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SWAP ProjectMediterranean dialogue
on framing Sustainability in WAter Policy evaluation
Final Conference Valenzano (ITALY), 25 November, 2009
SWAP IndicatorsMohammed Blinda, Plan Blue
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nMSSD framework
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To reach these 4 objectives, the MSSD calls to progress in in 7 priority fields and to improve the governance:
OBJECTIVE 1
Contribute to economic development
OBJECTIVE 3
Change unsustainable production and consumption patterns and ensure the sustainable management of natural resources
OBJECTIVE 4
Improve governance at the local, national and regional levels
OBJECTIVE 2
Reduce social disparities by implementing the Millennium Development Goals
Governance: Mobilizing actors, implementing the strategy and monitoring progress
Promoting sustainable management of the sea and coastal zones and taking urgent action to put an end
to the degradation of coastal zones
Promoting sustainable urban development
Promoting high quality agriculture and sustainable rural development
Improving integrated water resource and water demand management
Managing energy demand and mitigating the effects of climate change
Ensuring sustainable mobility through the appropriate management of transport
Promote sustainable tourism
MSSD follow-up and indicators
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nImproving integrated water resource and demand management•Stabilize water demand (decease in the North and controlled increases in the South and East).•Reduce losses and misuses by setting up efficiency objectives for each sector of use.•Decouple water demand and GDP growth and significantly increase the economic agriculture added value per cubic metre of water use.
1 Water efficiency index (total & per sector)
2 Water demand (total & per sector), compared to GDP (total & per sector)
Preserve water resources 3 Exploitation index of renewable water resources
Achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for access to safe drinking water and sanitation
4 Proportion of the population with access to safe drinking water (total, urban, rural)With reference to MDGs.
5 Proportion of the population with access to sanitation (total, urban, rural)With reference to MDGs. 33
5 priority indicators
Complementary indicators for MSSD follow-upWAT_C01
% Regulation index of water resources
WAT_C02
% Silting up rate of dam reserves
WAT_C03
% Non-sustainable water production index
WAT_C04
% Surface equipped with modern irrigation systems
WAT_C05
Nb /%GDP
Human and economic impact of floods
WAT_C06
ha Wetland area
WAT_C07
% Water requirements for the ecosystems
WAT_C08
General water quality index
WAT_C09
Kg of DBO5
Emissions of organic water pollutants
WAT_C10
% Share of collected and treated wastewater by the public sewerage system
WAT_C11
% Share of industrial wastewater treated on site
WAT_C12
% Water cost recovery rate (total and by sector)
WAT_C13
M$/% Rate of public investments and expenditure allocated to water and Water Demand Management (WDM)
WAT_C14
M$/% Public development assistance devoted to water and proportion of this aid dedicated to programs of WDM
44
14 complementary indicators
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n Selection of indicators
Indicators selection criteria
55
indicators
Note attributed 0* 1 2
Relevance No Middle Much
Availability No In the long term Available
Definition No Imprecise Clear
Responsible institution No To define Existing
*0: is considered as a fail
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nMSSD objectives
66
•The objectives, orientations, actions and indicators proposed by the MSSD are merely indicative, as they are intended to be applicable throughout the region.
• The countries or groups of countries are faced with significantly different situations and challenges and may need to adopt specific approaches, objectives and indicators (national, local).
•Consistency is desirable in regional and subregional approaches, as outlined in the common Strategy, specific national goals will clearly have to be defined or adjusted in line with each national strategic and planning framework.
