Sustainable Urban City of Kajang

7/29/2019 Sustainable Urban City of Kajang

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Menara MPKJ, Jalan Cempaka Putih,

Off Jalan Semeyih, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

No Tel : 03-87377899 No Fax : 03-87377897

PREPARED BY:

ASH PLANNING SDN. BHD.

AZLIZA BT AZIZ

P 65287

HAMZAH ALI

P 63147

SUZILAWATIE BT ABDUL GHANI

P 60832

PROPOSAL FOR SUSTAINANBLE URBAN

DESIGN FOR KAJANG


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PROPOSAL FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN FOR KAJANG

ASH PLANNING SDN. BHD. Page 1/ 40

DISCLAIMER

Copyright 2012 ASH PLANNING SDN. BHD.

All rights reserved.

Published by ASH PLANNING SDN. BHD.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in

any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded, scanned, or

otherwise, except as permitted under Malaysian copyright law, without the prior written

permission of the author.

Notes:

While the author and publisher of this report have made reasonable efforts to ensure the

accuracy and timeliness of the information contained herein, the author and publisher

assume no liability with respect to loss or damage caused, or alleged to be caused, by any

reliance on any information contained herein and disclaim any and all warranties, expressed

or implied, as to the accuracy or reliability of said information. The publisher and the author

make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the

contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties. The advice and strategies

contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. It is the complete responsibility of

the reader to ensure they are adhering to all local, regional and national laws.

This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to

the subject matter covered. It is published with the understanding that neither the author

nor the publisher is engaged in rendering professional services. If legal, accounting,

medical, psychological, or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a

competent professional should be sought.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank all the team members for their invaluable effort in making

this report a success. The authors would also like to offer their regards and blessings to theircolleagues from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) as well as all of those who have

given their support in any respect during the completion of this report.


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DECLARATION STATEMENT

We have inspected the respective site prior to this report. This report has been carried out

for the sole purpose of identifying any features of the design which could be altered orremoved to improve the existing traffic flow and enhance the safety of the existing roads

and intersections. All the identified issues and suggested improvements have been noted in

this report. The accompanying result is put forward for further course of action.

Prepared by,

Azliza Bt Aziz

Hamzah Bin Ali

Suzilawatie Bt Abdul Ghani

ASH PLANNING SDN. BHD.

Date : 24 December 2012


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TABLE OF CONTENT

Content Page

TABLE OF CONTENT

LIST OF FIGURES

4

6

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Problem Statement1.2 Objective of the Study1.3 Study Area Problem Statement1.4 Scope of Work

1.4.1 Site Visit and Visual Appraisal1.4.2 Traffic Surveys and Analyses1.4.3 Output

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2.0 STUDY METHODOLOGY

2.1 Analysis Using SimCity Simulation

2.1.1 Introduction

2.1.2 Zoning

2.1.3 Mode

2.1.4 The Output

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3.0 PROPOSED SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN

3.1 Aim of the Proposal

3.2 Sustainable Urban Design

3.2.1 Sustainable Definition

3.2.2 Quality of Development

3.2.3 Integrating Transport And Development

3.2.4 Minimum Environment Impact Due To Surge in Travel

Demand

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TABLE OF CONTENT (CONT)

Content Page

3.2.5 Development Access : Pedestrian, Disable People, Cyclist,

Public Transport, Private Transport

3.2.6 Parking And Ride

3.2.7 Urban Design Principle

3.2.11 Safety and Security

3.2.13 Renewable Energy

3.2.14 Air Quality

3.2.15 Water Quality and Drainage

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4.0 SUMMARY

4.1 Recommendation

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4.2 Conclusion 39


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LIST OF FIGURE

No. Title Page

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

Figure 15

Figure 16

Figure 17

Figure 18

Figure 19

Figure 20

Figure 21

Figure 22

Figure 23

Figure 24

The location of study focus area

Close-up view of the study area

Close-up view of the intersection

Study Methodology

Phasing Sequences at the intersections

A Time-Space Diagram to illustrate ideal offset

Effect of vehicle queued at a signal

Proposed signal control timing with offset

A Traffic Control Centre

Expert System

Expert System Module

The Architecture Of The System For Area Wide Urban Traffic Control

Local Area Network for Network of Traffic Controllers

Distributed Control Architecture

Wireless Communication System

Autoscope Terra System

Smart Eye Traffic Data Sensor

Wavetronix Smart Sensor HD

Variable Message Sign (VMS)

Example Of A Life Traffic Feed Information Website

Car Navigation System

Call Centre

Radio And Television Traffic Report Update

Stopped SMS/MMS and Personal Digital Assistant Traffic Update

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Kajang is located in the eastern part of Selangor, Malaysia. It is the district capital for Hulu

Langat. In the past few years, the number of population has grown rapidly. Its position is

strategic, in the middle of three major cities (Kuala Lumpur, Seremban and Putrajaya).

