CIVIL & STRUCTURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT

THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA

REPORT OF PROJECT SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING

SEMESTER II, SESSION 2012/2013

KKKH4284 SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING

Assignment Title:

KAJANG SUSTAINABLE CITY CONCEPT

( SIMCITY)

Lecturer:

PROF. IR. DR. RIZA ARIQ ABDULLAH BIN O.K RAHMAT

Group Member:

NURSYAHIDA BINTI BAHARIN A128791

RABIAH ADAWIYAH BINTI ABD RAHMAN A128847

NURFARAHIN BINTI MOHD ZULKIFLI A128904

MUHAMAD RAFI BIN AHMED SHUKOR A128909

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Kajang and its surrounding areas is a sub district within Hulu Langat District in the state of

Selangor. It was situated approximately 14 miles southern of kuala Lumpur. From Kuala

Lumpur, Kajang can be reached by road and rails. The population for Kajang is about 342,657

and the region is about 9298 hectares.

If viewed from topographical perspective, Kajang sub district is located on a highland

areas which is approximately 76,250 cm from the sea level. Most of the landscape is hilly filled

with mountains its flatlands can be found in the river basin such as Sungai Langat, Sungai Bangi,

Sungai Semenyih and Sungai Chua.

The population centres are at Sg kantan, Sg Jelok, Sungai Chua, Jalan Reko, Taman

Prima Saujana, Taman Kantan Permai and Taman kajang prima. The separation of ethnic is

about 60.4% malay, 19.3% Chinese, 9.7 % Indians and others ethnics is about 0.6%. The

employment in Kajang is coming from the industrial sector, public sector, private sectors and

also agricultural.

Every district or places have their own landmark. One of Kajang's landmarks is Stadium

Kajang which is situated in the heart of the town.  It is near a popular hangout place among the

locals named Haji Samuri, which is also home to the famous dish satay Kajang. Another

landmark is the Kajang Mosque, which is easily recognisable by its bright yellow facade. The

mosque was painted and decorated by a local wealthy man.

There are a variety of facilities that comfort the community in Kajang. One of the

facilities is public transport such as station bus, cab and railway station. Other than that, health

facilities are provided in this city that is hospital and clinic.

For this project, we need to have a sustainable city in Kajang to ensure that the

development in related to the natural environment, have a good transportation systems, create an

efficient town structure, enhance the living environment and at the same time conserving the

land. Other than that, we also need to ensure the safe and healthy living environment that can

cater for the need of all residence including disabled, disadvantages and the aged.

There is no renewable energy in our city but we produce energy that convert to the

electricity from landfill. We reuse methane gas that produces from the landfill then convert to

energy then make it be as electricity sources.

2.0 ISSUE AT KAJANG

Kajang have a very high density of population and the capacity was exceeding the limit of the

area that should be occupied by the residential. Kajang city is very crowded with people and

vehicles. Thus, it will cause to environmental and social issues. Here are some of the issues that

we figured out at kajang :

1) Higher population: the population in Kajang increase rapidly and it’s also due to the

higher employment such as in commercial sector and public sector. All the residential

will be converged at Kajang city. Thus, the area will be filled with many people.

2) Environmental issue: the increase in population and rapidly development of buildings in

contribute to pollution in Kajang. The critical pollution that occur in Kajang due to the

air pollution coming from transportation and for water pollution coming from industrial

and residential development along Sungai Langat. This situation make the residential

uncomfortable with the environment.

3) Lack of awareness in environmental issue: because of the increasing in population, solid

waste that generated will increase. A proper solid waste management should be done to

reduce the transportation of waste to the landfill.

4) Road congestion: road connection system in Kajang is very narrow and it cannot occupy

the higher density of traffic congestion. Higher traffic congestion happened during peak

hours and weekends. Due to the traffic congested, the pedestrian are not given priority

and the facilities such as pedestrian bridge and sidewalk are not being provided for the

pedestrian. So, the pedestrian safety is not a priority.

5) Demand on residential area. At the centre of Kajang city, the land use is more on the

community facilities components and for the residential areas, it was located at the edge

of the town. There are a few townships have been developed in Kajang such as Taman

Prima Saujana, Taman Kajang Perdana and many more. The increase in population

contributes in demand of the residential areas. But, the land left for the development is

decrease. Thus, we need to have a proper development at the city.

