Up-to-date information on OSU website

http://SWD.hort.oregonstate.edu

Scouting information for Western WA:

http://whatcom.wsu.edu/ipm/swd

Drosophila suzukiiSpotted Wing Drosophila (SWD)

SWD Identification –Key Characteristics

Black spot on male’s wings;

can be a light colored spot.

Two black

combs

parallel on

front legs

She inserts her saw-

like device

(ovipositor) into

ripening fruits and

lays eggs; typically it

is tucked under her

posterior.

Male Female

4-20-2011 Prepared by A.J. Dreves

• SWD has 4 stages of life: egg, larvae, pupae, and adult.

• They prefer intact, on-the-plant, ripe to ripening fruit.

• SWD is noted to spend the winter as an adult on borders

or perimeters in protected areas.

• Adults become active in the spring when temp. increases.

Bev Gerdeman

4-20-2011 AJD

SWD Fruit Hosts

Most preferred*

Cherries

Blueberries

Raspberries

Blackberries

Boysenberries

Strawberries

Grapes

Other hosts

Peaches

Nectarines

Asian Plums

Plumcots

Satsyma Plums

Elderberry

Kiwi, Figs

Italian Prunes

Persimmon

Asian Pears

*some fruit crops may not be

affected by SWD under certain

environmental conditions or

because of specific commercial

management practices

4-20-2011 AJD

Up-to-date information on OSU website

http://SWD.hort.oregonstate.edu

Scouting information for Western WA:

http://whatcom.wsu.edu/ipm/swd

Drosophila suzukiiSpotted Wing Drosophila (SWD)

SWD Identification –Key Characteristics

Black spot on male’s wings;

can be a light colored spot.

Two black

combs

parallel on

front legs

She inserts her saw-

like device

(ovipositor) into

ripening fruits and

lays eggs; typically it

is tucked under her

posterior.

Male Female

4-20-2011 Prepared by A.J. Dreves

• SWD has 4 stages of life: egg, larvae, pupae, and adult.

• They prefer intact, on-the-plant, ripe to ripening fruit.

• SWD is noted to spend the winter as an adult on borders

or perimeters in protected areas.

• Adults become active in the spring when temp. increases.

Bev Gerdeman

4-20-2011 AJD

SWD Fruit Hosts

Most preferred*

Cherries

Blueberries

Raspberries

Blackberries

Boysenberries

Strawberries

Grapes

Other hosts

Peaches

Nectarines

Asian Plums

Plumcots

Satsyma Plums

Elderberry

Kiwi, Figs

Italian Prunes

Persimmon

Asian Pears

*some fruit crops may not be

affected by SWD under certain

environmental conditions or

because of specific commercial

management practices

4-20-2011 AJD

Extracting SWD Larvae from fruit

• Collect suspicious fruit with potential SWD larvae

Prepare a Salt-Water solution (1/4 cup plain salt: 4 cups

water). Place fruit in shallow white pan. Cover fruit with

dissolved solution.

OR

Prepare a Sugar-Water solution (3/4 cup sugar: 4 cups

water). Place fruit in zip-loc bag with crushed fruit. Add

sugar-water solution to cover and stir mixture.

• After 10-15 minutes, SWD larvae will exit from egg-

laying holes; some will float to the top and separate out

from fruit that sinks to the bottom.

• Detection of small larvae (1mm) may require the use of

a magnifying hand lens and good lighting.

Place fruit

in bag and

add sugar

solution

Place fruit

in tray and

cover with

solution

Monitoring TrapsSWD Monitoring TRAPS

Assembling Trap

• Obtain clear 32oz durable plastic cup with lid.

•Drill 1/8” holes (approx 10) right under the rim of the cup;

leave a 3” area free on one side for pouring out solution.

• Add approx. 1.5” of pure apple cider vinegar + a drop of

non-fragrant dish soap to break surface tension.

Placing Trap

• Begin monitoring early with baited traps, when daytime air

temperatures are higher than 50°F for several days, and/or

before fruit set.• Hang or place trap on shady or cooler side of plants.• To hang, use either heavy wire to hang cup from plant, or attach a loop of gutter mesh to post to hold cup.

Servicing Trap• Check traps once per week. Filter out male and female

SWD flies from solution for identification. Male flies are the

easiest to distinguish from other flies (black spot on each

wing).

• Use a hand lens or OptiVisor to better see spots on

male’s wings.

• Dump solution away from plants.

Recording Fly Numbers

•Record weekly SWD male flies (and female flies if trained)

in a record book.4-20-2011 AJD

Damage from SWD

• Look for oviposition scarring or spotting on fruit surface.

• Fruit can collapse at scarring site 2-3 days after egg laying• Fruit will soften and bruise. Mold can occur at damaged site.

• Two small hair-like filaments

are attached to egg that stick

out of fruit at egg-laying site.

• Look closely for small

white larvae inside fruit.

• Juice can exude out

SWD egg hole.

4-20-2011 AJD

Extracting SWD Larvae from fruit

• Collect suspicious fruit with potential SWD larvae

Prepare a Salt-Water solution (1/4 cup plain salt: 4 cups

water). Place fruit in shallow white pan. Cover fruit with

dissolved solution.

OR

Prepare a Sugar-Water solution (3/4 cup sugar: 4 cups

water). Place fruit in zip-loc bag with crushed fruit. Add

sugar-water solution to cover and stir mixture.

• After 10-15 minutes, SWD larvae will exit from egg-

laying holes; some will float to the top and separate out

from fruit that sinks to the bottom.

