S.W.O.T Analaysis in Project Management

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S.W.O.T Analysis in Project Management

Md. Mashreki Islam Sami

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

International University of Business Agriculture and Technology

Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to give an extensive knowledge on SWOT Analysis. In this paper SWOT analysis is discussed in the case of project management. SWOT analysis standsfor Strengths, W eaknesses, O pportunities, and T hreats. Such analysis can be a part ina project or in a business venture. A SWOT analysis can be carried out for a product, place or

person. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying theinternal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective. Thetechnique is credited to Albert Humphrey, who led a convention at the Stanford ResearchInstitute now called SRI International, in the 1960s and 1970s using data from Fortune500 companies. Performing SWOT analysis allows setting achievable goals or objectives for theorganization. SWOT analysis is important for organizations to plan future steps that are to betaken for development or to compete with other companies. Through SWOT analysis, a companyor organization come across advantages, disadvantages, possibilities, capabilities and problemsthat they may face in a project takes visual. In this paper different sectors are considered whereSWOT analysis is done successfully. Some other techniques of analysis such as Benchmarking,PESTLE, M.O.S.T Analysis etc. are also discussed in brief in comparison to SWOT analysis.



iiS.W.O.T Analysis in Project Management


Table of Contents

PageAbstract ............................................................................................................................................ i Chapter 1: Introduction to S.W.O.T Analysis................................................................................. 3

1.1 Definition .............................................................................................................................. 3

1.2 Background ........................................................................................................................... 3

1.3 Significance........................................................................................................................... 3

1.4 Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 4

Chapter 2: Steps to S.W.O.T Analysis ............................................................................................ 5

2.1 Performing S.W.O.T ............................................................................................................. 5

2.2 Applications of S.W.O.T ...................................................................................................... 6

Chapter 3: Comparison between S.W.O.T and Other Analysis ...................................................... 7

3.1 Types ..................................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 PESTLE and S.W.O.T .......................................................................................................... 7

3.3 Benchmarking and S.W.O.T ................................................................................................. 8

3.4 M.O.S.T and S.W.O.T .......................................................................................................... 8

Chapter 4: S.W.O.T analysis in Construction Sectors .................................................................... 9

4.1 Why S.W.O.T for Industrial Sectors ..................................................................................... 9

4.2 Performing S.W.O.T Analysis for an Construction Industry................................................ 9

Chapter 5: S.W.O.T in Industrial Sectors ..................................................................................... 13

Chapter 6: S.W.O.T in Communications Sectors ......................................................................... 17

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 18

References ..................................................................................................................................... 19



3S.W.O.T Analysis in Project Management


Chapter 1: Introduction to S.W.O.T Analysis

1.1 Definition

The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision-making for allsorts of situations in business and organizations. SWOT is an acronym for Strengths,Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Information about the origins and inventors of SWOTanalysis is below. The SWOT analysis headings provide a good framework for reviewingstrategy, position and direction of a company or business proposition, or any other idea [2] . Thedetails of SWOT can be broken down as follows:

Strengths : Characteristics of the business or project that give the company or organization anadvantage over others

Weaknesses : Characteristics that place the team at a disadvantage relative to other team.

Opportunities : Elements that the organization can exploit for a project to its advantage.

Threats : Elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business or project.

SWOT analysis is often interpreted and used as a SWOT Analysis 2x2 Matrix, especially in business and marketing planning. SWOT analysis is widely used for business planning, strategic planning, competitor evaluation, marketing, business and product development and researchreports. To support SWOT analysis some other analysis such as PEST analysis, which measuresa business's market and potential according to external factors; Political, Economic, Social andTechnological, Porter's Five Forces model, which is used to analyze competitive position. It isoften helpful to complete a PEST analysis prior to a SWOT analysis to have a better idea on the

project and achieve goals.

