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SWP3 Checklist: Part III.G.2. – Sediment & Erosion
Control
Douglas J. Parrish, P.E., C.P.E.S.C. Lucas County Engineer’s Office
[email protected] January 28, 2016
Erosion and Sediment Control Practices: What’s the Purpose?
• Effective Erosion Controls MUST:
–Prevent the dislodging of soil particles (Keep Dirt In Place!)
• Effective Sediment Controls MUST:
–Prevent sediment from leaving the site
• (Keep Dirt on Site!)
What are the keys to preparing a successful SWP3?
RESEARCH !!
RESEARCH !!
RESEARCH !!
SITE
TOOLBOX OF BMPS
PERMIT & LOCAL REQUIREMENTS
• Visit Site (Real or Virtual) • Soil Survey (Sandy, Clay,
Silt?) • Drainage Patterns (Outlet?)
• Rainwater and Land Development Manual
• EPA & Other Resources
• CGP No. 000004 • Village, City, County
Design Standards
READ THEM!! THEN READ THEM AGAIN!!
THE DESIGN MANUAL
http://epa.ohio.gov/dsw/storm/index.aspx
THE PERMIT
http://www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater-discharges-construction-activities#swppp
U.S. EPA NPDES RESOURCES
Erosion Control What is Erosion?
Erosion is the process that by actions of wind or water, soil particles are detached and transported.
Source: ODOT MS4 Public Education and Outreach: Managing Erosion & Sediment Control in the ODOT Construction Environment
Erosion Control Factors that Influence Erosion
• Topography
• Vegetation
• Hydrologic Soil Groups
• Climate – Precipitation, Wind
• Land use – Impervious cover
Source: ODOT MS4 Public Education and Outreach: Managing Erosion & Sediment Control in the ODOT Construction Environment
Source: http://ryanmichealwoods.blogspot.com/2010/11/let-rain-fall.html
Splash Erosion Raindrop impact energy is enough to dislodge surface sediments.
Erosion Control Types of Erosion
Source: ODOT Website: Managing Erosion & Sediment Control in the ODOT Construction Environment
• Sheet Erosion • Sheet erosion is caused by rain splash detaching soil particles,
• lifting them up and removing them by shallow “sheets” of water flowing down a sloped soil surface.
Erosion Control Types of Erosion
Sheet Erosion
concentrates to form
rill erosion
Source: ODOT MS4 Public Education and Outreach: Managing Erosion & Sediment Control in the ODOT Construction Environment
As flow concentrates, small channels begin to form in the soil surface.
Erosion Control Types of Erosion
Rill Erosion
Source: ODOT MS4 Public Education and Outreach: Managing Erosion & Sediment Control in the ODOT Construction Environment
Gully Erosion
Gullies are formed when runoff cuts rills deeper and wider or when flows from several rills come together and form a large channel.
Erosion Control Types of Erosion
Source: ODOT MS4 Public Education and Outreach: Managing Erosion & Sediment Control in the ODOT Construction Environment
Channel Erosion
Channels may become unstable due to increased flows or changes in upstream sediment load.
Erosion Control Types of Erosion
Source: ODOT MS4 Public Education and Outreach: Managing Erosion & Sediment Control in the ODOT Construction Environment
Erosion Control Practices:
Erosion Controls
Seeding and Mulching
Rock Channel Protection
Slope Drains
Ditch Check
Dikes/Berms
Channel Protection
Construction Entrance
Looking at different Erosion Control BMPs. Understanding which BMPs to be used for what you are trying to control
Sedimentation
Erosion and Sedimentation Erosion causes Sedimentation
Erosion
Source: ODOT MS4 Public Education and Outreach: Managing Erosion & Sediment Control in the ODOT Construction Environment
Sediment is eroded material suspended in wind or water.
Sediment Control What is Sediment?
Source: ODOT MS4 Public Education and Outreach: Managing Erosion & Sediment Control in the ODOT Construction Environment
Sedimentation is the deposition of eroded material.