Sungai Chua is developed as the location gravity of growth in Kajang. The soon-to-be-

realised Klang Valley MRT station in Bandar Kajang will boost the property value in Sungai

Chua. Many major highway and expressway like Kajang Dispersal Link Expressway as a ring

road of Kajang, Cheras-Kajang Expressway, North-South Expressway (NSE) and Kajang-

Seremban Expressway were well connected Kajang to other locations. All these factors are

contributing to traffic congestion, ageing population and pollution. These scenarios require

the new sustainable urban design for Kajang.

1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENTTraffic congestion is a major problem occur in Kajang. The problem is mainly due to rapid

growing of the population in Kajang. The city of Kajang provides employment in the service

sector and manufacturing for 300,775 in 2007. The number is estimated will increase to

404,772 by year 2020.

Demographic trends, including an ageing population and employment are

contributed to the growing prosperities and wealth. This situation was increased the

demands for an improved the quality of life. By hook or by crook, more amenities are

needed to be providing to fulfill peoples satisfaction.

As of 2004, a few townships have been developed in Kajang, such as Taman Prima

Saujana, Sungai Chua, Taman Kajang Perdana. Lately, many high-end developments have

mushroomed in Kajang such as Twin Palms, Sri Banyan, Country Heights, Jade Hills and

Prima Paramount. However, with the soon-to-be-realised Klang Valley MRT station in

Bandar Kajang, this township seems not enough for Kajang population. Growth of smaller


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and single person per households, are adding to demands for new housing and to the

pressures for suburbanisation in rural areas.

On the other hands, as other urbanization city, Kajang also features with

environmental issues. The transport of goods and mobility of people continues to grow

steadily every year. The pollution of the global environment is occurred due to rising

quantity of transport and industrial development.

Presently, no unused land left to develop in Kajang. Valuable agricultural land and

natural reserves of biodiversity are being lost. Besides that, the increasing land values and

property prices in cities also make housing in location that are accessible to livelihood

opportunities and services increasingly unaffordable for many sections of the population.

The activities in around a region whose width is getting smaller while becoming

more and more about the number of visitors. Futhermore , the traffic congestion will be

worse when it's a weekend, public holidays and festive days as more people are entering

the city for shopping and searching their needs.

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of the study is to create Kajang as sustainable city. The objectives are

stated as follow:

a) To maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth and employmentb) To promoting the long term of health of the citizens, including addressing the

relationship between social and psychological well-being and the possibility of

experiencing elements of nature locally (particularly important for children)

c) To maintain the protection of the natural environment and conservation of naturalresources at the local and regional scale


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d) To reduce the impact on the natural environment at the global scale and in thelonger term; reducing ecological footprints and achieving balanced production and

consumption systems

1.3 STUDY AREA PROBLEM STATEMENT

The study has conducted along the boundary of Kajang Silk Highway. Figure 1 to

Figure 3 indicates the location plan for study area. The arterial routes consist of

Jalan Sememyih, Jalan Sungai Chua, Jalan Sungai Jelok, Jalan Cheras, Jalan Bukit

Mewah, Jalan Bukit, Jalan Besar , Jalan Reko and Jalan 7/1. The study involves eleven

(11) areas as follow:

i. Taman Asa Jayaii. Taman Kajang Prima

iii. Taman Bukit Mewahiv. Taman Kajang Jayav. Taman Bukit Kajang Baru

vi. Taman Sepakat Indahvii. Kampung Sungai Chua

viii. Sungai Chua New Villageix. Taman Angkasa Indahx. Taman Kajang Baru

xi. Pusat Perindustrian Sungai Chua


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Figure 1 The location of the study area Figure 2 Close-up view of the study area

The selection of the study focus area is based on the current situation where

the rapid growths of population are high. The traffic flow is increase substantially during

the peak period.