3.0 QUALITY OF DEVELOPMENT

Our city will produce a quality development to achieve a sustainable development. There are

some qualities that should be focused to achieve sustainable development in term of economy

quality, social quality and environmental quality.

a. Economic quality

One of the ways to achieve the sustainable development is through economic health of

the city Economy activity, job creation and poverty should be noted and the role of

informal activities and small-scale trade become important. Example of the activities that

bring to sustainable in economically such as economic activities that can contribute to the

process of environmental awareness such as the production of environmental friendly

products, more frequently involved in activities sponsored activities and social

environmental in order to form a responsible corporate image. Sales of materials for

instance Recycling Program can not only preserve the environment but also can provide

some return economist.

b. Social quality

Sustainable urban development must take into account social justice, basic human needs,

public health, environmental awareness in space and time. Prevent development that

would increase the gap between rich and poor and encourage development that will

reduce social inequality and reduce wastage of manpower. Social equality should be

maintained in terms of economic opportunities in this city.

c. Environmental quality

Sustainable urban development should be carried out taking into account the ability cope

that are consumption of resources, distribution of waste and pollution that is triggered on

the city and surrounding areas. The environmental activity ensure the continuity of

supply of natural resources in the present and future through effective land use, reduction

of non-renewable resources, conversation of biological resources.

4.0 INTEGRATING TRANSPORT AND DEVELOPMENT

In Kajang, mode transportation for the residential is by using train, buses, taxi and private

transportation. For busses and taxi station, it was located at Pusat Hentian Kajang. But at the

City centre, there are no bus stands to drop the passengers. Thus, the bus driver will drop the

passengers in the middle of the main road. The passengers will across the road to go to the

nearby shopping complex. It is not very practical, not a user friendly and unsafe to the

passengers.

In Kajang, there are excess of taxi at the city but there are no taxi stand. So, the taxi

driver will park just beside the major road. This will cause traffic jammed and it cause several

difficulties to the user. The pedestrian network at kajang also very poor condition. There are no

single pedestrian bridge and also zebra crossing around the town. It is hard for the pedestrian to

cross the road during peak hours and weekends.

For train, the location is not very suitable because it was situated in front of the school.

The location of the train station is far from the residential and commercial areas. it is hard for

them to go to the commuter station. During the peak hour, the traffic is very congested due to the

existing school in front of the station. So, we need to come out with the mitigation and

suggestion by having good integrating transportation systems.

Proposed Strategies.

A good traffic management is aimed to optimizing the existing infrastructure and improving the

flow capacity at the city. Additional measures such as traffic signage, pavement line marking and

barrier should be used for the road safety. Here are some strategies that can be applied in Kajang

City centre:

1) Redirecting the movement pattern of using the private transport to the public transport

and also improving the service for public transport such as subway, busses and taxi.

2) Upgrading the road systems by widening and implementing the smart grid system for the

transportation systems.

3) We also suggest making a new Bus Rapid Transit Systems (BRT): BRT is a high

performance of public transportation bus service that combines the bus lanes with high

quality bus station. The organizational, structure and technological advances of the BRT

system are the main factor to increase the efficiency and speed of the buses. Traffic light

will be delayed for oncoming buses. It will decrease the amount of time between stops. A

part from that, a computer chip inside the bus signal will sensor on the road. Then, it will

alert the passengers at the next station if the bus running on time. Besides, fair is paid by

using prepaid systems. So it can reduce the waiting time at bus stop and waiting platform

are elevated to allow for quicker entry and exit to the bus. After that, the busses will

travel in their own lanes which keep the bus system independent to the congested traffic.

4) We also suggest having a metro system in Kajang: in kajang, we preferred to have

subway or underground metro systems. It is because, we can minimizing the usage of the

land use. A part from that, by using subway we can reduce the emission of carbon

monoxide and also reducing the noise pollution in the city. This metro system is an

electric passanger transport system with high capacity and high frequency of services that

totally independent from other traffic, road or pedestrian. The location of the subway

Bas Rapid Transit Proposed Systems

connecting the residential area to the commercial area at the centre of the city and also to

the Sungai Langat region. This Subway also linkage to Balakong which is industrial area.