Sediment Control What is Sedimentation?
Source: ODOT MS4 Public Education and Outreach: Managing Erosion & Sediment Control in the ODOT Construction Environment
Sediment Control Impacts of Sedimentation
• Deposited on adjoining property and roadways, affects health, safety, and welfare.
• Fills storm inlets, storm sewers, and detention basins, reducing their capacity and increasing maintenance.
• Smothers benthic habitat / life, disrupting aquatic ecosystems.
• Others?????
Source: ODOT MS4 Public Education and Outreach: Managing Erosion & Sediment Control in the ODOT Construction Environment
Sediment Control Practices:
Sediment Controls
Sediment Dam
Inlet Protection
Sediment Basin
Filter Fabric
Looking at different Sediment Control BMPs. Understanding which BMPs to be used for what you are trying to control.
Part III.G.2 - Sediment & Erosion Controls
(a) Non-Structural Preservation Methods Y N N/A Comments
(1) Has every effort been made to preserve the
natural riparian setback adjacent to streams or other
surface water bodies?
(2) Have efforts been made to phase in construction
activities in order to minimize the amount of land
disturbance at one time?
(3) Will any portions of the site be left undisturbed
(e.g., tree preservation areas)?
Source: ODNR Rainwater and Land Development Manual
Part III.G.2 - Sediment & Erosion Controls
(b) Erosion Controls Y N N/A Comments
(1) Does the SWP3 describe the control practices
used to restabilize areas after grubbing or
construction?
(2) Does the SWP3 specify the types of stabilization
measures to be employed for any time of the year?
Source: OEPA Construction General Permit
“…Such practices may
include: temporary seeding, permanent seeding, mulching, matting, sod
stabilization, vegetative buffer strips, phasing of construction
operations, use of construction entrances and the use of alternative
ground cover. …”
• Permit to remain open over Winter? Mulch if too late to seed
disturbed areas.
Part III.G.2 - Sediment & Erosion Controls
(b)(2)(i) Temporary Stabilization Y N N/A Comments
For disturbed areas within 50 feet of a stream remaining
dormant for over 14 days, will temporary erosion
controls be applied within 2 days?
For disturbed areas over 50 feet away from a stream
remaining dormant for over 14 days, will temporary
erosion controls be applied within 7 days?
For disturbed areas that will be left idle over winter, will
temporary erosion controls be applied prior to onset of
winter weather?
Source: OEPA Construction General Permit
Part III.G.2 - Sediment & Erosion Controls
(b)(2)(i) Permanent Stabilization Y N N/A Comments
For disturbed areas within 50 feet of a stream at
final grade, will permanent erosion controls be
applied within 2 days of reaching final grade?
For disturbed areas remaining dormant for over 1
year or at final grade, will permanent erosion
controls be applied within 7 days?
Source: OEPA Construction General Permit
Part III.G.2 - Sediment & Erosion Controls
(c) Runoff Control Practices Y N N/A Comments
(1) Does the SWP3 incorporate measures to
reduce flow rates (e.g., riprap, ditch check dams)?
(2) Does the SWP3 incorporate measures to divert
concentrated flow (e.g., pipe slope drains)?
“…Such practices may include rock check dams, pipe slope drains, diversions to
direct flow away from exposed soils and protective grading practices. These
practices shall divert runoff away from disturbed areas and steep slopes where
practicable. Velocity dissipation devices shall be placed at discharge locations
and along the length of any outfall channel to provide non-erosive flow velocity
from the structure to a water course so that the natural physical and biological
characteristics and functions are maintained and protected…”
Source: OEPA Construction General Permit
Erosion Control Tool Box
Construction Entrance
Rock Check Dam
Matting
Slope Drain
Temporary Diversion
Part III.G.2 - Sediment & Erosion Controls
(d) Sediment Control Practices Y N N/A Comments
(1) Will sediment control devices be implemented
for all areas remaining disturbed for over 14 days?