Figure 3 Close-up view of the target area


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1.4 SCOPE OF WORK

The study is focused at Kajang. It consists of target area as shown in Figure 3. The scopes of

works of the study are indicated as follow:

1.4.1 SITE VISIT AND VISUAL APPRAISAL

Site visit are conducted in order to get first hand information of the focus area. From the

site visit, the actual site problem can be recognized. The existing document and drawings is

observed to obtain basic information of the focus target area. The data are important to

assist in the planning for further work. The data collected during the site visit are:

a. zone area (residential area, commercial area or industrial area)b. name of areas and streetsc. facilities providedd. traffic condition

1.4.2 ANALYSIS

Analysis has been conducted based on data and other site information collected in order to

obtain the best control methodology for the sustainable urban design for the study focus

area. The data was analysed using the Sim City Simulation.

1.4.3

OUTPUT

The output that is obtained in the study consists of the followings:

a. To find out urban design issue in Kajangb. To proposed solution in upgrading Kajang as a sustainable city.


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2 STUDY METHODOLOGY

The study consists of four main activities (Figure 4). The main activities are data collection,

determination of urban issue, analysis using SimCity Simulation and proposal for sustainable

urban design. The simulation involves the existing condition and proposed plan.

Figure 4 Study Methodology

2.1 ANALYSIS USING SIMCITY 4 SIMULATION

SimCity is an open-ended city-building computer and console video game series. It is

published by Maxis (now a division of Electronic Arts). There are many type of personal

computer version for SimCity. However, in this proposal, SimCity 4 is used to simulate the

data.

The player (acting as mayor) is given a blank map to start with, and must expand

their city with the budget they have. As the city matures, depending on how large their city

is, the player may get to place government and other special buildings such as a mayor's

house. The player also has to supply services to their citizens including health, education,

safety, parks and leisure. Inadequate funding of these services can lead to strikes. The

Site Visit / Data Collection

Determination of Urban Issue

Analysis using SimCity Simulation

Proposed Sustainable Urban Design
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-ended_%28gameplay%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-building_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leisurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leisurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-building_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-ended_%28gameplay%29


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primary source of income is taxation. Placing certain buildings like military bases or federal

prisons can produce income as well.

2.1.1 INTRODUCTION

SimCity 4 (SC4) places the player in the role of a mayor tasked with populating and

developing tracts of lands into cities, while fulfilling the needs of fellow Sims who live there.

Cities are now located in regions, which are divided into segments, each of which can be

developed. Buildings are classified into several wealth levels, zone types, and building size

stages, which are affected by the region's population and the city's condition.

The game allows players to create a region of land, design and build a settlement

which can grow into a city, while maintaining the happiness of the citizens and keeping a

stable budget. Different areas of land can be zoned as commercial, industrial, or residential

development. Public transport and utilities have to be built and maintained. For the success

of a city, have to manage its finances, environment, and quality of life for its residents.

2.1.2 ZONING

First of all, the player must define zones, each having limits on the kind of development that

can occur there. Development of the zones is not performed directly by the player, but

happens when certain conditions are met, such as power supply, adequate transport links or

acceptable tax level. The residential zones, in green, provide housing for Sims. The

commercial zones, were found in blue, provide shops and offices, while the industrial zones,

in yellow, provide factories, laboratories and farms. There are three different densities. The

low density is defined for small buildings, medium density for low to mid-sized buildings,

and high density for anything up to large tower blocks.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residential_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residentialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residentialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residential_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxation


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2.1.3 MODE

Modes can be divided into three consist of God Mode, Mayor Mode, and MySim Mode.

Mayor and MySim modes is available after establishing a city. The god mode becomes

available before establishing a city, as well as after.

The first is the God Mode allows players to trigger disasters, including tornadoes and

earthquakes among several others. God Mode also gives the player tools to reconcile the

borders of the cities, to fix any discrepancies created during the terraforming process, and a

day/night cycle adjustment, so that one can make it always day, always night, or alternate

between day or night in accordance with the in-universe game clock.

The second of the modes is the Mayor Mode, where the actual city building is

conducted. Several advisors may give advice to the player on how to best manage a city.

Players can build transportation networks such as roads, streets, avenues, highways,

railways, subway lines, and bus stations. Players can also terraform and plant trees.