5.0 WASTE MANAGEMENT

5.1 Recycling

Yet major challenges remain to be addressed. Local authorities’ resources remain limited

as their funding base is restricted and financing by state subsidy. The private sector, for

its part, struggles to access financing, as waste projects are still regarded as very risky.

The concept of the waste sector as a whole, integrating all the various players involved

within an overarching vision of the waste chain, is not yet sufficiently developed. Finally,

public authorities need to learn to switch position to moving from the role of service

provider to that of contractor and regulator. Despite all these challenges, the waste sector

can offer genuine economic opportunities. After all, in an environment where the costs of

energy and raw materials are escalating, waste represents an attractive resource that is

processing it can become a profitable business that leading to the establishment of

sustainable management practices within the sector. Recycling is a good example of a

waste element where it is necessary to work on all aspects if the initiative is to succeed. It

has a social aspect, an institutional or organizational aspect, a political aspect, a technical

aspect, though the latter aspect may get ignored and last but not least an economic aspect.

We proposed to place an environmentally friendly Recycling Center focusing on

reusing today’s household or domestic waste materials to preserve tomorrow’s resources

Metro System Proposed

and to promote recycle in our city. They are green, reduce energy wastage and the most

important thing is they are fully functional as well as any other building.

The aim of this recycling center is to minimize natural resource use while

enhancing social and economic benefits. It is designed to increase the understanding and

appreciation of the environment among the public. The design approach of this project is

to produce an environmental aware community by exposing them to the process and the

importance of recycling. Interactive space among public and learning space to educate

the public are the main concern of the project. Therefore, the space program will be

designed for interaction and education purposed.

Thus, a recycling center should be more than a recycling center in or to promote

and educate the community about recycling. In this project, the recycling center should

hold a commercial area selling recycled product, a place for monthly junk yard sale for

the community to trade or exchange their unwanted useable house hold or furniture, a

gallery and even a cafe.

Recycling center building for our city

This is the recycle center that we proposed to place at Kajang’s city. A recycling center's

purpose is to process and redirect waste material into reusable substances. In many cases,

items constructed from recycled materials can be recycled yet again. This reduces the amount

of garbage that ends up in landfills across the country.

5.2 Landfill

We still provide landfill to dump the excess waste from household and commercial area. We

proposed landfill that came out with many function. Sanitary landfills are sites where waste

is isolated from the environment until it is safe. It is considered when it has completely

degraded biologically, chemically and physically. In high-income countries, the level of

isolation achieved may be high.

There are financial and other benefits to sites with long operating lifetimes. Landfill sites

to sanitary status will also help in capturing the bio-gas as a source of renewable energy.   As

we know that, landfill will generate main gases that are methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide

and carbon dioxide. Capturing and positive utilization of the biogas is not only

environmentally beneficial but also economically attractive. The methane gases produce

naturally from landfill site. The main gases from methane can convert to energy then convert

to electricity. So, we can produce our own electricity from the landfill without have any cost.

Landfill is one of the most environmental friendly and cheapest means of waste disposal.

6.0 RENEWABLE ENERGY

Solar Power Plant

Energy supplies for our entire city are solar power farm. This kind of renewable energy has

many advantages than disadvantages. To make our city become the sustainable environment, we

have to provide this thing of energy supply.

The major advantage of solar power is that no pollution is created in the process of

generating electricity. Environmentally it the most Clean and Green energy. Solar Energy is

clean, renewable and sustainable, helping to protect our environment.

Solar power farm that installed in our city.

7.0 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT FOR KAJANG CITY

7.1 Langat River Basin

The Langat River Basin provides water for its population for domestic as well as industrial and

agriculture uses. However, population growth, rapid industrialization, urbanization and

infrastructure development are changing the socioeconomic patterns of development and

affecting the water quality and ecosystem health of the Langat Basin.

Tropical ecosystems are among the most complex in the world. Defining their health is a

difficult task but concepts, approaches and methods emerging from the literature on ecosystem

health increasingly provide insights in how this complexity can be properly examined and

understood. The Langat River Basin is situated south and adjacent to the Klang Valley

Malaysia’s highly developed urban conurbation where the nation’s capital Kuala Lumpu is

located. The Langat River Basin covers three main districts or 20 Mukim.

