SVBC Newsletter Vol 5 No 1-Aug 2010

8/3/2019 SVBC Newsletter Vol 5 No 1-Aug 2010

1/26

Mtcty| 16=6Pjkted 4

Oyytd =

\hd Vqdyoldg|y Ijqgdqa Mkoyjg Jkopodqo

Sd sokk ad ngdd lddv og|j jtq dmjg j vtllkd so|h |ho otd j |hd gdskd||dq+ at| sd sjtkl kond |j j`dq m tggy aodgpdgolj |j gdsedeadq Emqbjqod mgl Qoihmql Ijhdg+ Nm|hkddgLdmedq+ Lmg @dgldq+ Emqn Y'Cmqkmgl+ Bjgm|hmg Cokd+ ImqkjIhmqkod Cjedr+ Bjd VmakjEjkogm+ Gmgiy Gdkjg+ BmimkygComimkjgd+ Cqdcjqy Sokko+ mglEmqn Kmqjg' Mgl jg |hd BtgojqEdeadqhov Qj|dq sd sdkijedDqonm Ijgdbj+ Lmgodkm Ihmpdrmgl Aomgim Voqjkm' M ydmq mcj+ yjt emy qdimkk+ sd sdqd vogogcjq jed iho}to|my (coqk/+ j sd mqd hmvvodqgjs-

Mi|opd m dpdq+ ogid sd km| mvvdmqdl jg yjtqijevt|dq iqddg+ sd bjtqgdydl |j Km Meo|mlKjlcd (mgl t`dqdl |hd ihoccdq |j vqjpd o|/+ shdqd |hd Yimky%|hqjm|dl @jkomcd%ckdmgdq smm kod och|ogc jq emgy+ mgl |j Vkmym Rmgitlj shdqd sd hml m qov%qjmqogc pods j m hmgljedYmpmggm Hmsn og |hd qoid dkl+ m kddvy Amqg Jskgdmqay+ vkt Emgcqjpd Itinjj+ Medqoimg VyceyNogchdq+ Kjgc%|mokdl Sjjliqddvdq MGL

Gdj|qjvoimk Qopdq J||dq jg |hd tgtqvmmakd KjIjij Qopdq \jtq so|h Imv|mog Ytmg Dgckmgl' OgMvqok+ m ko||kd ikjdq |j hjed jg m ko||kd kmnd majt|


2/26

Gdsykd||dqMtcty| 16=6

Pjkted 4Oyytd =

Majt| |hd gdsykd||dqy loco|mk `dm|tqdy' \dx| |hmtgldqkogdl mgl aktd |ovy jt j |hm| o|#y kogndlmgj|hdq vmq| j` |hd Gdsykd||dq jq+ o` jtqd ijggdi||j |hd og|dqgd|+ m sda yo|d' Qjkkogc jtq itqyjq jpdkogn |tqgy |hd itqyjq og|j m ko||kd hmgl oijg' Yogckd%i

jg m kogn mgl jtkk cj |j o|y ldy|ogm|ojg' Sda yo|dy sjvdg og jtq ijevt|dqy aqjsydq> |hd Gdsykd|o|ydk` sokk qdemog jvdg m| |hd vmcd jt sdqd qdmlo

GDS- Poldj & Mtloj2 _jt em dgijtg|dyditqo| smqgogc |hm| qd}toqdy jt |j mkkjs |hd polmgl j|hdq og|dqmi|opd `dm|tqdy |j vkm' Kjjn `jsmqgogc amq mkjgc |hd |jv j` |hd ljitedg| sogljO` jt dgijtg|dq j|hdq dqqjqy+ ihjjyd Hdkv7Ihdin tvlm|dy gjs |j tvlm|d jtq Qdmldq yj`|smqd'

@qje |hd Dlo|jqa Hmqq Htkk

dqd jed|hogc ogiqdloaky ijevdkkogcmajt| |hd eocqm|ojg j aoql' O| m ldidv|opdkyijeejgvkmid vhdgjedgjg+ ttmkky dgijtg|dqdl og

emkk+ ldkoch|tk tqvqod+ kond |hd tlldg mqqopmk jm Amk|oejqd Jqojkdm eocqmg| hdqd og Ymg Po|j|hm| hmg| addg ddg jq ejg|h' Hjsdpdq+ shdgjgd ijg|devkm|d |hd emcgo|tld j |hd mihodpdedg|(mkk |hjd eokd iqjdl-/ mgl|hd dx}too|d ijeaogm|ojgj mi|jq (ihmgcd og|devdqm|tqd+ mgckd j |hd tg+mgl shj ngjs shm| dkd/ |hm|ogjqe |ho mpomg adhmpojq+eocqm|ojg adijed jed|hogc sjglqjt mgl oqqdo|oakyed|mvhjqoi'

Eocqm|ojg o mkj m| |hdhdmq| j |ho otd' Jtq kdml mq|oikd om |jqy ay Emqij Ymajqj majt| ho m||dev| |j glm eocqm|ogc \tqndy Ptk|tqd |hm| sm adogc |qmindlay m|dkko|d' Emqij |jkl ey sod+ Cmok+ mgl ed |ho|jqy og dmqky 1664+ mgl Opd mksmy dk| o| lddqpdlm soldq mtlodgid' M pdqy vdiomk |hmgn |j I' Y|tmq|Hjt|jg+ shj dgko|dl Emqij |j gl |hd \tqndyPtk|tqd+ jq mkk ho hdkvtk qdpods mgl amincqjtglem|dqomk'

d ihjoid j |hd Amqqdl @jqd|%@mkijg jq jtq@dm|tqdl Aoql og |ho otd|hjtch |ho kmqcd+hmgljed aoql o gj| m eocqmg|o ogvoqdl ayjgd imv|tqdl ltqogc |hd Ikta jgcjogc mpomgejgo|jqogc vqjbdi|+ gjs og o| 3|h ydmq+ |hm| ocm|hdqogc lm|m jg ihmgcd og eocqmg| p' qdoldg|

vjvtkm|ojg og jtq mqdm' Adcoggogc so|h |ho otd+|hd @dm|tqdl Aoql mq|oikd sokk ad sqo||dg ay jgdj jtq yjtgc edeadqog |ho otd+ ay CdqmklQjlqoctdr' Emgy |hmgn |j jgd j |hd Ikta

kjgc%|oed edg|jq+ Boe Rjjn+ jq ho |dihgoimkqdpods+ tccd|ojg+ mgl Dgckoh |qmgkm|ojg j|ho mq|oikd'

Jg m ejqd ko|dqmqy kdpdk+ |ho otd vjdeEocqm|ojg ay |hd ogijevmqmakd Vmakj Gdqtlmdxvkjqd |hd dej|ojgmk mgl dgjqy kmglimvdj jin eocqm|ogc so|hog |hd jt|hdqghdeovhdqd qje Gdqtlm hjed ijtg|qy jIhokd' O hjtkl edg|ojg |hm| mkk |hd Gdqtlmvjde og |hd km| |hqdd otd hmpd ijed qjem sjgldqtk ijkkdi|ojg+ Mq|d ld Vmbmqjy*Mq| j

Aoqly+ |hm| |hd vjd| vtakohdl og =?84' @jq aoql mglvjd|qy kjpdq+ |ho pjkted o hochky qdijeedgldl'

J ijtqd |hdqd ejqd |j kod |hmg eocqm|ojg+mgl etih j |ho otd qdvjq| jg jt|ogc+ vqjbdi|mgl dpdg| vjgjqdl jq tvvjq|dl ay |hd Ikta+qje m sjgldqtk |qov |j gdmqay Hmiodglm KmMeo|ml |j |hd Dij%Itk|tqmk @d|opmk og Ymg Po|jjqcmgordl ay J\Y' Mgl ljg| eo |hd tdtk

qdpods j Ij|m Qoimg aoql ctold+ mg tvlm|d jg |hImgjvy \jsdq vqjbdi| |hm| o cd||ogc dpdq ikjdq adijeogc m qdmko|y+ mgl |hd qdvjq| jg |hd Ikta mpomejgo|jqogc vqjbdi|'

Shoih aqogc ed amin (-/ |j eocqm|ojg' O imgqdo| gj|ogc |hm| emgy j jtq ej| mi|opd+ gj

qdoldg| edeadq mqd gj| tgkond eocqmg| |hdedkpdddnogc jt| |hd smqe ldkoch| j jtq teed|qjvoimk lqy dmjg |j dimvd |hd ijkl mgl d`qjg|dj |hd Gjq|h Medqoimg sog|dq' \qt|h ad |jkl+ jej t qdoldg| edeadq hmpd addg ngjsg |j y ms|j dgbjy vmq| j mkej| mgy dmjg og |hd kmgl j jaoq|hmgl adyjgl' At| sdqd mksmy |hmgntk qd|tqg'

Vhj|j2 Nm|d Ldypdgmog

Gj|my ldk Dlo|jqvjq Hmqq Htkk

Hmy mkcj ogiqdakdedg|d miogmg|d jaqd kmeocqmiog ld km mpd' D tg dgedgj dgcmjmedg|dijeg+ ttmkedg|d dgijg|qmlj dg vd}tdm ydgimg|mljqm jqvqdm+ ijej km kkdcmlm qdvdg|ogm ldtg jqojk ld Amk|oejqdtgm dvdiod eocqm|jqom m}tdg Ymg Po|j}td gj d hm po|j ltqmg|d edd' Yogdeamqcj+ itmglj tgj ijg|devkm km emcgo|tl ldkkjcqj (|jlj dj noked|qj iqtrmlj-/ y km dx}too|mijeaogmiog ld mi|jqd (imeaoj dg km |devdqm|tqm+dk gctkj ldk jk y }tog mad }t j|qm ijm/ }tdogjqemg d|d ijevjq|meodg|j mpomq+ km eocqmiog

d ijgpodq|d dg mkcj emqmpokkjj d oqqdo|oakdedg|ded|mqoij'