Other activities that include in Mayor Mode consist of building civic buildings such as

schools, hospitals, parks, police stations,jails, fire stations. Settlements also need public

utilities such as electricity with more or less polluting and more or less expensive types of

power stations, water pumps, water purification plants, and waste management services.

The final mode is the MySim mode which enables players to create user-defined

Sims, which will live and work in the city the player has created. When moving a Sim into a

city, the player can choose from a selection of characters or import others from The Sims.

Sims can be killed by certain disasters or catastrophic events, leave the city if conditions areunfavorable, or die of old age.

2.1.4 THE OUTPUT

The City was built in SimCity based on existing circumstance in Kajang. As indicated in Figure

5 to Figure 7, the Kajangs landmark such as Masjid Kajang, Stadium Kajang, Hospital Kajang,

Majlis Perbandaran Kajang and Kajang Police Station were included in the simulation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornadohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenue_%28landscape%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenue_%28landscape%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornadohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster


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Figure 5 Stadium Kajang Figure 6 Masjid Kajang

Figure 7 Hospital Kajang

Using the data from the site visit and the map from Google, the Kajang City was

design and built in SimCity. The simulation output from the existing condition is shown in

Figure 8 to Figure 15.

Figure 8 Study Area


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Figure 9 Study Area

Figure 10 Zoning


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Figure 11 Education

Figure 12 Traffic Congestion


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Figure 13 Land Value

Figure 14 Level of Health


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Figure 14 Air Pollution

Figure 15 Water Pollution


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Figure 16 Level of Sustainability in Kajang

Figure 16 shows the level of sustainability in Kajang. A few solutions were provided

by the advisor to improve the city as signified in Figure 17 to Figure 23. The new proposal to

develop the sustainable urban city was created and simulated in SimCity. Figure 24 to Figure

29 indicate the result of proposal simulation based on suggestion from the advisor.

Unfortunately, the environment and safety issue becomes worst.

Figure 17 Traffic Advisor Figure 18 Traffic Advisor

Figure 19 Traffic Advisor


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Figure 20 Environmental Advisor Figure 21 Environmental Advisor

Figure 22 Environmental Advisor Figure 23 Environmental Advisor

Figure 24 Zoning


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Figure 25 Traffic Congestion

Figure 26 Health


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Figure 27 Air Pollution

Figure 28 Water Pollution


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Figure 29 Level of Sustainability in Kajang


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3.0 PROPOSED SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN

3.1 AIM OF THE PROPOSAL

The aim of the proposal in sustainable urban design is as stated below:

i. creating beautiful, healthy and socially integrated and inclusive placesii. promotes equitable economic developmentiii. conserves land

iv. looks at towns and cities in relation to one another and their hinterlandsv. ensures the strategic location of new developments in relation to the natural

environment and transport systems

vi. ensures development is mixed and of appropriate densityvii. The strategy also focuses on making optimal use by human for the infrastructure of

the city, particularly transport infrastructure, through compact, mixed-use and dense

settlement structures enabling effective use of public transport and private car-

based movement systems and minimizing vehicular movements

3.2SUSTANABLE URBAN DESIGNKajang is a compact city. No more development can be done owing to the high

densities of population, commercial and industrial. Build the city inward is the best

solution to sustain the city. This intention can be achieve by reusing already develop area,

respecting and enhancing the character of the City and improve the public transport.

The proposed program Urban Renewal for Kajang Town from sites recovery

brownfield in Bangi Town to accomodate the needs of Local Planning for Kajang area

until year 2020. The Vertical development proposal for the development of existing cities

especially at Bandar Baru Bangi-Kajang area (refer picture 30). Thus. the organized urban


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design will be create in order to facilitate the population because all the facilities are

provided within close distance. Strengthening the city limits can also be done through the

provision of building schematic colour, building texture and lighting of buildings. The hard

scape and soft landscape have different character for every settlement centre or block

planning that were set can distinguish clearly an urban area.

The urban design issues such as traffic congestion and environmental problem can be

solve by closing the road from allowing private transport entering the City. Only public

transports have permission to go into the City. More park, porous car park and pedestrian

walkway will be built to create green space area.

Public transport has to be enhanced in order to attract the users. Better services can

be offered by providing dedicated bus lane in the City and giving more licence to the bus

operator. Therefore, level of service, waiting time and travel time can be improved.