• Detection of small larvae (1mm) may require the use of

a magnifying hand lens and good lighting.

Place fruit

in bag and

add sugar

solution

Place fruit

in tray and

cover with

solution

Monitoring TrapsSWD Monitoring TRAPS

Assembling Trap

• Obtain clear 32oz durable plastic cup with lid.

•Drill 1/8” holes (approx 10) right under the rim of the cup;

leave a 3” area free on one side for pouring out solution.

• Add approx. 1.5” of pure apple cider vinegar + a drop of

non-fragrant dish soap to break surface tension.

Placing Trap

• Begin monitoring early with baited traps, when daytime air

temperatures are higher than 50°F for several days, and/or

before fruit set.• Hang or place trap on shady or cooler side of plants.• To hang, use either heavy wire to hang cup from plant, or attach a loop of gutter mesh to post to hold cup.

Servicing Trap• Check traps once per week. Filter out male and female

SWD flies from solution for identification. Male flies are the

easiest to distinguish from other flies (black spot on each

wing).

• Use a hand lens or OptiVisor to better see spots on

male’s wings.

• Dump solution away from plants.

Recording Fly Numbers

•Record weekly SWD male flies (and female flies if trained)

in a record book.4-20-2011 AJD

Damage from SWD

• Look for oviposition scarring or spotting on fruit surface.

• Fruit can collapse at scarring site 2-3 days after egg laying• Fruit will soften and bruise. Mold can occur at damaged site.

• Two small hair-like filaments

are attached to egg that stick

out of fruit at egg-laying site.

• Look closely for small

white larvae inside fruit.

• Juice can exude out

SWD egg hole.

4-20-2011 AJD

SWD SWAT Team

Washington State University (Western WA):Lynell Tanigoshi - Mount Vernon REC

Colleen Burrows, Dan Coyne ,Chris Benedict -Whatcom County Extension

Don McMoran - Skagit County Extension

Andrew Corbin - Snohomish County Extension

Washington State University (Eastern WA):Doug Walsh, Elizabeth Beers

Oregon State University (SWD project directors):Amy Dreves, Vaughn Walton, Peter Shearer,

British Columbia: Tracy Hueppelheuser, Mark Sweeney

SWD Management Plan

Set-up monitoring traps.Place trap in shady cool part of the plant, when

ambient air temp. are higher than 50˚F for several

days and before fruit colors.

Control flies before they lay eggs.Refer to management and pesticide document on

SWD website. Fruit starts to be susceptible when

they begin to color.

Include sanitation in your IPM program.Properly dispose of or destroy infested fruit that falls

on the ground or remains on plant to reduce breeding

sites and food sources for SWD (e.g. solarizing,

bagging)

Check fruit for larvae.Use Salt or Sugar Methods for extracting larvae (see

website)

Harvest fruit in a timely manner.Avoid SWD egg-laying

Rotate pesticides – avoid resistance

Observe pre-harvest and re-entry intervals.

Target fruit zone with good coverage.

Follow pesticide label, it’s the law.

Anonymous scouting data from raspberry and blueberry fields, consisting of total trap numbers, can be accessed online at:

http://whatcom.wsu.edu/ipm/swd

Fields are scouted weekly; trap counts are updated by 6:00 PM on the day the trap was checked.

Please visit the website above for more detailed information on this project.

To Access Scouting Data WSU Scouting Program

WSU Extension received funding from the Washington Blueberry & Red Raspberry Commissions and the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration to collect trap data in cooperating grower fields. Shaded areas in the map above indicate which counties contain fields participating in the project.

SWD SWAT Team

Washington State University (Western WA):Lynell Tanigoshi - Mount Vernon REC

Colleen Burrows, Dan Coyne ,Chris Benedict -Whatcom County Extension

Don McMoran - Skagit County Extension

Andrew Corbin - Snohomish County Extension

Washington State University (Eastern WA):Doug Walsh, Elizabeth Beers

Oregon State University (SWD project directors):Amy Dreves, Vaughn Walton, Peter Shearer,

British Columbia: Tracy Hueppelheuser, Mark Sweeney

SWD Management Plan

Set-up monitoring traps.Place trap in shady cool part of the plant, when

ambient air temp. are higher than 50˚F for several

days and before fruit colors.

Control flies before they lay eggs.Refer to management and pesticide document on

SWD website. Fruit starts to be susceptible when

they begin to color.

Include sanitation in your IPM program.Properly dispose of or destroy infested fruit that falls

on the ground or remains on plant to reduce breeding

sites and food sources for SWD (e.g. solarizing,

bagging)

Check fruit for larvae.Use Salt or Sugar Methods for extracting larvae (see

website)

Harvest fruit in a timely manner.Avoid SWD egg-laying

Rotate pesticides – avoid resistance

Observe pre-harvest and re-entry intervals.

Target fruit zone with good coverage.

Follow pesticide label, it’s the law.

Anonymous scouting data from raspberry and blueberry fields, consisting of total trap numbers, can be accessed online at:

http://whatcom.wsu.edu/ipm/swd

Fields are scouted weekly; trap counts are updated by 6:00 PM on the day the trap was checked.

Please visit the website above for more detailed information on this project.

To Access Scouting Data WSU Scouting Program

WSU Extension received funding from the Washington Blueberry & Red Raspberry Commissions and the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration to collect trap data in cooperating grower fields. Shaded areas in the map above indicate which counties contain fields participating in the project.