•‘Pilot actions’, with limited cost and potentially high visibility, should be proposed during implementation as a means of accelerating change and of demonstrating political commitment to sustainable development
SWAP indicators contribution
LEBANON MOROCCO SPAIN
COMMON objectives
Indicators
Physical parameters ENV Improve water quality Chemical parameters
Salinity of soil and ground water Amount of applied fertilizer Hectares of wetland preserved/restored/destroyed
Preserve water for ecosystem functions
Morphologic deterioration of the waterways network and wetlands
Water scarcity indicator Groundwater level evolution Preserve water resources Over-exploitation Sustainable water exploitation
Social status Education level Poverty
Per capita available water
Health insurance
SOC Improve social conditions of rural population
Emigration Population with access to safe drinking water and sanitation
Social cohesion Awareness
Improve social cohesion
Appreciation of social values
Energy cost Energy cost Energy cost Irrigation cost Irrigation cost Land renting cost
Irrigation cost
Agricultural input supply Labor cost Crop quality New production techniques % of sold product % of exported product % of processed product Price index
ECO Stabilize farm income
Agricultural policies
Value of production for unit of water Value of production for unit of water
Number of WUA GOV Improve water management Number of SH involved in implementing strategies and monitoring progress
COMMON objectives LEBANON MOROCCO SPAIN
Indicators
Urbanization Land use and crop distribution Use of fertilizers
ENV SOC
Manage changes in land uses
Wetland reserve
Use of minimum tillage and direct seeding
Irrigation water use efficiency Irrigation water use efficiency Water quantity consumed per hectare Water quantity consumed per hectare Surface equipped by modern irrigation practices
Surface equipped by modern irrigation practices
ENV ECO
Improve irrigation efficiency Performance of the gravity system
Number of farmers using innovative technologies Number of farmers using innovative
technologies
Resident rural population Population by sector Farmers Workers Labor gender Labor age Labor nationality
ENVGOV
Improve and implement settlement of rural population
Labor availability
Number of WUA using environmental friendly practices
Share of young farmers
SOC ECO
Improve the economic state of rural population
Total amount of subsidies for farmers Total amount of subsidies for farmers
Number of demonstration activities Available of Information on water use
SOCGOV
Strengthen public participation in local water management
Number of women in WUA Number of meetings with civil society
ECOGOV
Increase the transparency in the decision-making process
Acceptance of water fees % of water services costs recovered
SWAP indicators with a link with MSSD’s indicators
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nIndicators selected
Indicator Nature Relevance
Availability
Definition
Responsible institution
Note
Population with access to safe drinking water and sanitation
MDG/MSSD
Much (2) Available (2)
Clear (2) Existing (2)
8
Irrigation water use efficiency
MSSD Much (2) Available (1)
Clear (2) Existing (2)
7
Water scarcity indicator
MSSD Much (2) Available (2)
Clear (2) Existing (2)
8
Over-exploitation MSSD Much (2) Available (1)
Clear (2) Existing (2)
7
Hectares of wetland preserved orWetland reserve
MSSD Much (2) Available (1)
Clear (2) Existing (2)
7
Per capita available water
MSSD Much (2) Available (2)
Clear (2) Existing (2)
8
Surface equipped by modern irrigation practices
MSSD Much (2) Available (2)
Clear (2) Existing (2)
8
% of water services costs recovered
MSSD Much (2) Available (1)
Clear (2) Existing (2)
7
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Indicators selected and measured
Indicators Nature
Case studies Type Notation
Environment dimensionLoss of agricultural lands Local Lebanon Pressure 7Water qualityChemical parametersSalinity of soil and ground waterAmount of applied fertilizer
LocalLocalLocal
LebanonMoroccoSpain
StatePressurePressure
888
Water quantityWater scarcity indicator*Per capita available waterOver-exploitation*Groundwater level evolutionNon sustainable water exploitation
MSSDMSSDMSSDLocalLocal
LebanonMoroccoLebanonMoroccoMorocco
StatePressurePressurePressurePressure
78877
Social dimensionSocial statusActive population farmersCommunicationPopulation with access to safe drinking water and sanitation
LocalLocalLocalMDG/MSSD
LebanonLebanonLebanonMorocco
ResponseResponseResponseResponse
7778
Economical dimensionEnergy costIrrigation costAgricultural input supply Labor cost Improvement of techniques of productionPrice indexMiddle Man CommissionValue of production for unit of water
LocalLocalLocalLocalLocalLocalLocalLocal
MoroccoLebanon/ MoroccoLebanonLebanonLebanonLebanonLebanonMorocco
PressurePressureStatePressureResponsePressurePressureResponse
77777777
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Indicators selected and measured (follow)
Indicators Nature Case studies Type NotationGovernance dimensionNumber of WUANumber of SH involved in implementing strategies and monitoring progress
LocalLocal
MoroccoMorocco
ResponseResponse
77
Environment/EconomicPerformance of the gravity systemIrrigation water use efficiency Water quantity consumed per hectareSurface equipped by modern irrigation practicesNumber of farmers using innovative technologies
LocalMSSDLocalMSSDLocal
LebanonMorocco Morocco Morocco Morocco
ResponsePressurePressureResponseResponse
77887
Social/EconomicTotal amount of subsidies for farmers
Local Morocco Response 7
Social/GovernanceNumber of demonstration activities
Local Morocco Response 7
Economic/Governance% of water services costs recovered
MSSD Morocco Response 7
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nSWAP indicators
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•The SWAP indicators have identified by the local fora, are consistent with the list of indicators suggested in the MSSD because these local indicators are based on the general framework of the MSSD to meet national and local expectations of the population.
•In addition, these indicators have been selected by all local stakeholders through a participatory approach of all concerned in the context of promoting sustainable development.
• These indicators respond to sustainable development objectives based on 4 pillars such environmental, economic, social and governance and their interaction.
SWAP indicators contribution
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nConclusions
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The SWAP project can be a basis for an international debate on sustainability indicators in general, the indicators of sustainability appear often too general in order to identify relevant issues of sustainable development.
The SWAP indicators for sustainable development are proposed by the 3 case studies. These indicators should reflect the state of the environment, economy, health, quality of life, social cohesion in a context of sustainable development in local or national level.
SWAP indicators contribution