Several large federal government projects are located within the Basin. These

development projects have spurred and influx of commerce and industry into the Basin, affecting

not only the price of land but also the pattern of human settlements, landscaes and ecology of the

Basin. The development in the Langat Basin typifies in general the pattern of urban and

industrial development on other parts of Malaysia and Southeast Asia. When new infrastructures,

the most important being roads, highways and bridge, are put in place urban sprawl spreads from

existing urban centre, in this case Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam and Puchong to the

north of the Basin, into areas that are less developed. This leads to the conversion of agricultural

land, and in some instances forest and other natural areas, into housing and industrial estates as

well as business and commercial centre. Such development leads to the establishment of new

growth from existing towns and villages. These areas form new urban centre that replace natural

and agricultural landscapes.

Langat River Basin – Project River Of Life Part II.

We suggest continuing project river of life part II at Langat River. The objective of this project is

to transform the Langat River into a vibrant and liveable waterfront with high economic value.

This transformation is divided into three components that are river cleaning, beautification and

river development.

a. River cleaning.

The objective of the River Cleaning is to clean and improve the water quality from its

current Class III until Class V water quality that not suitable for body contact transform

to Class IIb that suitable for body contact recreational usage.

b. Beautification.

The objective of the River Beautification is to beautify the river to increase the economic

vialibility of the area.

c. River development.

The beautification works will spur economic investments into the areas immediately

surrounding the river corridor. To catalyse development along the corridor, potential

government land will be identified and tendered out to private developers through

competitive bidding. 

This project may increase the monthly income for this city cause of the beautification and the

development. The beautification of the river and the development beside the river can be as

tourist attraction for this city.

Component for transformation of Langat River.

The illusion of the Langat River after transformation

7.2 New Building Development

a. Kajang Business Hall

Kajang Business Hall will join several other governments and private developers that have

constructed green roofs as a way of capturing greenhouse gases, easing water runoff and

potentially lowering building energy costs. Green roofs is located on a roof below the business

incubation centre’s overhead walkway, the greenery has become an attractive place for workers

to relax. The green roof’s insulation has abilities and impact on energy costs.

b. Riverview Hotel (Hotel budget)

It doesn’t take a luxurious property or budget to build in sustainability, but the Riverview

Hotel is a strong example of how luxury and green building can work hand in hand in

the hospitality industry. The design of the hotel will decreasing the hotel’s environmental

footprint by reducing waste and promoting energy and water efficiency.

The hotels are unique because of the high volume of individual guest rooms, each of

which requires its own supply of energy and water known as compartmentalization even when

the room is empty.

To combat wastefulness, the project team installed individual guest room controls which

setback the heating ventilation and air conditioning system and turn off the lights when rooms

are unoccupied. Another cool feature of the hotel is its U-shaped design, facing out toward the

beach. Not only does this intelligent use of passive-solar design maximize ocean views and

breezes for hotel guests, but it also increases the amount of natural daylight entering common

areas and guest rooms. This reduces the need for artificial lighting and creates a healthier indoor

environment for guests. All in all, a look at the Riverview Hotel’s sustainability efforts reveals

multiple takeaways for prospective green hotels

c.Renaissance Hotel

This hotel concept of the Eco Factor that is energy efficient hotel complex. The concept revolves

around three themes, the analysis of the historical city with its arches, vaults and arcades, a close

relation to the master plan with its boulevards, plazas and narrow streets and a focus on human

beings. The rooms of this 5-star development will be one-of-a-kind and integrate luxurious

bathrooms, as a kind of private spa-rooms.

Illuminating the interiors will largely depend on daylight, which is a general them

throughout the building complex. The large windows will also provide a visual connection to the

outside greenery, which makes the atmosphere in the rooms more relaxing and impressive

d. Kajang Conventional Center

The concept of this building is zero carbon footprint. There, things take a turn for the higher-

technology that sophisticated heating and cooling systems that that use minimal amounts of

juice, all linked up to a central computer that monitors environmental conditions in real time

and adjusts electricity consumption accordingly. When the building is stuffed with guests, it

even traps their radiating heat and water vapor to be stored for later use.