Outside the city, more interchange station and parking space shall be built.


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3.2.1 SUSTAINABLE DEFINITIONAccording to the WCED, sustainable development is defined as a development that

meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to

meet their own needs. It is maintaining a delicate balance between the human need to

improve lifestyles, and preserving natural resources and ecosystems, on which we and

future generations depend. Sustainable development implies economic growth together

with the protection of environmental quality. The essence of this form of development is a

stable relationship between human activities and the natural world, which does not

diminish the prospects for future generations to enjoy a quality of life at least as good as our

own. (Source: Mintzer, 1992).

3.2.2 QUALITY OF DEVELOPMENTSustainable development is generally thought to have three components which are

related to the quality of life in a community, consist of the economic, social and

environmental systems. These components make up the community are providing a

healthy, productive, meaningful life for all community residents, present and future. It is the

ability to make development which respects the relationship between the three "E's" -

economy, ecology and equity. Economic activity should serve the common good, be self-

renewing, and build local assets and self-reliance. Ecology considers humans are part of

nature, nature has limits, and communities are responsible for protecting and building

natural assets. The equity means the opportunity given for full participation in all activities,

benefits, and decision-making of a society.


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Figure 30 Sustainability Development

As this Figure 30 illustrates, the economy exists entirely within society, because all

parts of the human economy require interaction among people. However, society is much

more than just the economy. Friends and families, music and art, religion and ethics are

important elements of society, but are not primarily based on exchanging goods and

services. Society, in turn, exists entirely within the environment. Our basic requirements

such as air, food and water are come from the environment, as do the energy and raw

materials for housing, transportation and the products we depend on.

The environment surrounds society. At an earlier point in human history, the

environment largely determined the shape of society. Today the fact is change. Human

activity is reshaping the environment at an ever increasing rate. The parts of the

environment unaffected by human activity are getting smaller all the time. However,

because people need food, water and air to survive, society can never be larger than the

environment.

Sustainability requires managing all households, individual, community, national, and

global in the ways that ensure that our economy and society can continue to exist without

destroying the natural environment on which we all depend. Sustainable communities

acknowledge that there are limits to the natural, social and built systems upon which we

depend.

Sustainable production is the creation of goods and services using processes andsystems that are non-polluting, conserving of energy and natural resources, economically

efficient, safe and healthful for workers, communities, and consumers and socially and

creatively rewarding for all working people. Principles of sustainable production

products and services including safe and ecologically sound throughout their life cycle; as

appropriate, designed to be durable, repairable, readily recycled, compostable, or easily

biodegradable; and also produced and packaged using the minimal amount of material and

energy possible. Processes are designed and operated such that:


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i. wastes and ecologically incompatible by products are reduced, eliminated orrecycled on-site;

ii. chemical substances or physical agents and conditions that present hazards tohuman health or the environment are eliminated;

iii. energy and materials are conserved, and the forms of energy and materials usedare most appropriate for the desired ends;

iv. work spaces are designed to minimize or eliminate chemical, ergonomic andphysical hazard.

In a sustainable community, resource consumption is balanced by resources

assimilated by the ecosystem. The sustainability of a community is largely determined bythe web of resources providing its food, fiber, water, and energy needs and by the ability of

natural systems to process its wastes. A community is unsustainable if it consumes

resources faster than they can be renewed, produces more wastes than natural systems can

process or relies upon distant sources for its basic needs.

Sustainable society is defined as a society whose long term prospect for continuing

to exist is good. Such a society would be characterized by an emphasis on preserving the

environment, developing strong peaceful relationships between people and nations, and an

emphasis on equitable distribution of wealth.

Education is an essential tool for achieving sustainability. People around the world

recognize that current economic development trends are not sustainable and that public

awareness, education, and training are key to moving society toward sustainability. Beyond

that, there is little agreement.

3.2.3 INTEGRATING TRANSPORT AND DEVELOPMENTRoads are an integral part of the transport system, essential for the efficient

functioning of the greater Kajang area economy. They provide vital arteries for the

movement and operation of the commercial life. It also meets important social objectives,

by providing access to activities and links between communities.


