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8/8/2019 Susan Eye Mouse Track
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/susan-eye-mouse-track 1/21
Gaze, Eye Tracking
and Mouse Tracking
Human Computer Interaction
Topic 1 - Design and Evaluation
Student: Susan Möller Ferreira
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Eye Tracking and Mouse
Tracking
Both techniques can be use to identify
users’ attention. Mouse-tracking - identify users’ attention
while visiting a web site.
Tools for usability evaluation.
Mouse-tracking - Web Pages usability
evaluation.
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Eye-tracking
Device for measuring eye positions and eyemovements.
Principal methods: Search coils - Uses an attachment to the eye, such as a
special contact lens with an embedded mirror or magnetic fieldsensor, and measure the movement of the attachment. Providedextremely sensitive recordings of eye movement.
Electrooculogram - Uses electrical potentials measured withcontact electrodes placed near the eyes. Is most useful for measuring the rapid eye movements. Method of choice for
measuring REM during sleep. Video recording - Non-contact method. Light, typically
infrared, is reflected from the eye and sensed by a videocamera or other specially designed optical sensor. Mostpopular . Preferred for being non-invasive and inexpensive.
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Cost x sensitivity
Method choice - should consider the cost andapplication.
Most sensitive
expensive requiring expertise to operate properly.
Low cost useful for many applications easy to use
Interpretation of the results - requires someexpertise
poorly calibrated system can produce erroneous data.
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Application Commercial
Commercial sector :web usability, advertising,sponsorship, package design and automotiveengineering.
Presenting a stimulus to a sample of consumers while an eye tracker is used torecord the activity of the eye.
Examples - websites, television programs,
sporting events, films, commercials, magazines,newspapers, packages, shelf Displays,consumer systems (ATMs, checkout systems,kiosks), and software.
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Application Research
Web usability - Analyze user interaction,quantifying which sections of a webpage areread, quick looked at, or skipped/ignored.
Psychology experiments - It provides concretedata that may reflect the cognitive states of individuals.
Example:
Compare the difference between the eye-movementof novice and experienced drivers.
Compare the difference between and younger andelderly people in walking.
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Limitations
Measure changes in gaze direction – notabsolute gaze direction.
Calibration procedure user looks at a point or series of points
eye tracker records position.
Calibrating the tool can be a very complex task. “To track eye movements usually requires
sophisticated calibrations and the results are notalways acceptable. One of the serious problems we,as researchers, often face is that the tracker goes off-calibration gradually”.
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Limitations
Consume lot of time for doing experiments
Expensive
Not easily accessible. Studies are regularly performed off line on
laboratory settings
Small number of users;
Different behavior ; Web usability – not typical frequent
visitors.
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Internet Images
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Internet Images
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Mouse-Tracking
Tool for monitoring and visualizing
mouse movement activities on a
website.
Page space like coordinates x and y –
collect mouse position x and y X time.
Very simple to apply
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Relevance of Mouse-Tracking
Previous Research shows (some with eyetracking): visitors move their mouse cursor according to their
focus of attention. strong correlation involving eye and mouse
movements while Web Browsing
Can be use to predicting
point of attention Intent
interest
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Some related scientific articles
How mouse movement could indicate the way user interpretedinformation. 2000 – 2002
Design some mouse tracking systems: Enhanced Restricted Focus Viewer (ERFV) - 2004;
MouseTrack tool - 2006;
Simple Mouse Tracking – 2007.
Applied to evaluate user interaction and assist page designimproving the page usability – 2007
Analyze the patterns of coordination between users’ eye and
mouse movements when scanning a web search results page. -2008 - Reveals 3 patterns of active mouse usage: following the eye vertically with the mouse; following the eye horizontally with the mouse;
using the mouse to mark a promising result.
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Internet tools
OpenCube.com - Tool for mouse tracking.
ClickTale.com - Tool for mouse tracking.
Ojay - library. Mouse.js - Tracks mouse movements and
provides mouseenter/mouseleave events
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Advantages
Mass deployed - large data collections.
Reach typical users and first time visitors
in their natural environment. Continuously test live sites, offering
insight information as new sections are
deployed.
Transparent to the users - navigate as
they would normally do.
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Limitations
Not all data offers consistent information - notall users use the mouse as a reading aid. Some patterns that help to identify users whose
visual focus is not determined by the cursor. Webmaster - visual inspection throw the
visualization tool.
Don’t work for all pages - might interfere withpages that do not conform to W3C standards or
are heavily on scripting tools. Further research and experimentations is
needed.
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Visualization example
Black balls shows the areas on the web sitethat have more activity.
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Visualization example
User’s mouse track and ball represent the time the user spend in some parts of
the web page.
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Visualization example
Mouse trajectory indicating reading behavior and
hesitation in the menu area.
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Visualization example
The green balls represent the time the user spend in each region of the
page, bigger balls indicate more time in that region.
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Visualization example
Path followed by the user in the web page. The user pointed with the mouse to one
result, read the short summary but in the end decided to click in another result.