Km eocqmiog d| |meaog dg dk ijqmrg ld d|mdg|qdcm' Gtd|qj mq|itkj vqogiovmk d tgm ho|jqom vjq Emqij Ymajqj jaqd t og|dg|j ld dgijg|qmqtg rjgihj eocqm|jqoj }td dqm qm|qdmlj vjq m|ko|d'Emqij gj ijg| d|m ho|jqom m eo dvjm+ Cmok+ y me m vqogiovoj ld 1664 y odevqd hdej iqdlj }tdedqdim tgm mtlodgiom e mevkom' Tg mcqmldioeodg|jety dvdiomk m I' Y|tmq| Hjt|jg+ }todg ej|op mEmqij vmqm }td atimqm dk rjgihj+ vjq |jlm t |okqdpoog y dk em|dqomk ld jglj'

Km dkdiiog ldk hmkig ld ejg|d amqqd|dmlj ijej

gtd|qm Mpd Ld|mimlm ld d|d ajkd|gmtg}td d|m

mpd cqmgld y ctmvm gj d eocqm|jqomd| ogvoqmlm dgtgj imv|tqmlj ltqmg|d tgm ld km dojgd ldk vqjydi|jld ejgo|jqdj dg itqj ldk Ikta+ mhjqm dg t |oejmj+ }td d| qdijcodglj lm|j jaqd kj imeaoj dg kmvjakmiojgd ld dvdiod eocqm|jqom pq' km vjakmiojgdld qdoldg|d dg gtd|qm qdm' M vmq|oq ld d|d ajkd|g+dk mq|itkj ldk Mpd Ld|mimlm dq diqo|j vjq tgj ldgtd|qj eodeaqj bpdgddg d|m dg|qdcm+ vjqCdqmkl Qjlqctdr' Etihm cqmiom m Boe Rjjn+ tgj ldkj edg|jqd ldk Ikta ldld hmid etihj |odevj+ vjqt qdpoog |igoim+ tcdqdgiom y km |qmltiiog mk ogckld d|d mq|itkj'

Dg tg gopdk e ko|dqmqoj+ dk vjdem ld d|d ajkd|g

Eocqmiog + ldk ogijevmqmakd Vmakj Gdqtlm+ dxvkjqm dk vmombd dgjqomk y dejiojgmk ld km mpd }td eocqmgdg dk hdeodqoj tq ldld Ihokd+ vm ld jqocdg ldGdqtlm' Ldaj edgiojgmq }td |jlj kj vjdem ldGdqtlm dg kj |qd k|oej ajkd|ogd vqjidldg ld tgmemqmpokkjm ijkdiiog+Mq|d ld Vbmqjy*Mq| j Aoqly + }tddk vjd|m vtakoi dg =?84' Vmqm kj memg|d ld km mpd ykm vjdm+ d|d pjktedg d ety qdijedglmakd'

Vjq tvtd|j+ dg km polm hmy e }td eocqmiog+ y cqmg vmq|d ld d|d ajkd|g ogjqem jaqd mkolm+ vqjydi|j y dpdg|j vm|qjiogmlj j mvjymlj vjq dkIkta+ ldld tgm emqmpokkjm dxitqog m HmiodglmKm Meo|ml mk @d|opmk Dij%Itk|tqmk dg Ymg Po|j

jqcmgormlj vjq km JD\' _ gj d vodqlm km |ok qdpoogld km ctm ld mpd ld Ij|m Qoim+ tgm mi|tmkormiogjaqd dk vqjydi|j ld km \jqqd ldk Ljdk }td d|

qdioaodglj imlm pdr d| e idqim ld ijgpdq|oqddg tgm qdmkolml y dk ogjqed jaqd dk vqjydi|j ldejgo|jqdj ld mpd ldk Ikta'

Kj }td ed kkdpm ld qdcqdj (-/ m km eocqmiog' Gjvtdlj qdo|oq gj|mq }td etihj ld gtd|qj eodeaqje mi|opj+ gj qdoldg|d+ gj jg ety lodqdg|d ld kmdvdiod eocqm|jqom+ }td atimg kj ikolj vkmidqdld gtd|qm d|miog dim |qjvoimk vmqm dimvmq ldk qjldk ogpodqgj ld Meqoim ldk Gjq|d' M ldioq pdqlmlmkctgj ld gjj|qj eodeaqj qdoldg|d hdejpjkmlj vmqm loqt|mq ld vmq|d ld imo itmk}todq vjimldk mj dg km |odqqm }td gj poj gmidqy e mkk' Vdqjodevqd d|mej mcqmldiolj m qdcqdmq'

Yjaqd kmy imqmi|dqy|oimy loco|mkdy ldk ajkd|Dk |dx|j }td dy| ytaqmmlj mrtk kd ogloim }dy| qdkmiojgmlj ijg j|qm vmq|d ldk ajkd|g j yo|oj sda+ yo dy| ijgdi|mlj m Og|dqgd|' Yo etdk itqyjq yjaqd tgm kocm ijgpodq|d dk itqyjq dg tvd}tdm emgj' Hmcm tg ikoin dg tgm kocm d oq m

kjimkormiog' Kjy yo|ojy sda yd maqoqg dg dk atyimld yt ijevt|mljqm> dk ajkd|g vdqemgdidq maod

dg km vcogm }td dy|mam kddglj' GTDPJ- Pl

Mtloj2 Vtdld dgijg|qmq tg mpoyj ld ydctqol}td yjkoio|m vdqeoyj vmqm }td kjy pldjy j|mloiojgdy og|dqmi|opmy yd mi|opdg' Aty}td tgm amld ogloimiojgdy dg km vmq|d ytvdqojq ld km pdg|mldk ljitedg|j' Yo dgitdg|qm j|qjy dqqjqdy+ dyiMtlm7Atyimq mi|tmkormiojgdy mhjqm (Hdkv7Ihd`jq tvlm|dy gjs/ vmqm mi|tmkormq dk yj`|smqd Qdmldq'


3/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

Mqdm gdmq Ymg Cmaqodk+ Ijy|m Qoim+ shdqd Emqij gmqqjsdl hoy ydmqih jq\tqnd Ptk|tqd H14' Vhj|j2 Emqij Ymajqj

@DM\TQD MQ\OIKD MQ\ITKJ LD @JGLJ

M Ptk|tqdy \mkda Emqij Ymajqj my |jkl |j Hmqq Htkk>

so|h mllo|ojgmk em|dqomk `qje I' Y|tmq|

Hjty|jg mgl `qje |hd \tqnd Ptk|tqd

\qminogc Vqjbdi|

O|kk ad kond kjjnogc jq m gddlkd og mhmy|min' m| shm| I' Y|tmq| Hjt|jg moljg |hd vhjgd qje ho hjed og Ymnm|ihdsmg+Imgmlm+ shdg hd imkkdled jg =< Ldideadq 166

ijg em|dqomk dx|qm ld I' Y|tmq| Hjty|jg

ldk Vqjdi|j ld Ydctoeodg|j ldk Rjvokj|d

Imadioqqjbj

Ydq ijej atimq tgm mctbm dg tg vmbmq' Dj dkj }td lobj I' Y|tmq| Hjt|jg vjq |dkjgj ldld timm dg Ymnm|ihdsmg+ Imgml+itmglj ed kkme dk =< ldloiodeaqd ld 166< vologljed}td at}td tg rjvokj|d imadioqqjbjj rjgihoihd ldmvmqdiolj' Y|tmq|d tg ogpd|ocmljq ldk Vqjydi|j ldYdctoeodg|j ld Rjgihoihd ldYmnm|ihdsmg+ y ldk Vqjydi|j ldEocqmiog ld Rjgihoihd ijg dlddg Hmsn Ejtg|mog+ Vdggykpmgom+

}td hm d|mlj mgokkmglj mpdeocqm|jqom dg Ymnm|ihdsmgldld =?