1.2 Background

SWOT analysis became one of the most popular tools for strategic planning. It has its origins inthe 1960s (Learned et al., 1965), and was popularized by Weihrich’s (1982) work. The techniqueis credited to Albert Humphrey, who led a convention at the Stanford Research Institute nowcalled SRI International, in the 1960s and 1970s using data from Fortune 500 companies. [1] It iscommonly adopted for the analysis of internal and external situations, in turn encouraging thedevelopment of strategies which can cope with these situations. The usage of SWOT analysis has

been reported in many fields including that of the construction sector. For example, Shen et al.(2006) use the tool to analyze the situations for foreign-invested construction enterprises in

China. Lu et al. (2009) use it in relation to Chinese construction companies in the internationalconstruction market. [3]

1.3 Significance

The SWOT analysis matrix separates and compares between internal and external influencers.Internals influences are Strengths and Weaknesses where external influences are Opportunities





and Threats. Strength can be a competitive advantage to a company through superior productquality, lowest price, best expertise, location.

However, weakness can be a disadvantage for a company for example, tired brand, inferiorlocation, high overheads or lack of R&D. Considering opportunities a company can have, e.g. Aregulatory or tax change, high-profile event (marketing opportunity), untapped market, gap left

by a failed competitor etc. The last thing a company does not want is threat which for examplecan be briefed as unfavourable regulation changes, new entrant into the market, Problems withthe economy, Market shrinkage etc. [4]

1.4 Objectives

In this paper we are going to discuss the different sectors of business and communicationindustries where S.W.O.T analysis is used. Through S.W.O.T analysis, which is one of the mainways of differentiating between companies or products, an industry can emerge to the top of its

business. We are going to discuss the ways S.W.O.T analysis is done for industries such as,cement or construction; communication sector for example Vodafone an Facebook; or may beS.W.O.T between banks etc. Apart from differentiating between companies, this paper will alsofocus on the other different types of analysis that are done and their effectiveness.Contemporarily, there are few methods for analyzing, such as Portfolio method, Growth-ShareMatrix, PESTLE, Benchmarking etc.

For managing a project, many organizations use number of other methods alongside of S.W.O.Tto get a better view of the strategic planning. These other methods are sometimes used to supportthe evaluation result of S.W.O.T. In every project it is very important to perform a S.W.O.Tanalysis at the initial stage. Performing this analysis gives the Project Manager and team membera clear idea of the objective that is likely to be fully identifying all required activities and

potential risks so that a proper plan can be put in place. However, if it is being conducted duringan ongoing project, the objective may be to re-assess the budget or schedule.





Chapter 2: Steps to S.W.O.T Analysis

2.1 Performing S.W.O.T

S.W.O.T analysis is used to highlight areas of the project that could be maximized to the benefit

of the whole project or individual areas where some competitive advantage may be gained. It isused to evaluate particular activities of the project in order to optimize their potential as well asto evaluate risks in order to determine the most appropriate way of mitigating those risks.S.W.O.T analysis is usually done in 2x2 matrix where Strength, Weakness, Opportunity andThreat are established in 2x2 chart. Here may be specific questions are prepared . Not a standardset of pre-defined questions are prepared that will meet every situation but questions are made sothat every session must have a set of questions written down before the session to ensure theattendees remained focused. An example of how the questions in S.W.O.T analysis are done in2x2 matrix is shown below :

Strengths

Advantages of proposition? Capabilities? Competitive advantages? USP's (unique selling points)? Resources, Assets, People? Experience, Qualifications & knowledge? Financial reserves, likely returns? Innovative aspects, IT, communications?

Accreditations, Certifications?

Weaknesses

Disadvantages of proposition? Gaps in capabilities? Lack of competitive strength? Reputation, presence and reach? Financials? Own known vulnerabilities? Cashflow, start-up cash-drain? Reliability of data, plan predictability?

Morale, commitment, leadership?

Opportunities Market developments? Competitors' vulnerabilities? Technology development and innovation? Global influences? Market need for new USP's?

Major contracts, tenders? Information and research? Partnerships, agencies, distribution? Market volume demand trends? Seasonal, weather, fashion influences?

Threats Political and economical effects? Legislative effects? Environmental effects? Competitor intentions - various? New technologies, services, ideas?

Vital contracts and partners? Obstacles faced? Insurmountable weaknesses? Employment market? Financial and credit pressures?





The above questions are few of the many questions that are frequently asked by during analyzing between two or more companies. There are questions that can reveal important details of acompany such as, Superior product performance vs. competitors or how vulnerable to reactiveattack by major competitors etc.

