suriname green economy presentation totten 07-19-10

SURINAME

GREEN

The Nation’s

Global BRAND

Economic Well-being

World Tourism hub

Sustainable exports

Global Solutions

GREEN

ECONOMICS

Essential in

Domestic and

Global Trade

WHY? WHAT? HOW?

Mass

Poverty

Collapsing

Ecosystems

Climate

disasters

Mass

Extinction

WHY?

Humans release as much CO2 every 48 hours as the

1991 Mount Pinatubo Volcanic eruption

Reasons for Action

6 C rise ―would cause a mass

extinction of almost all life and

probably reduce humanity to a few

struggling groups of embattled

survivors clinging to life near the

poles.―

Few species could adapt in time to

the abruptness of the transition.

"With the tropics too hot to grow

crops, and the sub-tropics too dry,

billions of people would find

themselves in areas of the planet

which are essentially uninhabitable."

I Risks to Unique & Threatened systems

II Risks from Extreme Climate Events

III Distribution of Impacts

IV Aggregate Impacts

V Risks from Future Large-Scale Discontinuities

Business as Usual

Source: Dasguta, S. et al. 2007. The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper

4136, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2007/02/09/000016406_20070209161430/Rendered/PDF/wps4136.pdf

Latin America & Caribbean region:

Exposed population to 5 meter Sea Level Rise

Rate of sea level rise

proportional to warming

http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2007/02/09/000016406_20070209161430/Rendered/PDF/wps4136.pdf




7% Suriname population exposed to

1 meter Sea Level Rise























SU

RIN

AM

E

35%

GD

P Im

pa

cte

d @

5 m

SL

R

55%

Po

pu

latio

n Im

pacte

d

% Impact Agriculture% Impact GDP % Impact Population

SURINAMESURINAME

SU

RIN

AM

E

23% impacted







TIPPING POINT Amazon Dieback

Coinciding ENSO & North Atlantic warming

Drought,

Wildfires,

Shift to

Savannah

Lenton, T. et al. 2008. Tipping elements in the Earth’s climate system, Proceedings National Academy of Sciences US, 1786–1793,

February 12, 2008, vol. 105, no. 6, www.pnas.org/

http://www.pnas.org/

Amazon 2005 -- Brazil’s Worst Drought in 100 years

Lenton, T. et al. 2008. Tipping elements in the Earth’s climate system, Proceedings National Academy of Sciences US, 1786–1793, February 12, 2008, vol. 105,

no. 6, www.pnas.org/

DOZEN TIPPING POINTS

Accelerating Massive Emissions &

Catastrophic Collapse

http://www.pnas.org/

Where the world needs to go: energy-related CO2 emissions per capita

Source: WDR, adapted from NRC (National Research Council). 2008. The National Academies Summit on America’s Energy Future: Summary of a Meeting.

Washington, DC: National Academies Press.based on data from World Bank 2008. World Development Indicators 2008.

???

100 yr Global Economic Growth (GWP) compared with Today

Toward Zero CO2 & GHG EmissionsToward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions





Toward Zero CO2 & GHG Emissions












Buildings

Utilities

WHAT?

Mobility

Products

Noel Parry et al., California Green Innovation Index 2009, Next 10, www.next10.org/

http://www.next10.org/

20

per

cen

t

burning and clearing tropical forests accounts for 15-20% of global GHG emissions — more than all the world’s cars, trucks, ships, planes, and trains

combined

$-

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

$30,000

$35,000

$40,000

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101

Year

Bill

ion

$

Cumulative Energy Costs over a century

$1400 Trillion

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101

Years

Te

raW

att

-ye

ars

pe

r y

ea

r (T

Wy

r)

Cumulative consumption 100 yrs & Damages

2600 TW-yrs cumulative carbon fuels

>> $1200Trillion

Climate damages

Additional costs?

• Price Volatility from rapid global

demand

• Oil wars

• Disruption of supplies

• Price Shocks from weather-

triggered disasters

• Oil spills, toxic contamination,

hazardous wastes, radioactive

waste long-term disposal

• Acid rain and urban smog health

impacts on people and food

systems

• Lost opportunities

• TIPPING POINTS

• IRREVERSIBLE DISRUPTIONS

Equal to 28 years at today’s $50 trillion GWP

ADDITIONAL

COSTS?

Zero net cost counting efficiency savings. Not counting the efficiency savings the

incremental cost of achieving a 450 ppm path is €55-80 billion per year between 2010–2020 for

developing countries and €40–50 billion for developed countries, or less than 1 % of global GDP, or

about half the €215 billion per year currently spent subsidizing fossil fuels.