6/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

eo imqqj vmqm atimq dk mpd' Gj |tpoej xo|j atimgljdk ato|qd ijg tgm mg|dgm+ vdqj dgijg|qmej tg o|ojld ldimgj vmqm ato|qd idqim ld dm ijjqldgmlm+

lgljgj km dvdqmgrm ld }td gtd|qj rjgihoihdvtlodqm d|mq ijg dkkj'

Ld qdcqdj m imm+ dgpo tg edgmbd m Y|tmq|edgiojgmglj gtd|qm |djqm ld }td dk ato|qd |jlmpmvjlqm d|mq popj' Ddi|opmedg|d+ e |mqld dm gjihd+Y|tmq| gmkedg|d qdioao ijjqldgmlm ld m|ko|dej|qmglj ejpoeodg|j ldk mpd hmiom dk vtdakj ld YmgCmaqodk' Mk lm octodg|d+ ijg km gtdpm ijjqldgmlm+mk ld imm vmqm hmidq j|qj og|dg|j ld dgijg|qmq dk mpd'D|m pdr+ dk CVY ed kkdp m tgm gim ld im ljglddg|qdpo| m kj vqjvod|mqoj y ed lobdqjg }td jaqd tgmijkogm+ e mkk ld t imm+ hmam j|qj o|oj ld ldimgj

ld rjvokj|d' Ed lodqjg vdqeoj ld emgdbmq vjq kmgim vmqm kkdcmq kj e idqim vjoakd m km ijkogm+ vdqjdk imeogj gj ed midqi kj tiodg|d' Vdg }td hmamolj akj}tdmlj hm|m }td ed lo itdg|m }td dk imeogjld km gim dqm tg m|mbj mk vtdakj ld Ptdk|m ld Bjqij+ljgld mk m tgm imqqd|dqm vqogiovmk'

Yoctodglj dk imeogj+ dg tgm tdq|d itqpm dg kmimqqd|dqm vqogiovmk+ km d}topm ijkogm vjlm pdqd ldldmkcj m ijej tg eoqmljq' Vmqm dg|jgid ym dqm ety|mqld dg km emmgm+ y gj d tg atdg ejedg|j ldk lmvmqm dgijg|qmq kj rjvokj|d dg t ljqeo|jqoj' Vtd|j}td |dgcj vmqodg|d dg dm rjgm+ ldiol poo|mqkj yqdcqdmq m dd eoqmljq mk gmk ld km |mqld+ itmglj kj

ato|qd pjkpdqmg m t ktcmq ld ldimgj' Mkqdldljqld km itm|qj ld km |mqld+ emgdb ld ptdk|m mk eoqmljq'Ymk ldk imqqj y imeog hm|m dk ajqld ld km imqqd|dqm'Gj hmam vmmlj go tg eogt|j itmglj tg rjgihoihdpjk vqi|oimedg|d bt|j ldkmg|d ld e y m tgm mk|tqmkocdqmedg|d ogdqojq' Mvdgm |tpd |odevj ld dkdpmqeo aogitkj y pdq tgm aqokkmg|d mg|dgm }td jaqdmkmld km dvmklm ldk mpd mg|d ld }td dk mpd devdrmqm mlmq ptdk|m vmqm vmmq j|qm pdr' Ijqq mk imqqj y |jeeo iemqm' Vmqm eo majkt|j mjeaqj y ldkdo|d+ podk rjgihoihd pdgoq hmiom e j|qm pdr dg km vjoiogijqqdi|m vmqm vjldq pdq dk |qmgeojq y km mg|dgm dgt dvmklm' Imo |deakmglj+ lovmq tg vmq ld pdid

itmglj dk mpd vm tgm pdr e+ yddi|opmedg|d+ km j|j ej|qmqjgikmqmedg|d dk vbmqj y t mg|dgm'

Itmglj dkoredg|d kd vm kmatdgm gj|oiom m Y|tmq| e |mqlddd lm+ dctolj ld km j|j+ k

d|mam imo ogiqltkj' Yd hmamdgijg|qmlj km mctbm dg dk vmbmq-

Dvkjcj' Dk rjvokj|d H14d ejpo e |mqld tg vjijhmiom Ymg|omcj ld Vtqoimk+

Ij|m Qoim+ ljgld vm dkogpodqgj+ vdqemgdiodglj hm|mkm eocqmiog ld vqoempdqm hmiomdk gjq|d' Kj vqoedqj =66 neld t eocqmiog hmiom dk gjq|dtdqjg dk =9 ld maqok ld 1664+hmiom \okmqg dg dk gjqjd|d ld Ij|m Qoim+ tg lmldvt ld }td kj vqoedqj rjgihoihd eocqm|jqojkkdcmqmg m Ymnm|ihdsmg dm vqoempdqm' Vmqm dk 14ld emyj+ H14 kkdc mk tqd|d ld Gdaqmnm ljgld vdqemgdio+ vdqj mvmqdg|dedg|d etqo ld imtmldijgjiolm vjq mh ldk < ld btkoj'

Itmglj Y|tmq| ed vqdctg| iej ed vjlqm

@j|j |jemlm vjq Emqij ldk hmkig vdqdcqogj Koglm ejy|qmglj km mg|dgm'@j|j2 Emqij Ymajqj'

Km Ay}tdlm ld tg Hmkig' Ijej yo hmidq dk ydctoeodg|j ld tg ato|qd eocqm|jqoj dyvdiij gj tdqm

ytiodg|d+ imyo ljy mjy edloj ey |mqld+ Emqij kj horj j|qm pdr' Dg emj ld 1663+ Emqij yt ijkdcm+

Hdqgg Mqmm+ kjcqmqjg og|dqidv|mq m Koglm+ tg hmkig vdqdcqogj eocqm|jqoj }td hmam yolj d}tovmlj ijg

tg |qmgyeoyjq dy|mam yodglj qmy|qdmlj vjq dk Vqjdi|j Vdqdcqogj ld km Iqtr ldk Ytq+ ijg amyd dg kjy Dy|mljy

Tgoljy' Ijej ijg dk rjgihoihd H14+ Emqij `td imvmr ld |jemq `j|jy ld Koglm }td etdy|qmg ikmqmedg|d

km mg|dgm ldk |qmgyeoyjq

eodg|qmy vmymam vjq Ijy|m Qoim'

Dy|j `td ijgyoldqmlj ijej

tg vqoedq hoy|qoij vjq dk

Vqjdi|j Vdqdcqogj+ km vqoedqm

pdr }td mkctodg hmam jaydqpmlj+etihj edgjy `j|jcqmmlj+ tg

vdqdcqogj emqimlj eocqmglj

m |qmpy ld tg vmy' Hmcm ikoin

m}t vmqm miidldq m km hoy|jqom

ijevkd|m `j|jy dg dk yo|oj sda

ldk Vqjdi|j Vdqdcqogj ld km Iqtr

ldk Ytq ldyvkidyd hmiom mambj

hmy|m Koglm Ejpogc \hqjtch

Idg|qmk Medqoim (Koglm

Ejpogljyd m \qmpy ld Meqoim

Idg|qmk/'

vmcmq vjq eo mytlm+ imo aqjedmglj kd lobd }tdvjlm ogpo|mqed m tgm qdamgmlm ld |jq|m ld amymld Ymnm|jjg+ tg ldkoiojj vj|qd }td ijgji mk poo|mq dm iotlml tgj mj mg|d' M gmkd lddgdqj ld 1664+ vjij ldvt ld }td ed dgijg|qijg H14+ qdioa tgm kkmemlm ld Edkmgod Dkkoj||+

}todg lobj dq meocm ld Y|tmq| y }td mimamam ldkkdcmq m Ij|m Qoim ijg tg cqtvj ld jadqpmljqdld mpd ld Ymnm|jjg' Lobj }td |dgm mkcj vmqm e'Km dgijg|q dg dk Hj|dk Jiioldg|mk \jqqdejkogj

ljgld ed dg|qdc tg qmij ld km maqjm bmkdm ldamym ld Ymnm|jjg' \jlmpm |dgcj km bmqqm pmimijej qditdqlj'

Qd`dqdgiomy

@j|j |jemlm vjq Emqij ldk rjvokj|d imadioqqjbj H14 ejy|qmglj dk |qmgyeoyjqld qmloj km mg|dgm yjaqd yt dyvmklm' @j|j2 Emqij Ymajqj'

Mqdm idqim ld Ymg Cmaqodk+ Ijy|m Qoim+ ljgld Emqij dgijg|q j|jcqmdk H14' @j|j2 Emqij Ymajqj
http://frgroup.frg.org/search/label/%22Linda%22?updated-max=2007-06-14T10%3A39%3A00-07%3A00&max-results=20http://frgroup.frg.org/search/label/%22Linda%22?updated-max=2007-06-14T10%3A39%3A00-07%3A00&max-results=20http://-/?-http://-/?-http://frgroup.frg.org/search/label/%22Linda%22?updated-max=2007-06-14T10%3A39%3A00-07%3A00&max-results=20


7/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

Mpomg Ejgo|jqogc Vqjbdi|2 Eoy| Gd||ogc Hochkoch|y `jq Emqih & Mtcty| 16=6a Mkoyjg Jkopodqo

d eo| gd||ogc iqds hml m htcd tqvqod jgd ejqgogc m| |hd Emqihdojgm Amqqdl @jqd|%@mkijg sm imtch| og m gd| m| @ogim Yjm- Jdgaoql j |ho ord mqd makd |j qdd |hdedkpd moqky }toinky m |hdy qmqdky cd|

qeky dg|mgckdl og jgcaoql%ord gd|+ at| |hd amgldq sdqd ktiny so|h |hoadmt|otk emkd aoql' Shokd |hd gd |qovd miqj ho ihd| kjjndl m |hjtch|hdy hml addg vmog|dlso|h m |ogy+ ldkoim|d aqth+ho ydkkjs idqd (miqj|hd aokk/ mgl jqao|mk nog(mqjtgl |hd dyd/ cmpdhoe m dqjiojt kjjn' _jtimg qdml ejqd majt| |ho|tggogc aoql og |ho otd@dm|tqdl Aoql mq|oikd'

Og|dqd|ogcky+ |hoEmqih dojg qdijqldl

dsdq |j|mk vdiod06|hmg |hd vqdpojt |sj Emqih dojg (36 og 166? mgl 31 og 1668/ at|mg ogiqdmdl gteadq j oglopoltmk aoql amgldl2 913 qdijqldl og 16=6(133 qdoldg|+ 46 eocqmg|/ ijevmqdl |j 1?1 og 166? (1