2.2 Applications of S.W.O.TS.W.O.T analysis is so powerful that it has many applications. Some of the applications can belisted down as shown [5] :

• a company (its position in the market, commercial viability, etc)

• a product or brand

• a strategic option, such as entering a new market or launching a new product

• a potential partnership

• project planning and project management

• an investment opportunity

• personal financial planning

• personal career development - direction, choice, change, etc.

• education and qualifications planning and decision-making

• relationships, perhaps even family planning.

Whatever the application, description of the subject or purpose or question for the SWOTanalysis should be clear so that one remain focused on the central issue. This is especially crucialwhen others are involved in the process. People contributing to the analysis and seeing thefinished SWOT analysis must be able to understand properly the purpose of the SWOT

assessment and the implications arising.





Chapter 3: Comparison between S.W.O.T and Other Analysis

3.1 Types

There are number of different analysis that are done in industries, business companies or firms.

Naming few main analysis are:1. PESTLE – Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental

2. Benchmarking

3. Growth- Share Matrix

4. Portfolio Method

Most of the cases it is seen that the above analysis are done to support the result of S.W.O.T . inthis chapter we are going to discuss the difference between the other analysis and S.W.O.T asmuch as possible.

3.2 PESTLE and S.W.O.TPESTLE analysis is used as a tool by companies the world over to track the environment they’reoperating in or are planning to launch a new project/product/service etc. [6] Similar to SWOTanalysis, there are certain questions used for conducting this analysis, which give them an idea ofwhat things to keep in mind. Questions include mostly about:

Political : The political situation of the country and its effect in the industry

Economy: The prevalent economic factors

Social: How much importance does culture has in the market and its determinants

Technology: Technological innovations and their effect in the market structure

Legal: Legislations that regulate the industry or any change in the legislations for theindustry

Environment: The environmental concerns for the industry

It may be so, that the importance of each of the factors may be different to different kinds ofindustries, but it is imperative to any strategy a company wants to develop that they conduct thePESTLE analysis as it forms a much more comprehensive version of the SWOT analysis. [6]





3.3 Benchmarking and S.W.O.T

Benchmarking is used to measure performance using a specific indicator such as, cost per unit ofmeasure, productivity per unit of measure, cycle time of x per unit of measure or defects per unitof measure resulting in a metric of performance. Whereas in S.W.O.T; Strength, Weakness,Opportunities and Threats of a company are taken into account. Benchmarking may be a one-offevent, but is often treated as a continuous process in which organizations continually seek toimprove their practices but S.W.O.T is done before the start of a project with a final result.Benchmarking method focuses on the following points before implementing a plan [7] .

Identify problem areas Identify other industries that have similar processes Identify organizations that are leaders in these areas Survey companies for measures and practices Visit the "best practice" companies to identify leading edge practices Implement new and improved business practices

Similar to SWOT analysis, Benchmarking can be internal or external. However, within these broader categories, there are three specific types of benchmarking: 1) Process benchmarking, 2)Performance benchmarking and 3) strategic benchmarking. [7]

3.4 M.O.S.T and S.W.O.T

M.O.S.T is a superior strategic planning tool helps to clarify Mission - where the businessintends to go, Objectives - the key goals which will help to achieve that mission, Strategy -analyses what options there are for proceeding forward and Tactics - how these strategies aregoing to be put into action. [8] Comparing with S.W.O.T, we find that M.O.S.T is a sort ofvisionary planning, where and how a company can reach their aim completing their goals.However in S.W.O.T, how a product or project can fulfill ones need comparing other product or

projects can be analyzed.





Chapter 4: S.W.O.T analysis in Construction Sectors

4.1 Why S.W.O.T for Industrial Sectors

A country’s development depends on its construction sectors. Construction industries can be

international or local but both are beneficial for the country. Such industries are capable of bringing huge foreign remittances if they can cope up their productions, quality andmaintenances with other foreign industries. There are great deals of challenges for industryowners who want to maintain a international standard for their product. Challenges may includequality, production rate, profit, growth-share rate, stability in the market etc. A owner also has to

be aware of the existence of other industries which also produce the same items and how tocompete with those industries. As a result to compete with the other industries, a owner wants to

perform S.W.O.T analysis with respect to other rival industries. In industrial sectors, S.W.O.Tanalysis reveals the ups and downs of the company, where to invest, which product needs moremodification and improvements etc. Performing S.W.O.T analysis, a owner of the industry caneasily understand the market situation, product demand etc. and can come up with a solution.