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Planning and transport integration is a fundamental part of the strategy, which

should reduce car use need. In order to build Kajang City free from any private car, a

suitable interchange station has to be provided outside the City. Hentian Kajang can be

upgraded to be one of the interchange stations. However, more parking spaces are required

to satisfy the present demand.

3.2.4 MINIMUM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DUE TO SURGE IN TRAVEL DEMANDSMeasures to reduce the environmental impact of road traffic in terms of air

pollution, noise and carbon dioxide emissions need to form part of the strategy. Many of the

measures set out elsewhere in the strategy provide fundamental contributions to this

objective. The authority will continue to monitor these parameters, in conjunction with the

relevant agencies, and will seek the implementation of appropriate measures, where

necessary, to comply with applicable standards.

Travel demand management measures need to support the environmental and

economic objectives of the strategy, and targets related to distance travelled by car and

share of travel by car. Management of demand for road use can be broadly consist of :-a. Better development planning to manage travel demand and reduce the need

to travel;

b. On street parking controls;c. Control of access onto certain strategic roads at congested timesd. Dedication of road space to certain transport modes, whose users are higher

up in the road user hierarchy.

Better development planning to manage travel demand recommended planning

measures that can reduce the amount of travel by car include:

a. the consolidation of housing, employment and retail developments into theKajang area

b. the location of office and retail developments in central areas where accessby public transport, cycling and walking is good


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c. restrictions on parking provisions at key destinations to encourage publictransport use

d. the location of residential developments on public transport corridors thatprovide good access to central areas

Traffic and on-street parking control measures can address issues arising from excess

demand for road space on individual road corridors. Examples of control Measures include:

i. Ramp Metering, which is the control of access onto a dual carriageway ormotorway corridor, through the provision of traffic lights on the entry slip

road which respond to the traffic conditions on the corridor

ii. Variable speed limits that allow speed limits to be dynamically set to suittraffic conditions, so that flow is maintained, avoiding stop-start conditions

that arise from driver behaviour when congestion limits speeds below the

roads usual limit

iii. Hard Shoulder Running - opening up the hard shoulder to moving traffic onmotorways, or dual carriageways with motorway characteristics to maintain

journey time reliability and smooth traffic flows, at busy times;

iv. Dedication of lanes to particular transport modes such as public transportlanes, high occupancy vehicle lanes or freight lanes; and

v. On-street car parking restrictions.

Parking charges and levies parking charges is desirable to charge for parking in these

areas to increase turnover of spaces, making it easier for those who need to drive to find a

parking space. Demand management through a workplace parking levy could play a

significant role in reducing car commuting. There is potential for levies to be extended to

other types of destinations such as out-of-town shopping centres. For the measure to be

most effective, a mechanism is required that charges the individual user of the space each

time the space is used. Road access control, parking restrictions and parking charges address

issues due to excess demand on individual roads or individual corridors.


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3.2.5 DEVELOPMENT ACCESS: PEDESTRIANS, DISABLED PEOPLE, CYCLISTS, PUBLICTRANSPORT, PRIVATE TRANSPORT

In providing a sustainable transport system capable of meeting the needs of the

region, it is essential that an appropriate balance is achieved between the allocation of road

space to the motor car and the prioritisation of road space for pedestrians, cyclists, public

transport. Transportation system should be more environmentally friendly.

In order to achieve a more sustainable balance between the use of the private car

and other transport modes it will be necessary to increase the allocation of road space and

traffic signal priority in favour of public transport and walking and cycling modes. Without

such a rebalance, non-car modes of transport will not be able to offer the level of service

that is essential to attract motorists out of their cars to use more sustainable public

transport or cycling or walking alternatives.

Clear and consistent information for road users is essential. This includes direction,

signage as well as live journey information, including notification of disruptions. The

provision of live travel information can assist in maintaining the resilience and reliability of

the road network, by enabling drivers to plan alternative routes or means of travel.

Information will be displayed at appropriate points on the strategic road network and

should also be provided for dissemination to third party providers of travel information,

such as radio stations and travel information websites. Live travel information will include:

i. expected journey times to key destinations on the strategic road network,based on current and historical traffic conditions;

ii. parking availability at appropriate points on the approach to larger towncentres;

iii. parking availability and public transport journey times on the approach tostrategic park and ride sites.