8/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

Vqjdi|j ld Ejgo|jqdj ld Mpdy2 M|qmi|opjy ld Emqrj Mcjy|j 16=6vjq Mkoyjg Jkopodqo

Dk d}tovj ld ijkdi|m dg qdld ld godakm |tpj tgm dgjqed jqvqdm tgmemmgm dg km dog ld emqrjtg hmkig ld aj}td amqqd|dmlj imy dgtgm qdl dg @ogim Yjm- M edgtlj+ km mpd ld d|d |memj jg imvmid

ld koadqmqd am|mg|d qvolj+ ym }td qmqm pdr d dgqdlmg qededg|d dg kmqdld vmqm mpd e vd}tdm+ vdqj gtd|qjmgokkmljqd |tpodqjg tdq|d ijg d|d hdqejjdbdevkmq emitkogj' Eodg|qm }td km gmqmym ld t vdihj vmqdimg hmadq oljvog|mlm ijg tg vogidk vd}tdj y ldkoimlj+t idqm memqokkm (ld tg kmlj m j|qj ldk voij/ y t vodk jqao|mk (mkqdldljq ld kj jbj/ kdijgdqmg tgm eoqmlm dqjr' T|dl vtdldkddq e midqim ld d|m oevqdojgmg|d mpd dgdk mq|itkj ldk Mpd Ld|mimlm ld d|m dloiog'

Itqojmedg|d+ km dog ld d|d emqrjqdco|q tg |j|mk edgjq ld dvdiod06

}td km lj dojgd ld emqrj mg|dqojqd (36dg 166? y 31 dg 1668/ vdqj tg mtedg|j dgdk gedqj ld mpd oglopoltmkd mgokkmlm2913 qdco|qmlm dg 16=6 (133 qdoldg|d+ 46eocqm|jqom/ dg ijevmqmiog ijg 1?1 dg166? (1


9/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

Eocqm|ojga Vmakj Gdqtlm\qmgykm|dl a Bmin Yiheo||+ qjeMq| j` Aoqly+ a Vmakj

Gdqtlm (Tgopdqyo| j` \dxmy Vqdyy+ Mty|og =?84/

Eocqmiogvjq Vmakj Gdqtlm

Mkk lmy+ ijkteg mdq ijkteg+m }tmlqjg j dm|hdq+m t||dqogc moqajqgdhoviqjdl|hd |ogy oggo|yj |hd sogljs shdqd O dmqih+}td|ojg+ sjqn+ jadqpd+ smo|'

d |jsdq j mglmgl emqogd vmid

bjog |hdqd+ ijevqodjgc+ ejpdedg|'

Majpd+ |hd ny tgjkl'

Yj o| sm2 vmkvo|m|ogc+hmqv qoch| mgckd vmdlhdmlogc gjq|hsmql+ sd|smql+|jsmql jvdg vmid+|jsmql |hd |mq+|jsmql |hd voqd j mk| mgl jko|tld

shdqd |hd dm im| o| ikjin |j |hd sogl'

O| sm mg mgckd j aoql|ddqogc jq|hm| km|o|tld j oqjg mgl gjs+ogdxjqmaky mlpmgiogc mkjgc|hdoq qdi|okogdmq qjml2|hd nyajqgd gteadqds so|h |hd htgcqy qdi|o|tldj m sdkk%moedl mqqjs+ sogcogc|hdoq smy |j vqjiqdm|d+ jqedl

ay tqcdg| kjpd mgl c djed|qy'O ndv| kjjnogc m mq m|hd dyd ijtkl dd mgl msgj|hogc at| jqldqky och|+|hd etk|o|tld j sogc mcmog| |hd sogl2O ms dqdgo|y etk|ovkodlog |hm| |qmgvmqdg| hdeovhdqdiqjdl ay |hd jaitqd ldioojgj |hjd aoql og |hd qemedg|'

O ms jgky |hd ysmy'

Mkk qdemogdl idkd|omk'

At| mejgc |hd |hqjgc j aoql

hjeogc jq |hdoq ld|ogm|ojgjin mdq jin nd|ihdl jt||qomgctkmq

poi|jqodtgo|dl ay |hd pjoid j m ogckd och|+ay |hd tgo|y j qd+ay akjjl+ay |hoq|+ ay htgcdq+ay |hd ijkl+ay |hd vqdimqojt lmy |hm| sdv|adjqd adogc smkkjsdl ay goch|+ay |hd dqj|oi tqcdgiy j kod2|hd tgo|y j aoqlds|jsmql |hd |jj|hkd akmin ijm|+

\jlj dk lm tgm kgdm y j|qm kgdm+tg ditmlqg ld vktem+tg gmpj

vmkvo|mam dg dk moqd+

m|qmpdmam dk vd}tdj oggo|jld km pdg|mgm ldld ljgld atij+og|dqqjcj+ |qmambj+ midihj+ mctmqlj'

Km |jqqd ld km mqdgmy dk dvmioj emqogjd tgdg mkk+ qdtdkpdgdk img|j+ dk ejpoeodg|j'

Dgioem d maqd dk iodkj'

Dg|jgid m td2 qdi|m+ mctlm+vmkvo|mg|d+ vmmqjghmiom lgld: Hmiom dk Gjq|d+ hmiom dkJd|d+hmiom km ikmqolml+

hmim km d|qdkkm+hmiom dk vdg ld jkdlml y mkljgld dk emq ldamqm|m t qdkjbd'

Dqm tg gctkj ld mpdloqocolmm}tdkkm km|o|tl ld hodqqj y godpd}td mpmgrmamog |qdctmdg t imeogj qdi|okgdj2dqm km ldpjqmg|d qdi|o|tlld tgm dihm dpoldg|d+kj gedqj ldk iodkj }td pombmamgm vqjiqdmq jqemlj

vjq oevdqojj mejq y cdjed|qm'

_j ed devd dg eoqmq hm|m vdqldqkj jbj y gj hd po|jogj dk jqldg ldk ptdkj+km etk|o|tl ldk mkm ijg|qm dk podg|j2

po km dqdgolml etk|ovkoimlmvjq m}tdk hdeodqoj |qmgvmqdg|diqtrmlj vjq km jitqm ldioogld m}tdkkm mpd dg dk qemedg|j'

Gj po ogj dk imeogj'

\jlj octo idkd|d'

Vdqj dg km etihdlteaqd ld km mpdqdi|m m t ld|ogjtgm amglmlm y j|qm loatbmamg

poi|jqom|qomgctkmqdtgolm vjq km pjr ld tg jkj ptdkj+

vjq km tgolml ldk tdcj+vjq km mgcqd+vjq km dl+ vjq dk hmeaqd+vjq dk qj+vjq dk vqdimqoj lm }td kkjqmammg|d ld dq |qmcmlj vjq km gjihd+

vjq km dq|oim tqcdgiom ld km polm2km tgolml ld kj vbmqj

pjkmamhmiom km ldldg|mlm ij|m gdcqm+

vdmij etdq|j+ okm memqokkm+ljgld dk jk ltqm e }td t bjqgmlm

@DM\TQDL AOQL

Amqqdl @jqdy|%@mkijg2 Mpd2 @mkijgojqed

2 @mkijgolmd2 Eoiqm|tq

* 2 Eoiqm|tq qtijkko

a Cdqmkl Qjlqo}tdr |qmgykm|ojg a Boe RjjnU

Jg Emqih 14+ 16=6 ltqogc m YPAI amglogc dojg m| @ogim Yjm+ sdimtch| m Amqqdl @jqd|%@mkijg' O| sm pdqy tgttmk mgl iqdm|dl etih tqvqodmgl dej|ojg jq mkk'

o admt|otk aoql adkjgc |j |hd jqldq @mkijgojqed+ meoky @mkijgolmd+mgl vdiod Eoiqmy|tq qt`ijkkoy+ mgl hm |hd ijeejg gmed Amqqdl @jqd|%@mkijg (hmkig ld ejg|d amqqd|dmlj og Yvmgoh/' O| sm q| ldiqoadl qjem vdioedg |mndg og Aqmok mYvmqoty qt`ijkkoy ay Podokkj| og=8=3 ^Gjtp' Loi|' Ho|' Gm|'(gjtp' l'/ =62 911U+ at| |hm|gmed o gj kjgcdq tdl'

Amqqdl @jqd|%@mkijg qd%}tdg| hteol vqoemqy mgldijglmqy jqd| m sdkk m mqdmj ldgd pdcd|m|ojg og ejqdjvdg hmao|m|' dy hmpd hjq|sogc mgl kjgc |mok shoih mkkjs|hde |j y |hqjtch |mgckdljqd| tgldq|jqy so|h cqdm|mcoko|y' Htg|ogc vqogiovmkky aymeath+ |hdoq emog vqdy |dgl|j ad emkk aoql' dy jdg vqdy jg yjtgc aoql |hm| hmpd

qdidg|ky kd |hd gd| mgl sokkmkj jkkjs eoxdl vdiod jinmgl |mnd mgy aoql gj| vmyogcm||dg|ojg' Og mllo|ojg |hdy dm|am|+ emkk qjldg|+ kormql mgl j|hdq emkk qdv|okd+ mgl kmqcd ogdi|'