In this chapter we are going to discuss about the facts that are dealt during analysis. We aregoing to discuss the subject into four separate parts, Strength, Weakness, Opportunity andThreats.

4.2 Performing S.W.O.T Analysis for an Construction Industry

Here we are going to discuss about Civil Engineering industry in UK. Agile ConstructionInitiative is a project which was established at University of Bath with an objective to collectdata to compares civil engineering processes and provide information to develop the civilengineering industries with world class performance. [9] It was established mainly because of themarket conditions of the world. It is seen that the civil engineering industries in UK are unable to

compete with the industries in US, Europe and Japan. The analysis on which Agile ConstructionInitiative project was developed are given below: [9]

The dominance of world market for civil engineering

Domestic contractors vs. Foreign contractors in domestic markets

Fragmentation of domestic markets with many contractors competing for market share.

The international market for civil engineering is mainly in the newly industrializing countriesof South East Asia (including China), South America, the Middle East and Eastern Europe.

Importance of privately financed projects in both the main domestic markets and theinternational markets

Capacity in the UK civil engineering market vs. Low profit margins

Clients demand in procure projects due to the effects of infrastructure privatization and theintroduction of the Private Finance Initiative.





Strengths and Weaknesses of the UK civil engineering industry

The traditional procurement method for civil engineering contracts in the UK has beendesign-bid-build.

The UK construction industry is beginning to speak with one voice across a range of issues.The subsequent establishment of the Construction Industry Board.

The largest UK civil engineering contractors by turnover are Tarmac and Balfour Beatty at13th and 14th in Europe, France has the four largest, Germany three in the top ten and Italytwo in the top ten.

With more and more work being financed privately the leading UK civil engineeringcompanies may not have the financial strength to compete against their bigger Europeanrivals.

The level of education in the UK construction industry is lower than that in its Europeanrivals.

The level of research and development expenditure by the UK construction industry is lowerthan some of its international rivals, in particular Japan and the US and very much lower thanother industries.

Weakness of UK civil engineering is that contractors have a reputation for bidding prices thatare below cost in order to gain work and then attempting to cut costs by compromising onquality and increase revenue through the claims process. Clients are increasingly adopting

procurement methods that do not allow additional revenue to be generated in this way. Some civil engineering contractors have succeeded in responding to clients new

expectations and their profitability has improved.

UK civil engineering contractors have less in-house design capabilities than their overseasrivals. This may be a disadvantage in winning turnkey projects overseas and privatelyfinanced projects at home.

UK civil engineering contractors have been slow to start operations in Europe. With thesingle European market and harmonization of specifications across Europe, this may leavethem vulnerable to entry from European contractors who are already working throughoutmainland Europe.

UK civil engineering industry has been slower than other industries to exploit informationtechnology in its main value adding processes.

The level of integration of the design team is low compared to other countries and industries.

Some successes have occurred in value engineering of projects but value managementthroughout the life of a project is not as well developed as in other countries.

The leadership style on sites differs greatly from that seen in other countries.





Opportunities that exist for the UK civil engineering industry

The US market is highly fragmented and may present opportunities to UK civil engineering

companies. Newly industrializing countries have a need for infrastructure to sustain economic growth but

less well developed home industries and a shortage of money to finance development.Companies that can arrange finance will find opportunities in these markets.

Privately financed infrastructure projects represent the greatest opportunities in the UK in theforeseeable future.

Environmental policies, such as the landfill tax may lead to pressure to reuse materials orlook for alternative materials.

Client expectations have changed and civil engineering companies that become more

customer oriented will get more business from these clients. Higher client expectations and increased use of design and build and design, build, financeand operate contracts give the leading contractors the chance to increase the barriers to entryto the industry.

Companies that make a concerted effort to develop core competencies that are value byclients will be able to differentiate themselves from their competitors.

The UK government and the EU are both working to create research agendas to meet thespecific needs of the construction industry for research and development.

A crucial element of lean thinking is the integration of design and production, which leads tofaster projects, using fewer resources and providing a better result.

Threats to the UK Civil Engineering Industry

Existing competition is intense and there is overcapacity in the market

Fragmentation of markets compared with other large scale engineering activities such asaerospace or shipbuilding. Competition between players is therefore keen and margins low.