(2) Are detail drawings of the sediment controls to
be used included in the SWP3?
“…. Structural practices shall be used to control erosion and trap sediment from a
site remaining disturbed for more than 14 days. Such practices may include,
among others: sediment settling ponds, silt fences, earth diversion dikes or
channels which direct runoff to a sediment settling pond and storm drain inlet
protection...”
Source: OEPA Construction General Permit
Part III.G.2 - Sediment & Erosion Controls
(d)(i) Timing of Installing Sediment Controls
Does the SWP3 specify that sediment controls will
be installed/implemented within 7 days of
grubbing activities?
Does the SWP3 propose alternate sediment
controls for the changing slopes and topography?
“…. Timing. Sediment control structures shall be functional throughout the
course of earth disturbing activity. Sediment basins and perimeter
sediment barriers shall be implemented prior to grading and within seven
days from the start of grubbing. They shall continue to function until the
up slope development area is restabilized. As construction progresses
and the topography is altered, appropriate controls shall be constructed or
existing controls altered to address the changing drainage patterns....”
Source: OEPA Construction General Permit
Part III.G.2 - Sediment & Erosion Controls
(d)(ii) Sediment Settling Ponds Y N N/A Comments
Does the SWP3 include the installation and use
of a sediment settling pond? NOTE: Sediment
settling ponds are required for all drainage
areas of 10 or more acres of land disturbed at
one time, when there is concentrated runoff
(storm sewer or ditch), or when the design
capacity of silt fence or inlet protection has
been exceeded.
For construction activities that require
sediment settling pond(s), does the SWP3
propose to implement alternative controls to
sediment settling ponds? NOTE: Alternative
controls must be equivalent in effectiveness to
a sediment settling pond.
Is the dewatering volume of the sediment
settling pond sized to receive at least 67 cubic
yards (1800 cubic feet) of storm water per acre
of total drainage area?
Is the dewatering volume of each sediment
settling pond less than or equal to 5 feet?
NOTE: The base of the dewatering volume is
where the skimmer is connected to the outlet.
Will the dewatering volume drain down time in
between 48 hours and 72 hours?
Sediment Settling Pond Requirements
• Required when: – Concentrated storm water runoff, OR – 10 or more acres of disturbance, OR – Runoff exceeding design capacity of silt fence or inlet
protection
• Must dewater at the pond surface (skimmer) • Have a dewatering zone > 67 cy/drainage ac. above a sediment storage zone > 37 cy/disturbed ac.
Source: OEPA Construction General Permit
Sediment Settling Pond Requirements
• Other sediment pond requirements include: • Max dewatering zone depth of 5 feet
• Min 2:1 length to width pond ratio; recommend 4:1
• Min 48-hour drain time if drainage area >5ac
Sediment Traps: • Simple rock outlet
• Drainage area of 5 acres or less
• Stabilize banks within 7 days of construction
Sediment Basin
14 Ac. Site (12 Ac. Disturbed)
• Dewatering Volume = 14 x 67 cy =938 cy
• Sediment Storage = 12 x 37 cy = 444 cy
Part III.G.2 - Sediment & Erosion Controls
(d)(ii) Sediment Settling Ponds (Continued) Y N N/A Comments
Does the dewatering device (e.g., a skimmer)
meet the design standards of Ohio’s Rainwater
and Land Development Manual?
Is the sediment storage zone volume of the
pond at least 1000 cubic feet per disturbed acre
(Method 1)?
If not, was RUSLE method (Method 2) used to
calculate the sediment storage zone volume?
Is the length to width ratio of the sediment
settling pond at least two units of length for
every one unit of width (> 2:1 length to width)?
NOTE: The greater the distance from the storm
water inlet into the pond to the storm water
outlet, the greater likelihood of sediment
settlement. This prevents short-circuiting of the
pond.