M jq |hdoq qdvqjlti|ojg+ |hdy vkmid |hdoq gd| og m |qdd hjkkjs'Ltqogc |hd q| hjtq j |hd ejqgogcjdg sdkk adjqd tgqodmgl

og |hd km| koch| j lmy+ |hdy sokk y tv og|j |hd ta%imgjvy mgl imkk qje mijgidmkdl vdqih'

Og Ij|m Qoim |hd Amqqdl @jqd|%@mkijg o jtgl ej|ky og jqd|dl rjgdjg |hd Imqoaadmg mgl jt|h Vmioi kjvd tv |j majt| =846 e og dkdpm|ojg' O|o m moqky ijeejg qmv|jq at| jdg cjd tggj|oidl' Og cdgdqmk o| o ejqd jdghdmql |hmg ddg'

\j hdmq |hd yjgc j` |hd Amqqdl @jqdy|%@mkijg+ ikoin jg |hd vhj|j majpd'Ikoin hdqd `jq hdkv' Yjtgl qdijqlogc a Lmpol Aqmlkd m| Pjkig Kmndy+ Ihoqo}t+ Vmgme'

Lol jt ngjs:

Amqqdl @jqdy|%@mkijgy `jkkjs mqe mg| ysmqey |j im|ih vqd |hm| |hd

mg|y tyh'

A vqdlm|ogc jg yemkk aoqly og eoxdl yvdiody jiny |hd mqd vmq|oiovm|ogc

og m ijevkdx yy|de j` gm|tqmk ydkdi|ojg a qdejpogc yoin jq ogbtqdl

aoqly gj| | `jq |hd ytqpopmk j` |hd yvdiody'

M |j|mkk m|%dmyd Btkod Coqmql so|h Amqqdl @jqdy|%@mkijg imv|tqdl m| @ogim Yj`m ltqogc Emqiheoy| gd||ogc ydyyojg' Vhj|j2 Gmgi Gdkyjg
http://-/?-http://-/?-


10/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

Vmakj Gdqtlm (=?6


12/26


14/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

Tvlm|d jg |hd Imgjv\jsdq Vqjbdi|a Mkoyjg Jkopodqo

Oe vkdmdl |j qdvjq| |hm| sd mqd sdkk jg jtqsmy |j |hd jqocogmk ,96+666 cjmk+ og vkdlcd mgl

kdml co+ jq |hd Imgjvy \jsdq mgl mqd gjs og|hd vqjid j jkoio|ogc aol jq ijg|qti|ojg j|ho tgo}td vqjbdi|' Gddlkd |j my+ o| o m pdqydxio|ogc |oed-

Og ikjd ijgtk|m|ojg so|h |hd |m` m| KmIqtid+ sdpd emld m ijgiojt ldioojg |j nddvijg|qti|ojg j |ho vqjbdi| kjimk |j tq|hdqjtq cjmk |j hdkv |hd dijgjey j Ymg Po|j mgldgpoqjg shdgdpdq vjoakd'

M ej| j yjt ngjs+ |hd ldvqddldijgjeod j |hd TY mgl Dtqjvd mkj mlpdqdkym`di| |hd dijgjey j Ij|m Qoimmgl YmgPo|jog pmqojt smy+ ogiktlogc |hd oevmi|

j dsdq |jtqo| poo|jq' Mk|hjtch |hd YPAIo emkk mgl qdej|d+ sd mqd dpdq eogltk j jtqkjimk ijeetgo|y mgl adkodpd |ho ijg|qti|ojg

vqjbdi|+ og o| ejld| smy+ sokk hdkv kjimkatogdd mgl vqjpold jqdky%gddldl bja'

Mgl gjs |j yjtq vmq|2 o yjt hmpd gj| emldm vkdlcd jq copdg m co |j |hd Imgjvy \jsdqVqjbdi|+ GJS o |hd |oed-

Sd sjtkl pdqy etih kond |j ogiktld yjtqgmed og jgd j jtq Ljgjq Im|dcjqod adkjs+dmih ldvoi|ogc m imgjvy vdiomko| aoql |hm| sd

mqd kondky |j dgijtg|dq jgid jtq \jsdq o atok|2

Jqgm|d Hmsn%Dmckd co`|y j` ,4+666.

\tq}tjoyd Ij|ogcm co`|y j` ,=+666.

Cqddg Yhqond%Poqdj co`|y j` ,466.

Cjkldg%aqjsdl Ihkjqjvhjgom co`|y j` ,=66.

Sho|d%iqdy|dl Ij}td||d mkk j|hdq co`|y

Vkdmd emnd yjtq ljgm|ojg |jlmy- Sqo|d jtyjtq ihdin |j2 J\Y @tgl


16/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

Ajjn Qdpodsy2 \hd \hqdd Ijg|dgldqya Mkoyjg Jkopodqo

M Ctold |j |hd Aoqly j` Ijy|m Qoim ay @' Cmqy Y|okd mgl Mkdxmgldq Ynt|ih(Ijqgdkk Tgopdqo|y Vqd+ =?8?/

\d Aoqly j` Ijy|m Qoim2 M @odkl Ctold ay Qoihmql Cmqqoctd mgl Qjadq|Ldmg (Ijqgdkk Tgopdqo|y Vqd+ 1663/

M Ctold |j |hd Aoqly j` Vmgmem (so|h Ijy|m Qoim+ Goimqmctm mgl

Hjgltqmy/+ Ydijgl Dlo|ojg ay Qjadq| Y' Qolcdky mgl Bjhg M' Csyggd+ Bq'(Vqogid|jg Tgopdqo|y Vqd+ =?8?/

@oq| vqog|dl og =?8?+M Ctold |j |hd Aoqly j` Ijy|m Qoim ay @' Cmqy Y|okd mglMkdxmgldq Ynt|ih+ o ijeejgky qddqqdl |j m Y|okd & Ynt|ih jq oevky d Aoakday gdmqky dpdqy dqojt aoqldq og Ij|m Qoim' O| sm |hd q| |qtd dkl ctold j mgyijtg|qy |j ogiktld gj| jgky oldg|oim|ojg mol (so|h vkm|d mgl lqmsogc ay LmgmCmqlgdq/ at| mkj |dx| |hm| ijpdqdl vhyoimk+ pjoid+ hmao| mgl gd| ldiqov|ojg+og%ijtg|qy |m|t+ vjvtkm|ojg qmgcd mgl vdiomk gj|d' Jgd img oemcogd |hd mqey

j jqgo|hjkjco|+ qddmqihdq+ |tldg| mgl aoqlsm|ihdq shj |qmskdl |ho emkkijtg|qy 96 ydmq mcj+ gj|ogc tih ld|mok m dcc ijkjq mgl dmjgmk ejpdedg| |ho adjqd |hd og|dqgd|+ idkk vhjgd mgl CVY d}tovedg|' (d mingjskdlcdedg|jtgl og |ho ajjn mqd |hd majkt|d Shj Shj j |qjvoimk aoqlogc og |hd Sd|dqgHdeovhdqd'/

Ldvo|d dpdqmk vqog|ogc mgl tvlm|dl |dx| jpdq |hd ydmq+ jed j |hd |dx| mgl|mxjgjey qdemog jt|lm|dl' Hjsdpdq+ jq ey ejgdy+ |hd Yvmgoh kmgctmcd pdqojg+vtakohdl og 1663 ay OGAoj j Ij|m Qoim+ o o| ej| oevjq|mg| mlpmgid'

Ao||dq ijevkmog| hmpd addg kjlcdl majt| |hd ajjn qm|hdq m| mgl ihdem|oivkm|d+ at| |hd ldmg j dkl ctold aoql lqmsogc og |hd TY+ Qjcdq \jqy Vd|dqjg+ ooeokmqky ctok|y' M so|h emgy dkl ctold+ |hd vkm|d mqd cqjtvdl |jcd|hdq og |hdidg|dq j |hd ajjn+ mgl o| img ad m vmog |j hmpd |j ov amin mgl jq|h ad|sddg |hd

|dx| ldiqov|ojg mgl |hd vkm|d ldvoi|ojg j m aoql' Yjed |dmq jt| |hd vkm|d di|ojgmgl hmpd o| dvmqm|dky ajtgl jq td og |hd dkl'Yteemq2 |hoy oy m qdyvdi|dl+ sdkk%kjpdl ajjn |hm| sdochy gdmqk m vjtgl

mgl edmytqdy ? x 0 x 1+ tgyto|makd `jq m `mgg vmin jq m vjind| at|

ogloyvdgymakd `jq |hd sdmk|h j` ngjskdlcd o| ijg|mogy+ gj| jgk majt| dmih

mgl ddq aoql og |hd ijtg|q at| majt| |hd ijtg|q o|ydk`'

Qoihmql Cmqqoctd mgl Qjadq| Ldmg vqjltidl m etih%ldoqdl dkl ctold og1663%%\d Aoqly j` Ijy|m Qoim2 M @odkl Ctold%%so|h admt|otk+ qoih%kjjnogc vkm|dkjim|dl ijgpdgodg|ky jg |hd vmcd jvvjo|d |hd |dx|tmk ldiqov|ojg j |hd aoqlldvoi|dl m sdkk m sjgldqtk qmgcd emv gdx| |j dmih vdiod miijtg|M. jq|hdd oevqjpdedg|- o o m ajjn yjt img }tddrd og|j yjtq vmg| vjind| mglhmpd m| |hd qdmly og |hd dkl' Gjs+ o kond ed+ yjtpd tdl |hd Y|okd & Ynt|ih ctold

jq m rokkojg ydmq+ |hd }td|ojg o2 img yjt gl |hd aoql yjt |hogn yjt mqd kjjnogc m|:d Cmqqoctd & Ldmg ajjn+ tgldq|mglmaky+ jkkjs |mxjgjeoi tvlm|d |hm| vt|+

jq dxmevkd+ dtvhjgom mdq akminaoql mgl amgmgm}to| og mg tgidq|mog |m|tCqtevy mid miijevmgy m||dev| m| }toin dmqihd togc |hd |mxjgjeoi jqldq jjkl> ikdmqky dpdqyjgd togc |ho ajjn gddl |hd ihdm|%hdd| ogldx vmcd ijevokdl ayEq' Cmqqoctd |hm| img ad vm|dl og|j |hd amin j |hd ajjn'