The overcapacity in the civil engineering market has been sustained by shareholders and banks who have been unwilling to wind up operations that have consistently underperformedover a period of years.

UK civil engineering clients have traditionally bought on the basis of lowest price. Withovercapacity and a large number of companies in the market, this has led to pressure on

prices and margins.

Separation of design and construction by clients has limited the opportunities forcontractors to differentiate their offerings from one another. Low prices have therefore beenachieved by passing price pressure down the supply chain rather than through innovations in

product and process.





Some suppliers exert power over the contractors they supply. Certain suppliers enjoymonopoly conditions; others have a particular advantage with respect to certain contracts dueto the economics of transporting bulk materials. These suppliers are able to resist price

pressures from contractors.

With a good supply of competent suppliers and subcontractors there may be a rise in thenumber professional construction managers who will take work away from the traditionalmain contractor, as result quality and performance may deteriorate.

Competition from overseas is increasing. The main threat to UK contractors in their homemarket is from Europe. The threat has three elements (i) the opportunities presented by PFI(ii) harmonization of specifications carried out as part of the Single European Act, and (iii)the globalization of infrastructure.

Falling demand for civil engineering due to the rise of alternative to construction

There are predictions that demand for transport infrastructure will be hit by the use of IT toincrease the capacity of the current infrastructure or as a substitute for travel.

Increases in the amount of off-site manufacture will shift turnover from contractors tosuppliers.

This above example or situation gives us a clear idea about what are the problems that may ariseand what are the positive ideas for competing with other industries. It seems that in every stageof a company’s growth there are things to understand such as, market demand, availability,innovations, quality and experience etc. Through analyzing the number of problems and ideas, acompany may come out with a perfect solution which will give them a leap forward todevelopments.





Chapter 5: S.W.O.T in Industrial SectorsIn this chapter the importance of S.W.O.T analysis for a cement company is given as anexample. Shun Yue Cement Company Limited is leading cement manufacturer in China. Tounderstand the condition of the logistic process of the company SWOT analysis was done withthe response from the customer and the employees. The following data are collected from a

publication of Savonia University of Applied Science. [10] The analysis was done with 284respondents. From several aspects, the respondents show their point of views towards thestrengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the logistics process. Their responses aregiven as Gant Chart below.





Strength

According to the above pie chart, 28 % of the respondents give their opinions of technology asthe strength, 15 % consider supply chain is a great strength and customer service also takes a big

proportion as 11 %. Marketing and warehousing almost have the same proportion to be thestrengths of SYCCL.

Weakness

In the case of weakness, most of the respondents chooses delivery 19 % as the biggest weakness.People who decide marketing and other aspects as weaknesses of the company have almost the same

proportion 18 %. Sales can be obviously seen also with a big weakness with 14 % response.Therefore, the company should improve delivery and marketing process.





Opportunity

When the respondents were asked about the opportunity, two big opportunities were theinformation system 25 % and technology 19 % in modern logistics development. Sales andmarketing also take two big proportions 12 % and 9 %. Other aspects, like delivery, supplychain, warehousing, customer service and other aspects are all regarded as opportunities to betterdevelop by the respondents at almost the same proportion between 3 % and 4 %.

Threat

In case of threat for company, 23 % of people pay more attention to marketing as a threat andmeanwhile, customer service, warehousing and supply chain are considered by several large

proportions like 19 %, 15 % and 12 %. Risks and threats usually lead to failure and loss. 8 %selected cement package as a threat for the company. From 3 % to 7 % of them are concentratingon transport, sales and other aspects to be considering threats.





To sum up the above information we can see that 28 % of the respondents give their opinions oftechnology as the strength, 15 % consider supply chain is a great strength and only 2 % think ofthe cement package. When mentioning the company’s weakness, most respondents prefer tochoose delivery and marketing in need of improving. 25 % people are willing to pay moreattention to information system and meanwhile, supply chain, delivery and other aspects are

considered by the same proportion 3 %. Risks and threats usually lead to failure and loss. 23 %selected marketing as a threat for the company and 19 % are concentrating on customer service.

This table is made from the collected data from the Gant chart and the pie charts shown above.This table is final summary of the SWOT analysis. The report of the analysis concentrates on themain points concerning the improvements of the company.