Will the sediment storage zone of the pond be
cleaned out when the silt occupies 40 percent
of the sediment storage zone (approximately
one-half of the sediment storage zone depth)?
Is the sediment settling pond designed to
consider public (i.e., child) safety where site
limitations preclude a safe design?
Part III.G.2 - Sediment & Erosion Controls
(d)(iii) Silt Fence & Other Diversions Y N N/A Comments
Will silt fence or other diversions be used to
control sheet flow?
Will silt fence be used in areas of steep slopes
or concentrated flow? NOTE: Silt fence is not
permitted to be used for controlling high
velocity storm water flow (only sheet flow).
Silt Fence Requirements
Maximum drainage area to
100 linear feet of silt fence
Slope range for the
corresponding drainage
area
0.5 acres < 2%
0.25 acres > 2% but < 20%
0.125 acres > 20% but < 50%
Before the Storm After the Storm
Part III.G.2 - Sediment & Erosion Controls
d)(iv) Inlet Protection Y N N/A Comments
Will the field drain inlets and/or the street curb
inlets drain into a sediment settling pond or
directly to surface waters of the state? NOTE:
Inlet protection is mandatory where sediment
settling ponds will not be implemented.
Do any inlets not connected to a sediment
settling pond receive runoff from one or more
acres?
Does the inlet protection meet the standards of
Ohio’s Rainwater and Land Development
Manual?
“…Storm drain inlet protection is applicable anywhere construction site runoff
may enter closed conveyance systems through storm sewer inlets. Generally
inlet protection is limited to areas draining less than 1 acre.
This practice is generally not recommended as a primary means of sediment
control. …”
Source: ODNR Rainwater and Land Development Manual
Part III.G.2 - Sediment & Erosion Controls
(d)(v) Stream Protection
Does the SWP3 propose to use any structural
sediment controls in a stream? NOTE: Use of
structural sediment controls in- stream is
prohibited in accordance with Part III.G.2.d.v.
For construction activities that are on the stream
bank or will involve stream crossing, does the
SWP3 include measures to minimize the number
of stream crossings and/or the width of
disturbance? NOTE: If work along a stream bank
is necessary, a non-erodible pad or non-erodible
stream diversion dams (sand bags) must be
installed. If stream crossings are necessary, a
non-erodible stream crossing must be installed.
“…A stream crossing provides construction traffic temporary access across a stream while
reducing the amount of disturbance and sediment pollution. It is a temporary practice which
includes restoring the crossing area after construction. Specifications for three typical kinds of
stream crossings are provided: bridges, culverts and fords. Each has specific applications
and each is designed to minimize stream damage by leaving banks stable and vegetated and
adding only coarse stone fill to the channel….”
Source: ODNR Rainwater and Land Development Manual
Erosion and Sediment Control Practices
Minimize Areas of Disturbance and take advantage of Erosion Controls
1. Identify existing conditions and
natural resources.
2. Plan project to minimize footprint /
impacts to resources.
3. Delineate existing / proposed
drainage areas.
4. Determine limits of grading and
clearing.
5. Sequence and/or phase construction
activities (i.e., underground, at grade
and vertical).
Source: ODOT MS4 Public Education and Outreach: Managing Erosion & Sediment Control in the ODOT Construction Environment
Erosion and Sediment Control Practices: What’s the Purpose?
• Effective erosion controls MUST:
– Prevent the dislodging of soil particles
• Effective sediment controls MUST:
– Prevent sediment from leaving the site
• Pond runoff
• Release it slowly Erosion Controls
Seeding and Mulching
Rock Channel Protection
Slope Drains
Ditch Check
Dikes/Berms
Channel Protection
Construction Entrance
Sediment Controls
Sediment Dam
Inlet Protection
Sediment Basin
Filter Fabric
Source: ODOT MS4 Public Education and Outreach: Managing Erosion & Sediment Control in the ODOT Construction Environment