Sustainable Mobility for Indian Cities

Case Study of Delhi Metro

By

Satish Kumar, Principal Advisor Electrical

Former Director (Elect) (June, 1998 to March, 2013)

International Congress on Green Urban Futures Bangalore

6th November 2014

Satish Kumar , Principal Adviser (Elect.) DMRC

• Mr Satish Kumar, presently Principal Adviser (Elect) DMRC has been Director in Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) from June 1998 to March 2013 and also Government of India nominee Director on the Boards of Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation (2006-2013) and Chennai Metro Rail Corporation (2010-2013).

• Having been associated as Director with DMRC strategic projects right since its inception from 1998 for about 15 years ,Mr Kumar has been one of the main persons of team DMRC for success of Delhi Metro Rail Projects of Phase 1&2. He has contributed immensely in introduction and implementation of the state of the art technologies, in Metro Project-Rolling Stock ,Signaling ,AFC and Traction to a time bound program ,which has revolutionized the mass transit scenario of the Capital and contributed towards reducing carbon emissions in the city. 2

Satish Kumar , Principal Adviser (Elect.) DMRC

(Cont’d)

• He has also been Director in charge of Operations and Maintenance in the initial years till 2005.

• A former officer of Indian Railways Service Of Electrical Engineers having over 47 years of Professional Experience spanning Metro Corporations (16 years),Ministry of Defence (5 years) and Indian Railways (26years) has been conferred with many Awards during the last 10 years , recent being the awards by ITE,UK, Delhi Branch (2012), Global Alumni Award by Delhi Technological University(2012)” and Lifetime Achievement Award “By the Institution of Engineers (India) Delhi State (2013).

Contents • DMRC Network and Operational Highlights. • Vision & Mission to achieve sustainable Metro. • Implementation and System Approach.

– Planning stage – Design stage – Construction stage – O&M stage

• Conclusion

N DELHI 1. Country’s capital. 2. Population –17 Mn 3.Vehicles › 7.7 Mn 4.Heavy pollution 5.High rate of road

accidents 6.Many corridors carry

more than 20000 PHPDT

7.Rly Network – 144 km

8.Rly carries only 2% of commuters.

Delhi is the 2nd City in the Country to have a Metro System, 1st being Kolkata

6

1833 1,20,000 People 1936 6,00,000 People 1991 93,70,000 People 18,12,967 Vehicles 2011 1,67,00,000 People 77,70,000 Vehicles

DELHI – Population and Transport

5 Fatal accidents every day 3 Major road accident injuries

everyday Buses – main source of road

accidents Main source of pollution :

Vehicular 64% 70% of pollution contributed by

two-wheelers Vehicle population of Delhi

higher than cumulative vehicle population of Mumbai , Kolkata and Chennai

TIS HAZARI

C. PLACE

CENTRAL SECTT

PATEL CHOWK

TILA

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1800

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A D

EP

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PHASE – I, PHASE – II

& Extension to NCR

At Grade Elevated U/ground

ANAND VIHAR ISBT

KAUSHAMBI

VAISHALI

BADARPUR

JLN STADIUM

MOOLCHAND LAJPAT NGR

RACE COURSE

JOR BAGH

INA AIIMS

UDYOG BHAWAN

QUTUB MINAR

GREEN PARK

HAUZ KHAS

SAKET

MALVIYA NAGAR

• Metro Network - 190 km

• Stations - 143 ( 9 interchange)

• Train Sets - 208

• Train Trips - 2700 per day

• Daily ridership on week days(2014) – About 2.7 million

per day

• Annual ridership (2013) - 757 million

• Average Punctuality - 99.91 %

• Punctuality measured with a least count of 59 seconds

Salient Features & Operational Highlights

CRRI Study A study by Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi captured the environmental, economic and social benefits of Delhi Metro Phase- I and II. Quantified benefits of Delhi Metro for Ph-I & II:

Descriptors Phase –I

2007 Phase –I & II

2011

Phase- I & II *2014

No. of vehicles off the road daily

16895 117249 390971

Annual reduction in fuel consumption (t)

24691 106493 276000

Annual reduction in pollutants (t)

31520 179613 577148

Savings in time per trip (minutes)

31 28 32

Annual reduction in fatal accidents (No.)

21 111 125

Annual reduction in all accidents (No.)

93 591 937

*For ridership of 27 Lakhs

CRRI Study Benefits of Phase-I &II in the year 2014: Descriptors Phase –I & II

2014 Cost of saved time by metro passengers (Cr. Rs)

4,107

Cost of savings in fuel (Cr. Rs) 1,972#

Saving of Vehicles (capital + Operating) cost (Cr. Rs)

2,617

Cost of less pollution saved (Cr. Rs) 489

Cost of accident saved (Cr. Rs) 63

Cost of time and fuel saved due to decongestion (Cr. Rs)

491

Cost of saved in annual infrastructure maintenance (Cr. Rs)

625

Total Cost of all Benefits (Cr. Rs) 10,364

#Figure after deducting the electricity charges.

• DMRC Vision, Mission and Culture - 1998 included • Delhi Metro to be world class standard in regard to

safety, reliability, punctuality, comfort and customer satisfaction.

• Metro to operate on sound commercial lines obviating the need for govt. support.

• Construction activity should not inconvenience or endanger public life nor should lead to ecological or environmental degradation.

• Stations to be spotlessly clean. • In other words – Environmental, Social & Economic concern to be

addressed from Planning to O&M stage.

How Achieved?