Strategies for on-street waiting, loading and parking are part of local traffic

management plans and local authorities. They should undertake a comprehensive review of


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uses of kerbside space, aimed at maximising the efficiency of allocations of space and time

to different users, in line with strategy objectives and hierarchy of provision at specific

locations. There is also a need to determine adequate overall kerb-space allocations for

special uses in Designated towns and Designated Districts, addressing additional bus stops

and bus lay-over spaces; coach parking and drop-off/pick up; taxi ranks and feeders;

permanent delivery bays; disabled parking; car club spaces; pay and Display; and other on-

street requirements.

Figure 31 Public Transport Facilities

Increased enforcement of parking and moving traffic offences is important. To

protect the function of roads and streets, coordinated and expanded enforcement over on -

street offences is required, including illegal kerbside parking and overstaying, waiting and

loading offences (including at bus stops), taxi over-ranking and unauthorised waiting, bus

lane and tramway encroachment, ignoring traffic bans, vehicles failing to stop at traffic

lights or pedestrian crossings and overtaking and speeding on local roads. Futhermore, the

streets are designed to support a variety of activities, for example through the emphasis on

the elements of opiate traffic (traffic calming) and design a way to maximize the volume and

speed of vehicles, especially private vehicles.

In order to ensure more effective enforcement on roads and streets in urban areas,

consideration should be given to the introduction of legislation to enable civil enforcement

through local councils.


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3.2.6 PARKING AND RIDEThe increasing of private car and limited car parking space in Kajang city center

especially for a centralized parking such as multi storage building forced a user s factor to

park their car besides the road and causing traffic jammed. The parking is influenced by a

desire for environmental sustainability and improvements in urban design.

Figure 31

Figure 32

A fundamental element of Kajang transport plan is provision of park and ride to

serve Kajang with the balancing park and ride needs with other modes uses. Figure 31

indicate a park consider walkability & aesthetics of parking areas. The design and secure

cycle parking racks and storage shows in figure32 is ideal for indoor and outdoor covered

spaces sustainable transport plans for schools, businesses, councils and many others.

Planning permission will only be granted where development provides:

(i) no more car parking than the maximum in the adopted standards(ii) provides parking for disabled persons in accordance with the standards;(iii) at least the level of secure cycle parking in accordance with the standards(iv) lorry and motor cycle parking in accordance with the standards


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3.2.7 URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLESCompatible with existing landforms and natural features, retain, and where possible

enhance important existing urban spaces, townscape, parkland, natural or historical

features; respect the existing layout of buildings within the street space, integrate into the

local community

3.2.8 SAFETY AND SECURITYNow Kajang area is lack of security facilities whether facilities of Fire Station and

Police Station is not sufficient and didnt reach the standards. Comparisons are made

against members of the police to population ratio of one policeman found the population is

1:3205 compared with the standards of 1:200 (MpKJ Local Planning Draft, 2020).

Good planning and environmental design can contribute to reducing the opportunity

for crime to occur and peoples fear of crime. Through the design and layout for Kajang

development a sense of community can be reinforced, investment encouraged and crime

and vandalism deterred. Natural surveillance is a term used to describe how, through the

layout and design of development, public spaces are made safer.

In this case, the Kajang development will only be permitted where it provides:

a. natural surveillance of any public space;b. safe and secure locations for any associated car and cycle parkingc. safe and secure public routes which seek to minimise both actual and perceived

opportunities for criminal activity; and

d. satisfactory lighting.

3.2.9 LANDSCAPE AND BIODIVERSITYLandscape schemes should be seen as an opportunity to retain, enhance or create

habitats and they should be considered at the early stages of the design process. Integrating

Kajang development into its landscape setting can reduce its impact on nature and reinforce

local natural diversity as well as distinctiveness. Existing landscape features include trees,

hedgerows and walls on site. The wider landscape setting of a sites topography, rivers,

streams and green corridors should also be taken into account in order to contribute the

overall landscape and biodiversity of an area, gardens in areas of high density development

with a lack of open space.


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The attention needs to be paid to enhancing the environment along road and rail

corridors and at the gateways to the city centre. Landscape schemes accompanying major

development can also help to create innovative, attractive, stimulating and safe open space.

Through the existing in Local Plan, components of local environmental quality are to

increase a green spaces and attractive streets and buildings with low levels of traffic, noise

and pollution. Poor local environmental quality can detract from city living and act as a

barrier to an urban renaissance. The protection of water resources from potentially harmful

effects development is a key part of ensuring a sustainable development. The Local Plan has

an important role to play in reduce activities development which is affect to the quality of

water supplies or increase flood risk or be at direct risk from flooding itself.

