tables.

Final points A good opportunity to study

Impact of agriculture modernization (water saving, cost increase)

Impact of deficit irrigation Large mediterranean basin Good available data (althought in different format)

Possible integration of Water Accounts in Basin Hydrological Plan 2015

Open to suggestions Thank you for the opportunity