Ijevkmog| hmpd addg jpdqhdmql majt| jed j |hd vkm|d+ og vmq|oitkmq |hdAktd%cqmy \mgmcdq+ Y|qovdl%hdmldl Aqth%@ogih+ Jqmgcd%aokkdl Goch|ogcmkd

qth> at| |hd akmed jq |ho hjtkl ad kmol loqdi|ky m| |hd ljjq|dv j Rjg\qjvoimk+ |hdajjn vtakohdq' M mq ejqd dqojt ijevkmog|2 gj Yvmgoh pdqojgQdvjglogc |j m qdidg| og}toqy+ jgd j |hd mt|hjq sm hdmql |j et||dq+ O sjtklghjkl ey aqdm|h'

Yteemq2 emvy mgl yord mqd kjgc%msmo|dl mlmgidy+ mgl o|y ym`d |j ym

|hoy oy |hd ejy| ijeejgk tydl dkl ctold og |hd ijtg|q qoch| gjs' O|y

ogloyvdgymakd `jq mg aoqlogc |qov+ mgl o` koy|ogc oy jtq jgk cmed+ o|y |hd

jgk jgd jt gddl'

@oq| vtakohdl og =?30+ M Ctold |j |hd Aoqly j` Vmgmem+ ay Qjadq| YQolcdky mgl Bjhg M' Csyggd+ Bq'+ o mg dpdg dmqkodq mgl ogiqdloaky ijevqdhdgopdctold' d vkm|d mgl lqmsogc mqd kopdkodq mgl aqoch|dq |hmg |hjd jtgl og Y|okd& Ynt|ih+ |hmgn |j |hd |mkdg|dl Eq' Csyggd' M tad}tdg| dlo|ojg+ vtakohdl

og =?8?%%ogiktlogc doch| vkm|d j aoql jtgl og Ij|m Qoim+ Goimqmctm mglHjgltqm%%o qjt|ogdky aqjtch| mkjgc jg Ij|m Qoimg aoqlogc |qov jq vqjakdem|ooldg|oim|ojg j ijgtogc cqjtv kond yim|ihdq mgl hteeogcaoql shdgijevmqojg j ta|kd lo|ogi|ojg img yodkl tiid'

Ijevmqdl |j Y|okd & Ynt|ih+ hjsdpdq+ |ho ajjn hm kd ld|mokdl ogjqem|ojgjg dmih vdiod> mgl o| o jed|oed amogc |j kjim|d cqjtv' @jq dxmevkd+ qmok mqdjtgl jg Vkm|d =+ 9 mgl at|+ mcmog+ gj| jq |hd smo|%vmin iqjsl' Og|dml+ o| ad| qdold so|hY|okd & Ynt|ih og |hd amin dm| jq og |hd qddqdgid koaqmqy m| hjed'

Yteemq2 gjs |hm| sd hmd Cmqqoctdy & Ldmg+ Vmgmem sokk vqjamak

ad ijgytk|dl kdyy jdg' At| hdqd oy |hd noindq2 o` jt mqd aoqlogc og Ymg

Po|j jq mgshdqd dkyd og yjt|hdqg Ijy|m Qoim+ jt sokk y|okk gddl |hoy

ctold' Og qdidg| |oedy+ sdd hml Vmgmemgomg aoqly ogiktlogc Iqdy|dl

Jqjvdgltkm+ Sm||kdl Bmimgm+ Qty|%emqcogdl @kim|ihdq+ Ymmggm

Hmsn+ Vdmqk No|d mgl Pdqmctmg Emgcjykovvogc miqjyy |hd ajqldq+ mgl

hdqd oy shdqd |hdqd yvj||dl qy|'

Lol O edg|ojg vqoid: O| mg dpdg lqms> mkk ij| ,9694 og |hd TY mgl ejqd ogIj|m Qoim'

Og ijgiktyojg2 mkk ldloim|dl aoqldq gddl aj|h Y|okd & Ynt|ih mgl Cmqqoctd &Ldmg m| m eogoete' Mgl+ o yjt kopd og jq |qmpdk |hqjtch |hd jt|hdqg rjgd+ yjtlad| hmpd m ijvy j |hd Ydijgl Dlo|ojg jM Ctold |j |hd Aoqly j` Vmgmem so|h

yjt+ |jj'

Mgj|hdq Vmgmem aoql ajjn majt| |j hm|ih

Mgj|hdq aoql ctold |j Vmgmem\hd Aoqly j` Vmgmem2 M @odkl Ctoldoy |j

ad vtakoyhdl |hoy Ji|jadq my vmq| j` |hd Ijqgdkk Tgopdqyo| Vqdyyy gm|tqmk hoy|jq

ydqody shoih ogiktldy aj|h |hd Y|okdy & Ynt|ih mgl Cmqqoctdy & Ldmg ctoldy' So|h

|dx| a Cdjqcd Mgcdhq+ jgd j` |hd ejy| vqjeogdg| mt|hjqo|ody jg aoqly og |hm|

ijtg|q+ mgl okkty|qm|ojgy a Qjadq| Ldmg+ |hd ijgyteem|d mq|oy| shjyd vkm|dy

cqmid\hd Aoqly j` Ijy|m Qoim2 M @odkl Ctold+ |hoy ctold sokk vt| m kj| j` devhmyoy

jg |hd ytayvdiody |hm| mqd jtgl og Vmgmem+ yjed|hogc |hm| Qolcdk & Csggdy

\hd Ctold |j |hd Aoqly j` Vmgmem amqdk |jtihdy jg' Miijqlogc |j Qjadq|+ shj

hmy addg m cjjl qodgl |j |hd aoql ikta my sdkk my mg hjgjqmq edeadq+ |hd ctold

sokk ad majt| =66 vmcdy kjgcdq+ mgl og m ykoch|k kmqcdq `jqem|+ |hmg hoy Ijy|m

Qoim ajjnemogk |j miijeejlm|d mkk |hd qmgcd emvy `jq m ijtg|q my kjgc

my Vmgmemat| sokk gj| ad my kmqcd my |hd Qolcdk & Csggd ajjn' Qjadq| hmy

vt| m kj| j` djq| og|j emnogc ytqd hoy aoql vkm|dy sokk |qmgykm|d miitqm|dk og|j

vqog|+ mksmy m aoc ihmkkdgcd shdg vqdioyd ijkjq qdglo|ojg oy mg oyytd' Adimtyd

jtq ijqgdq j` Ijy|m Qoim oy yj ikjyd |j Vmgmem+ sd dxvdi| |hoy ctold |j adijed

mgj|hdq pmktmakd mllo|ojg |j jtq aoqlogc koaqmq' Sd dxvdi| dmcdqk msmo| o|y

mqqopmk-
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17/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

Qdpoyog ld Koaqjy2 Kjy \qdy Ijg|dgljqdyvjq Mkoyjg Jkopodqo

M Ctold |j |hd Aoql j` Ij|m Qoim vjq @' Cmqy Y|okd y Mkdxmgldq Ynt|ih(Ijqgdkk Tgopdqo|y Vqd+ =?8?/

\d Aoql j` Ij|m Qoim2 M @odkl Ctoldvjq Qoihmql Cmqqoctd y Qjadq|Ldmg (Ijqgdkk Tgopdqo|y Vqd+ 1663/

M Ctold |j |hd Aoql j` Vmgmem (ijg Ij|m Qoim+ Goimqmctm y

Hjgltqm/+ Ydctglm Dloiog vjq Qjadq| Y' Qolcdky y Bjhg M' Csyggd+ Bq'(Vqogid|jg Tgopdqo|y Vqd+ =?8?/

Oevqdj vjq vqoedqm pdr dg =?8?+ km Ctm ld Mpdy ld Ijy|m Qoim vjq @' Cmqy Y|okd

y Mkdxmgldq Ynt|ih+ d ijgjiolj ijej Y|okd y Ynt|ih j oevkdedg|d km Aoakom vjq

imo imlm memg|d dqoj ld km mpd dg Ij|m Qoim' @td km vqoedqm ctm ld imevj qdmk ld

itmk}todq vm }td ogiktyd gj kj mytlm ld oldg|oimiog (ijg keogm y loatbj ld

Lmgm Cmqlgdq/+ ogj |meaog |dx|j }td ogiktyd ldiqoviojgd oim+ ld pjr+ hao|j y

golj+ dky|m|ty dg dk vm+ eao|j ld vjakmiog y gj|m dvdiomkd' Tgj vtdld oemcogmq dk

dbqio|j ld jqgo|kjcj+ ogpd|ocmljqd+ d|tlomg|d y jadqpmljqd ld mpd }td qm|qdmqjg

d|d vd}tdj vm hmid 96 mj+ jadqpmglj ld|mkkd |mkd ijej ijkjqd ld kj htdpj y

ejpoeodg|j d|miojgmkd |jlj d|j mg|d ld km og|dqgd|+ |dkjgj idktkmqd y d}tovj

ld CVY' (Kj qdijgjioeodg|j }td d dgitdg|qmg dg d|d koaqj jg dk majkt|j ]tog d

]tog ld km jadqpmiog ld mpd |qjvoimkd dg dk hdeodqoj jiioldg|mk/

M vdmq ld pmqom qddloiojgd y km mi|tmkormiog ldk |dx|j ltqmg|d kj mj+ mkctgj ld

kj |dx|j y |mxjgjem octdg odglj jajkd|j' Yog deamqcj+ vjq eo logdqj+ km pdqog

dg dvmjk+ vtakoimlm dg 1663 vjq dk OGAoj ld Ij|m Qoim+ d t mpmgid e oevjq|mg|d'