System’s Approach

For achieving sustainability, following policies have been incorporated; using a systems approach: • Environmental Policy • Sustainability in Motion Policy • Energy Management Policy • Water Policy • Waste Management Policy • Quality Policy • Solar Policy

• Environmental Management Manual – a part of all contracts

• All construction works to be barricaded. • All construction equipment should be washed clean of

visible dirt/mud before existing the construction sites. • Washing of vehicles’ tyre before going on the road. • At construction depots and batching plants temporary

drainage works should be maintained, removed and re-instated as necessary and all other necessary precautions should be taken foe avoidance of damage by flooding and silt.

• Sedimentation tanks or other acceptable measures, of sufficient capacity to trap silt-laden water before discharge into the outlet drain should be provided.

Contract and Design Stage

• Scheduling truck loading, unloading, and hauling operations so as to minimise noise impact near sensitive locations and surrounding communities.

• No lubricants, oils, solvents or paint products should be allowed to discharge into water courses. Storage areas should have adequate ventilation and be covered to prevent rain entering.

• The environmentally hazardous waste shall be stored on an impermeable surface.

• All plants /equipment/ machinery shall be well maintained by regular servicing and kept free from oil/grease dripping.

• Contractor shall avoid cut and fill in the root zones. • The contractor should use energy efficient pumps (at least

80% efficiency) and motors (95% efficiency or more). • Signage and barriers for protecting and guiding pedestrians. • Provision of sidewalks of least 2m where feasible.

Contract and Design Stage

Contract and Design Stage

•Metro is Energy intensive – Traction, Air conditioned coaches, Other passenger facilities at stations – Lifts, Escalators etc. •Selection of Design & Technology to optimise Energy consumption and Maintenance. •Construction of stations on hump •Adoption of regenerative breaking in rolling stock •Adoption of light weight steel coaches •Use of 25kvac traction as a choice •In the design of air condition •1% ambient criteria adopted

Contract and Design Stage

• Optimum temp. For station • W- design index- carefully chosen • Selection of energy efficient equipment • Energy efficient lights • Sky lights/ambient light used in station design i.e.

Energy efficient building architecture. • Solar Power at Stations e.g. 501 kWp PV plants

under RESCO model at stations.

Energy Efficiency

Year (FY) Energy (Million Units)

Traffic (Million Passenger KM)

2009-10 254 4200 2010-11 422 7869 2011-12 577 8830 2012-13 596 10502

% increase w.r.t 2009-10 134.6% 150%

•Thus while traffic increased by 150%, energy consumption has increased by 134.6%. •In 2012-13 though the traffic (passenger km) has gone up by 18.9% w.r.t 2011-12, the energy consumption has gone up by 3.3% only.

Energy Efficiency

• In Phase I stations total energy consumption

was 70 kWh/ sq. m, in Phase II it is 47 kWh/sq. m.

• Number of obtainable VER are 6404 and 5707 for the years 2012 and 2013 respectively.

• Therefore, the Energy Management Policy and the Action Plan implemented, has resulted in substantial reduction of energy

Energy Efficiency • Registered 2 CDM projects under Kyoto

Protocol being administered by United Nations framework convention (UNFCC)on climate change.

• CDM on Regenerative Braking – First Railway/Metro.

• CDM project on Model Shift

Last Mile Connectivity • Feeder Bus service • Bicycle service • Battery operated Taxis from stations. • Bicycle parking at nominal rate • Bicycle rental Scheme at Vishwavidyalaya

Quality, Environment, Health & Safety (QEHS) Policy (Operations And Maintenance)

DMRC is firmly committed to providing ‘Sustainability in Motion’ by ensuring involvement of its commuters employees, contractors and supplier, other stakeholders. DMRC shall strive to work towards:- • Adopt best available practices in every maintenance activity to

improve quality of service. • Timely delivery of services to achieve commuter satisfaction. • Prevention of pollution, injury and ill health by adopting suitable

policies, processes and procedures. • Consideration of energy efficient, environment friendly, health and

safety issues in operation and maintenance. • Compliance with all applicable EHS legislations and other

requirements to which we subscribe. • Ensure motivation, involvement and participation of all

stakeholders to our QEHS Management System through training, awareness and continuous competence building.

• Continual improvement in quality, environment, health and safety targets.

Delhi Metro Rail Corporation shall always look forward to newer and improved ways of fulfilling the above objectives.

Conclusion • Measures initiated by DMRC from the very inception are

resulting in – Environmental Sustainability by way of reduction in CO2

emission, traffic congestion, etc. – GHG Emission by Transport Sector in Delhi

• 1998: 64% • 2012: 46%

– Economic Sustainability by way of energy efficient equipments, dependence on oil, vehicle load, time saving etc.

– Also in Social Sustainability by way of neighbourhood development, indirect job creation, assurance of safety not only to those who use the system but also to others.

• In short it is contributing to large extent on sustainable mobility in transportation in Delhi which was not there earlier.

Thanks You For

giving me an opportunity for sharing my views

Impact

• It is considered safe, punctual, secure and convenient mode of transport by commuters. Some sections are overcrowded.(2013 Survey :Overall rating 7.1 out of 10)

• Delhi Metro was registered in UN under the Clean Development Mechanism for reduction of carbon emission on account of regeneration of energy with regenerative braking

• In March, 2010 DMRC bagged the ‘Most Improved Metro’ Award at the 3rd Metro Awards Ceremony held in London.

• Ridership is expected to be about 2.8 m on working day by Dec. 2014

• Delhi Metro is a member of the Nova (medium metros) Benchmarking Group. Its ridership qualifies for COMET group of big metros in the world.