Therefore, we have seen how SWOT analysis can be helpful for industrial sectors, which are theareas to improve, which areas govern the profit and growth of the company. SWOT analysis alsohelps to determine the strategy a company needs to follow.





Chapter 6: S.W.O.T in Communications Sectors

In this chapter, how S.W.O.T analysis result is useful for the development of communicationsectors. This chapter is going to focus on the telecommunication sector with a famous operator,Vodafone. Vodafone is one of the leading providers of telecommunication services worldwide.

The company is engaged in providing data and fixed line, voice, and messaging services. Thegroup has presence in various countries across Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific andthe US. It operates through subsidiaries, joint ventures, associated undertakings and investments.The company operates primarily under the brand name Vodafone worldwide, except for the US,where it operates under the Verizon Wireless brand. The company is also expanding intointegrated mobile and PC communication services. Vodafone is headquartered in Newbury,United Kingdom (UK). [11]

The comprehensive SWOT profile of Vodafone in this chapter provides an in-depth strategicSWOT analysis of the company’s businesses and operations. The profile provides a clear and anunbiased view of the company’s key stren gths and weaknesses and the potential opportunitiesand threats.

Strength

Strategic Acquisition and InvestmentStrategy

Business Strategy

Business Diversity

Market Leading Position

Operational Efficiency

Weakness

Declined Liquidity Legal Battle

Opportunity Strategic Growth Initiatives

Growth in Telecommunications Services

Increasing Demand for 3G

Growing Mobile Data

Demand for Smartphones

Threat Competitive Pressures

Rapid Technological Changes

Global Economic Slowdown

Here the strengths of Vodafone are its strategic investment, diversity, leading telecommunicationoperator and their efficiency in network operation and frequency. However, their investment isdeclining over time and gives a weakness for other competitors. Vodafone’s growing mobile datagives the biggest opportunity in the market with increasing 3G connections, but competing withother telecommunication operator and change in technologies with respect to global economycan be Vodafone’s major threat in this sector.





Conclusion

SWOT analysis is a very useful tool for the development of any business company or industry tomove forward in to the market with greater possibility to shine. Throughout this report, we have

discussed about how SWOT analysis is done in different sectors such as the industrial,construction and communication sectors but SWOT analysis can be used for any two or morecontradictory ideas, products, systems etc. SWOT analysis result gives such a clear idea thatanyone can understand the difference or the better solution between two or more options. Inmodern day, SWOT analysis is taken into different level using computer simulation such asSWOT matrix system. In SWOT matrix, an Opportunity vs. Strength matrix is developed andanother matrix Weakness vs. Threat matrix is developed. Both the matrices are solved to find the

best combination from Maximum Sub-array theory [3] . The report also distinguishes betweenother types of analysis such as Benchmarking, PESTLE, M.O.S.T Analysis etc. which are alsodiscussed in brief. SWOT analysis is used to obtain a system which presents a practical way ofassimilating the internal and external information about the business unit, delineating short and

long term priorities, and allowing an easy way to build the management team which can achievethe objectives of profit growth.



19S W O T Analysis in Project Management

References

1. SWOT Analysis, Wikipedia,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT Analysis

2. Medibtikar Team

http://library.medibtikar.eu/Med_docs/AX_4/27_SWOT_analysis/SWOT

3. Department of Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University

http://www.bre.polyu.edu.hk/BRE_workshop/pdf/COENG-470

4. New Zealand Business

http://www.business.govt.nz/resources/educational-resources/swot analysis/

5. Albert Humprey,Team Action Management

http://istdkochi.org/pdf/swot-analysis.pdf

6. PETLE Analysis,

http://www.pestleanalysis.com

7. Benchmarking, Wikipedia,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benchmarking

8. Strategy Consulting Limited,

http://www.strategyconsultinglimited.co.uk/business-strategy/exploring-corporate-strategy-using-m-o-s-t-analysis/

9. Agile construction intuitive, University of Bath, Publictionhttp://www.bath.ac.uk/management/larg_agile/publications/pdf/public/96.014.300.pdf

10. Shun Yue Cement Company Limited , SWOT analysis , Logistics process

http://publications.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/34241/Chen_Jia%20ni.pdf

11. Vodafone Group PLC (VOD) - Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review,Research and Markets,

http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/1292190/

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S.W.O.T Analaysis in Project Management