Figure 33: Provision of footpaths more comfortable and safely alongthe sea-Sg.Langat and links between the Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang

Presently, there are several efforts that a necessary to curb deterioration of

environmental quality for the river corridor through the development propose and

restoration work along the river corridor such as provision of public facilities, urban design,

as well as the provision of a pedestrian and river beautification program. Along the

waterfront area should be restored and given an injection and retraction of soft landscape

elements such as the provision of endowment, suspension bridges and an attractive

walkway. Development projects that will come should the concept of river front 'to keep the

beauty and quality of the river.

3.2.10 RENEWABLE ENERGYRenewable sources of energy - wind power, solar power (thermal and photovoltaic), hydro-

electric power, tidal power, geothermal energy and biomass - are an essential alternative to

fossil fuels. Using these sources helps not only to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from


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energy generation and consumption but also to reduce the European Union's (EU)

dependence on imports of fossil fuels (in particular oil and gas).

In order to reach the ambitious target of a 20% share of energy from renewable sources in

the overall energy mix, the EU plans to focus efforts on the electricity, heating and cooling

sectors and on biofuels. In transport, which is almost exclusively dependent on oil, the

Commission hopes that the share of biofuels in overall fuel consumption will be 10% by

2020.

3.2.11 AIR QUALITYThe voting system is a way for customers of Air Energy Consulting (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. to

change its popularity at Malaysia.com. You may vote for or against Air Energy Consulting

(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. and your vote will affect its score on Malaysia.com.

3.2.12 WATER QUALITY AND DRAINAGESungai Langat is 120km long and originates from the Main Range. In the year 2000,

the Selangor State Government and the Department of Environment (DOE) adopted Sungai

Langat in an effort to preserve the river and to improve the river's water quality through

extensive clean-up operations, controlling the discharge of effluents into the river as well as

conducting frequent checks on the level of water quality. The water quality for Sungai

Langat is currently rated as Class III (pollute). Deterioration of water quality in Sungai Langat

is closely Sg. Balak related to the location and position of the sources of pollution of river

water such as residential areas and industrial Catchment area Sungai Langat. Without

preventive measures and improvement of water quality, it would have implications for the

water pollution in the river basins downstream.

Water quality has become an increasingly significant issue as surface run-off from

urban areas results in the contamination of the watercourse. A polluted watercourse is

extremely difficult to resolve and is an important issue that drainage systems must take into

consideration.

Runoff from urban areas and roads can have a significant impact on water quality

and may exacerbate flooding downstream. Consideration should be given to how the

additional development will impact on river/wetland habitats or species with regard to


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water quality and drainage. Proper design and planning can avoid or minimise the impact.

Where appropriate the use of Sustainable Drainage measures will be encouraged. The

Kajang authority used four general methods of control which are filter strips and swales,

filter drains and permeable surfaces, infiltration devices, wetlands, basins and ponds to

ensure that the control of surface water run-off and water quality is improved. The controls

should be located as close as possible to where the rainwater falls, providing attenuation for

the runoff. However the extant of existing urban drainage systems can cause problems of

flooding, pollution or damage to the environment and are not proving to be sustainable.


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4.0 SUMMARY

4.1 RECOMMENDATION

In theory, development that is sustainable and not damaging to the planet is very possible.

However, in reality there are a lot of challenges involved. The current urban issue in Kajang

include the increasing of population, traffic congestion and environment impact.

The urban design issues such as traffic congestion and environmental problem can

be solve by closing the road from allowing private transport entering the City. Only public

transports have permission to go into the City. More park, porous car park and pedestrian

walkway will be built to create green space area.

4.2 CONCLUSION

In addition to social, economic, and environmental health, sustainable communities

are about the participation of all elements of society in decision-making processes. Local

governments can help their communities to become more sustainable, but they cannot do it

without a mandate from, and the participation of the local community.

Road safety and accident reduction measures are typically inexpensive to

implement. However, they provide significant social and economic benefits. There are a

variety of ways to improve road safety, including resolving road layout problems, road user

education, enforcement of traffic regulations and road and vehicle engineering measures.

Documents

Sustainable Urban City of Kajang