Yd hmg vqddg|mlj etihm }tdbm midqim ld keogm am|mg|d oevkd y d}tde|oim

ldk koaqj+ vdqj dk ldimgj ld kj loatbj ld mpd vmqm c tm ld imevj dg kj D|mlj Tgolj+

Qjcdq \jqy Vd|dqjg+ d octmkedg|d itkvmakd' Mk octmk }td etihm ctm ld imevj+ km

keogm d mcqtvmg dg dk idg|qj ldk koaqj+ y vtdld dq tgm ejkd|om |dgdq }td pjk|dmq hmiom

mldkmg|d y hmiom m|q dg|qd dk |dx|j ldiqov|opj y km keogm qdvqddg|m|opm ld tg vbmqj'

Mkctgm vdqjgm mqqmgimg km diiog ld keogm y kj devm|mg vjq dvmqmlj vmqm t tjdg dk imevj'

Qdytedg2 dy|d dy tg koaqj qdyvd|mlj mljqmlj> vdym imyo edloj nokj eold

19 x =4'4 x 9 ie+ kj }td kj hmid gj mv|j vmqm tgm ajkym ld iog|tqm j dk

ajkyokkj+ vdqj yo ogloyvdgymakd vjq km qo}tdrm ld ijgjioeodg|jy }td ijg|odgd+

gj ykj yjaqd |jlmy imlm tgm ld mdy dg dk vmy+ yogj |meaog yjaqd dk

vqjvoj vmy'

Qoihmql Cmqqoctd y Qjadq| Ldmg vqjltbdqjg dg 1663 km |mg lddmlm ctm ld

imevj Kmy Mpdy ld Ijy|m Qoim2 Tgm Ctm ld Imevjijg hdqejm y m|qmi|opm

keogm taoimlm ijgpdgodg|dedg|d dg km vcogm qdg|d m km ldiqoviojgd ld km mpd

qdvqddg|mlm+ m ijej tgm emqmpokkjm cmem ld emvm btg|j m imlm dvdiodtg =66

vjq d|m edbjqm- Yd |qm|m ld tg koaqj }td d vtdld kkdpmq dg dk ajkokkj ldk vmg|mkg y m

tmqkj dg dk imevj' Mhjqm aodg+ o+ ijej yj+ hm t|okormlj km Ctm ld Y|okd y Ynt|ih vjqejg|jgd ld mj+ km vqdctg|m d2 vtdld t|dl dgijg|qmq dk mpd }td iqdd d|mq podglj:

Dk koaqj ld Cmqqoctd y Ldmg+ ijevqdgoakdedg|d+ octd mi|tmkormiojgd |mxjgeoim }t

vjgdg+ vjq dbdevkj+ m km dtjgom ldvt ld kj eoqkj y dk vogihmjq (amgmgm}to|y

dg tg y|m|ty ogiodq|j' Yd pdg km imqm oqqo|mlm dg imlm og|dg|j ld a}tdlm qvolm

t|okormglj dk jqldg |mxjgeoij mg|octj> ikmqmedg|d |jlj dk }td td d|d koaqj gdido|m

km vcogm ld gloid ld ajkokkj ijevokmlm vjq dk Yq' Cmqqoctd }td vtdld vdcmqd dg km

ijg|qmvjq|mlm ldk koaqj'

Yd hmg ditihmlj }tdbm midqim ld mkctgm ld km keogm+ dg vmq|oitkmq km ld km potlmdk mk|g imadioqmymlj+ y dk bokctdqokkj+ vdqj d|m }tdbm ldadqm dq dgpomlm loqdi|medg|d m

Rjgm \qjvoimk+ dk vtakoio|m ldk koaqj' Hmy tgm }tdbm etihj e cqmpd2 gj hm dqyog dg

dyvmjk' Dg qdvtd|m m tgm ijgtk|m qdiodg|d+ d ditih etqetqmq m tgj ld kj mt|jqd

_j gj ed ldpdkmqm'

Qdytedg2 kjy emvmy dk |memj yjg kjy mmgidy kmqcmedg|d dyvdqmljy+ dy

ydctqj ldioq }td dy|m dy mhjqm km ctm ld imevj ey ijegedg|d t|okormlm

dg dk vmy' Dy ogloyvdgymakd vmqm itmk}todq ombd ld jaydqmiog ld mdy+ yo

hmidq koy|my dy yt goij btdcj+ dy km goim }td yd gdidyo|m'

Vtakoimlj vjq vqoedqm pdr dg =?30+ km Ctm ld Mpdy ld Vmgme+ vjq Qjadq| Y

Qolcdky y Bjhg m' Csyggd+ Bq'+ d tgm ctm ogiktj mg|dqojq d ogiqdakdedg|d ijevqdgopm

Km keogm y kj loatbj jg e popj y e aqokkmg|d }td km }td d dgitdg|qmg dg

Y|okd y Ynt|ih+ cqmiom mk |mkdg|jj Yq' Csyggd' Tgm dloiog vj|dqojq+ vtakoimlm dg =?8?

}td ogiktyd jihj keogm ld mpd dgijg|qmlm dg Ij|m Qoim+ Goimqmctm y Hjgltqm

qt|ogmqomedg|d d ogiktolj dg kj pombd ld jadqpmiog ld mpd ld Ij|m Qoim vmqm

oldg|oimiojgd vqjakde|oim ld cqtvj ijgtj ijej kj vdihjmemqokkj y ijkoaqd

itmglj km ijevmqmiojgd ld lo|ogiojgd t|okd vtdldg mdctqmq dk xo|j'

Yog deamqcj+ dg ijevmqmiog ijg Y|okd y Ynt|ih+ d|d koaqj ijg|odgd edgj

ogjqemiog ld|mkkmlm jaqd imlm dvdiod> y m pdid qdtk|m ldijgidq|mg|d kjimkormq

cqtvj' Vjq dbdevkj+ kj qmijgd d dgitdg|qmg dg km keogm =+ 9 y |jlj itd|mg ,96%,94 dg kj D|mljTgolj ytg vjij e dg Ij|m Qoim'

Dg ijgiktyog2 |jlj memg|d ldloimlj ld km mpd gdido|m |mg|j dk Y|okd y Ynt|ih y d

Cmqqoctd y Ldmg ijej egoej' _+ o popd dg j pombm m |qmp ld km rjgm tq+ edbjq d }t|dgcm |meaog tgm ijvom ld km dctglm dloiog ld km Ctm ld Mpdy ld Vmgme'

_m imyo qjevd dk imyimqg j|qj koaqj ld mpdy ld Vmgme

J|qj koaqj ld mpdy ld VmgmeKmy Mpdy ld Vmgme2 Tgm Ctm ld Imevj

ydq vtakoimlj dg ji|taqd ijej vmq|d ld km ydqod ld hoy|jqom gm|tqmk ld Ijqgdkk

Tgopdqyo| Vqdyy}td ogiktd kmy ctmy Y|okdy Ynt|ih Cmqqoctdy Ldmg' Ijg dk

|dx|j vjq Cdjqcd Mgcdhq+ tgm ld kmy ey oevjq|mg|dy mt|jqolmldy yjaqd mpdy

dg dyd vmy+ d okty|qmiojgdy ld Qjadq| Ldmg+ dk mq|oy|m ijgytemlj itmy keogmy

dgcqmiomg Kmy Mpdy ld Ijy|m Qoim2 Tgm Ctm ld Imevj+ dy|m ctm vjglq etihj

g`myoy dg kmy ytadyvdiody }td yd dgitdg|qmg dg Vmgme+ mkcj }td mvdgmy |jim

km Ctm ld Mpdy ld Vmgme ld Qolcdk Csggd' Ydcg Qjadq|+ }todg hm yolj

|mg|j tg atdg meocj ldk Ikta ijej eodeaqj hjgjqmqoj+ km ctm |dglq mkqdldlj

ld =66 vcogmy ey tg `jqem|j kocdqmedg|d ey cqmgld }td yt koaqj ld Ijy|m

Qoimvqogiovmkedg|d vmqm lmq imaolm m |jlm km cmem ld emvmy ld tg vmy |mg

kmqcj ijej Vmgmevdqj gj ydq |mg cqmgld ijej dk koaqj ld Qolcdk Csggd

Qjadq| hm vtdy|j etihj dy`tdqrj dg mydctqmqyd ld }td yty keogmy ld mpdy yd

|qmltioqg ijg vqdioyog dg km oevqdyog+ yodevqd tg cqmg qd|j itmglj km ijvom ld

ijkjq vqdioym dy tg vqjakdem' Vtdy|j }td gtdy|qj qogig ld Ijy|m Qoim dy| |mg

idqim ld Vmgme+ dyvdqmejy }td dy|m ctm yd ijgpodq|m dg j|qm pmkojym mloiog m

gtdy|qm aoakoj|dim ld mpdy' Dyvdqmejy mgyojymedg|d yt kkdcmlm-
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19/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

vhj|j

cmkkdq

*cm

kdqm

ld

`j|j

y

Ysmkkjs%|mokdl No|d (ymed jgd 9 |oedy/ ^=U

Gmgi Gdkyjg & Lmg @dgldq so|h Mkoyjg Jkopodqomgl |hdoq gds YPAI edeadqyhov imqly ^ Btkod Coqmql ^1+ 9+ 3U+ Gmgi Gdkyjg ^ Hmqq Htkk ^4+ ?

Ihdqqod#y \mgmcdq ^4U

Gmgi Gdkyjg qdijqlogc eoy|gd||ogc lm|m+ @ogim Yj`m ^8U
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20/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

vhj|j

cmkkdq

*cm

kdqm

ld

`j|j

y

Vhj|j iqdlo|y2 Koglm Sokyjg ^=U> Btkod Coqmql ^1U> Gmgi Gdkyjg ^9+ 4+ 0+ 3+ 8+ ?U+ Cmok Htkk ^ |hd |qmgeo||dq smqdejpdl mgl qd|tqgdl |j Eoiqjsmpd \dkded|qyjq qdtqaohogc mgl emld mpmokmakd jq td jgH14' O| sm }to|d mg dxvdgopd ldpoid+ ij|ogcejqd |hmg ,


23/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

\TQND_ PTK\TQD \QMINOGC VQJCQME+ YMYNM\IHDSMG

^\hoy oy ejy| j` |hd |sj%vmcd mi|%yhdd| |hm| Y|tmq| Hjty|jg mgl hoy \tqnd Ptk|tqd qdydmqih |dme loy|qoat|d og Ymynm|ihdsmg+

Imgmlm+ |j og`jqe |hd cdgdqmk vtakoi j` |hdoq |qminogc mi|opo|ody mgl dgijtqmcd |hd qdvjq|ogc j` |mccdl ptk|tqdy' Dl'U

Yogid 1669+ Ymynm|ihdsmg hmy kdl og `jtq myvdi|y j` \tqnd Ptk|tqd qdydmqih2

% \hd kmqcdy| gdy|kogc \tqnd Ptk|tqd sogc%|mccogc vqjcqme og Gjq|h Medqoim> =< kmqcd sogc |mcy+ so|h mg dmyok qdml sho|dkd||dq mgl |sj gteadqy jg m cqddg hdqitko|d |mc+ sdqd mvvkodl m| gogd gdy|y og 1669+ 96 m| =3 gdy|y og 166


25/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

Ymg Po|j Aoql Ikta2 Adgd|y j` Edeadqyhov

Dkdi|qjgoiYPAIGdsykd||dq+vtakoyhdl|soidmdmq+mggjtgiogcjpdqgoch||qovy+aoqlsmkny+

vqjbdi|tvlm|dy+kjimkaoqlvqjkd+Iktagdsymglejqd'

Myyoy|mgid`qjeIktaedeadqyso|hkjimkmiijeejlm|ojgy+|qmgyvjq|m|ojgmglcdgdqmk|qmpdkvkmgy'

@qddSokyjgSmknym||hdQjadq|mglIm|hdqogdSokyjgAj|mgoimkCmqldg*KmyIqtidyAojkjcoimkY|m|ojg(SAC/ogYmgPo|j+|soidejg|hkBmgtmq|hqjtchEmqih'

Iktaedeadqy&|hdoqctdy|ysokkhmpdmiidyy|j|hdSACmgl|hdQojBmpm\qmokso|hjt|vmogcmleoyyojg`ddy'

Iktaedeadqysokkadmakd|jmtlo|J\Yijtqydym|KmyIqtidyo` yvmidvdqeo|ymgl|hd|dmihdq(y/hmygjjabdi|ojg'

@qddmiidyy|jIkta|qovkoy|ymglj|hdqvtakoim|ojgy'

=6$loyijtg|m||hd@ogimIg|mqjyIqm`|yY|jqdogKoglmPoy|mldYmgPo|j'

Ymg Po|j Aoql Ikta2 Adgdiojy ld yt Edeaqdim

Ajkd|gdkdi|qgoijldkYPAI+vtakoimljydedy|qmkedg|d+mgtgiomgljpombdyldljylmy+imeogm|myldjaydqpmiogldmpdy+mi|tmkormiogldkjyvqjdi|jy+vdqkldtgmpdkjimk+

gj|oiomyldytIktaey'

Myoy|dgiomldkjyeodeaqjyldkIktaijgmkjbmeodg|j|qmgyvjq|dkjimk+vkmgdyldpombddgcdgdqmk'

Imeogm|mySokyjgcqm|to|mydgdkBmqlgAj|goijQjadq|Im|hdqogdSokyjg*Dy|miogAojkcoimKmyIqtidy+imlm}togidlmylddgdqjmemqrj'

KjyeodeaqjyldkIktaytyogpo|mljy|dglqgmiidyjmkBmqlgAj|goijSokyjgdk

YdgldqjldkQjBmpmdgdkajy}tdyog|dgdq}tdvmcmqkm|mqo`mldmleoyog'

KjyeodeaqjyldkIkta|dglqgvjyoaokolmldyldm|dgldqkjyitqyjyldkmJD\dgKmyIqtidyyohmdyvmiojkjyvqj`dyjqdygj|odgdgjabdiog'

Miidyjcqm|to|jmkmykoy|myldkjypombdyldkIktaj|qmyvtakoimiojgdy'

=6$ldldyitdg|jdgkm|odglmldmq|dymgmyld@ogimIg|mqjydgKoglmPoy|mldYmgPo|j'


26/26


Pjkted 4Oyytd =

Ymg Po|j Aoql Ikta Edeadqyhov @jqe *Hjbm ld Edeaqdim

Ldmq Dxdit|opd Ijeeo||dd *Dy|oemlj Ijeo| Dbdit|oj+

_d- O (sd/ tvvjq| |hd cjmk j |hd Ymg Po|j Aoql Ikta mgl sjtkl kond |j bjog jq qdgds ey (jtq/ 16== edeadqhov m jkkjs2Y- Mvjj*mvjmejy kjy jabd|ojy ldk Ymg Po|j Aoql Ikta gjy cty|mqm tgoqgjy j qdgjpmq gtdy|qm edeaqdim 16=6 ld km yoctodg|d jqem2

ZZZ Qdoldg| Edeadq (Ltd TY ,16'66 jq =6+666 vdq vdqjg/ *Eodeaqj Qdyoldg|d (Itj|m TY ,16'66 j =6+666 vjq vdqyjgm/

ZZZ Og|dqgm|ojgmk Edeadq (Ltd TY ,=6'66 jq 4+666 vdq vdqjg/ *Eodeaqj Og|dqgmiojgmk (Itj|m TY ,=6'66 j 4+666 vjq vdqyjgm/

ZZZ Vkdmd nddv ey (jtq/ gmed(/ jg |hd qj|dq mgl kd| ed (t/ ngjs majt| Ikta mi|opo|od+ dkl |qov mgl qddmqih+ t|tqd edd|ogc+ d|i' Vjq mjq+ emg|dgcm gtdy|qj gjeaqd dg yt koy|m mydgjy yjaqd kmy mi|oolmldy ldk Ikta+ kjy ombdy ld imevj d ogpdy|ocmiog+ t|tqmy

qdtgojgdy+ d|i'

Gmed(/*Gjeaqd ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

Mllqd *Loqdiiog ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

Io|y * IotlmlZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

Y|m|d*Vqjp' *Dy|mlj*Vqjp' ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

Ijtg|qy *Vmy ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

ROV*Vj|mk Ijld * Ilocj Vjy|mkZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

Demok" ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ\dk'*mx ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

Yocgm|tqd *@oqem ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ Lm|d *@dihm ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

Vkdmd emnd yjtq ihdin vmymakd |j |hdYmg Po|j Aoql Iktamgl emok o| so|h |ho jqe |j2Vjq mjq+ hmcm yt ihd}td m gjeaqd ldkYmg Po|j Aoql Ikta dgpdkj ijg yt qdcoy|qj m2

Mkoyjg JkopodqoMvlj' =3%8143Vtg|mqdgmy+ Ij|j Aqty+ Ymg Po|j0686= IJY\M QOIM

" Jtq Gdskd||dq o dg| m m VL@ loco|mk kd |j yjtq demok mllqd' *Gtdy|qj Ajkd|g dy dgpomlj ijej tg mqihoj loco|mk VL@ m ytijqqdj dkdi|qgoij'

\hmgn jt- * Cqmiomy-\j vqog| bty| |hoy vmcd `qje jtq VL@ qdmldq+ cj |j @okd7Vqog| mgl ihjjyd |j vqog| jgk vmcd 10 ad`jqd ikoinogc jg !Vqog|!'

Vmqm oevqoeoq ykj dy|m vcogm ldyld yt kdi|jq ld VL@+ pmm m Mqihopj7Oevqoeoq (@okd7Vqog|/ dyijbm oevqoeoq ykj km vcogm 10 mg|dy

ld dgpomq m Oevqoeoq

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SVBC Newsletter Vol 5 No 1-Aug 2010