CO2 Abatement potential & cost for 2020

Breakdown by abatement type

• 9 Gt terrestrial carbon (forestry/agriculture)

• 6 Gt energy efficiency

•4 Gt low-carbon energy supply

$-

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

$35

$40

$45

$50

CCS REDD

Geological storage (CCS) vs Ecological storage (REDD)

Carbon Mitigation Cost

U.S. fossil Electricity CO2

mitigation cost annually (2.4 GtCO2 in 2007)

~$100 billion~3 ¢ per kWh

~$18 billion~0.5 ¢ per kWh

$ per ton CO2

Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)

Reduced Emissions Deforestation & Degradation (REDD)

Source: Michael Totten, REDD is CCS NOW, December 2008

0

U.S. fossil Electricity in 2007 2.4 billion tons CO2 emissions

Tropical Deforestation 2007 13 million hectares burned7 billion tons CO2 emissions

$7.50 per ton CO21/2 cent per kWh

$18 billion/yr REDD tradePoverty reduction

Prevent Species loss

A win-win-win outcome

A win-win-win outcome

By

20

20

By protecting

forests we can

provide an effective

bridge to a low-

carbon economy.

forest + land use

$30 billion

Potential carbon market

project investment

(2020)

$150 billion

investing in nature is a cost effective + immediate solution

$4 million to protect the Tayna and

Kisimba-Ikobo Community Reserves in

eastern DRC and Alto Mayo conservation

area in Peru.

Will prevent more than 900,000 tons of

CO2 from being released into the

atmosphere.

Using Climate, Community & Biodiversity

Carbon Standards.

Largest Corporate REDD Carbon Project to date

Pervasive Information & Communication Technologies Key to Success

Using portfolios of multiple-benefit actions to become

climate positive and revenue positive

Radical Energy Efficiency Ecological Green PowerEcosystem

Protection

Adopting Win-Win-Win PORTFOLIOS

1) RADICAL ENERGY EFFICIENCYPursue vigorous, rigorous & continuous

improvements that reap monetary savings, ancillary

benefits, & GHG reductions (same w/ water &

resources)

2) PROTECT THREATENED ECOSYSTEMS

Add conservation carbon offset options to portfolio

that deliver triple benefits (climate protection,

biodiversity preservation, and promotion of

community sustainable development)

3) ECOLOGICAL GREEN POWER/FUELSSelect only verifiable ‘green power/fuel’ that is both

climate-friendly and biodiversity friendly

PORTFOLIOS of Best Policies

Green Economics is achieving

both Zero Net GHG emissions

AND Zero Net Ecological

Footprints

Ewing B. et al. 2009. The Ecological Footprint Atlas 2009. Global Footprint Network, www.footprintnetwork.org/

http://www.globalfootprintnetwork.org/

Ecological Footprint by Country, 2006

Diversity of Portfolios of Shrink, Green & Offset Needed

for Domestic Markets and Global Trade

biocapacity

Ewing B., S. Goldfinger, A. Oursler, A. Reed, D. Moore, and M. Wackernagel. 2009. The Ecological Footprint Atlas 2009. Oakland:

Global Footprint Network., www.footprintnetwork.org/.

Footprint

exceeds

biocapacity

Why USA and China Importing Resources

http://www.globalfootprintnetwork.org/

China ecological footprint

Ecological debt

Ecological reserve

Ecological footprint

biocapacity

GREEN

ECONOMY

direction is

key

ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT

1. Economically affordable

2. Safe

3. Clean

4. Risk is low and manageable

5. Resilient and flexible

6. Ecologically sustainable

7. Environmentally benign

8. Fails gracefully, not catastrophically

9. Rebounds easily/swiftly from failures

10.Endogenous learning capacity

11.Robust experience curve for

reducing negative externalities and

amplifying positive externalities

12.Uninteresting target for malicious

disruption

Desirable attributes

Including poorest and cash-strapped?

Over the entire life cycle?

Through the entire lifespan?

From financial and price volatility?

To volatility, surprises, miscalculations, human error?

No adverse impacts on biodiversity?

Maintains air, water, soil quality?

Adaptable to abrupt surprises/crises?

Low recovery cost and lost time?

Intrinsic new productivity opportunities?

Scalable innovation possibilities?

Off the radar of terrorists, military planners?

Dozen Criteria of Green Energy Systems

Efficiency BIPV PV Wind CSP CHP Biowaste

power

Geo-

thermal

Nat

gas

Bio-

fuels

Oil

imports

Coal

CCS

nuclearTar

sand

Oil

shale

Coal to

liquids

Coal

no

CCS

Promote

CHP +

biowastes

Economically Affordable

Safe

Clean

Secure

Resilient & flexible

Ecologically sustainable

Environmentally benign

Fails gracefully, not catastro

Rebounds easily from failures

Endogenous learning capacity

Robust experience curves

Uninteresting military target

Delphi Scoring of Green Energy

Technology by 12 Criteria

ηeta

SHRINKING footprints through Continuous innovation

Universal symbol for Efficiency

Now use 1/2 global power50% efficiency savings achievable

90% cost savings

ELECTRIC MOTOR SYSTEMS

Solar Fusion Waste ARE Earth Nutrients –

Power in the Photon Bit stream

Solar Fusion Waste as Earth Nutrients –

1336 Watts per m2 in the Photon Bit stream

A power source delivered daily and locally everywhere

worldwide, continuously for billions of years, never

failing, never interrupted, never subject to the volatility

afflicting every energy and power source used in driving

economic activity

Earth receives more solar energy every 90 minutes than humanity consumes all year

In the USA, cities and residences cover 56 million hectares.

100% of current U.S. power demand can be met simply by

applying photovoltaics (PV) to 7% of this area—on roofs,

parking lots, along highway walls, on sides of buildings, and

in other dual-use scenarios.

Urban solar would not have to appropriate a single hectare

of new land to make PV the nation’s primary energy source!

MW

Compared to:Wind power 121,000 MW [158,000 in 2009]Nuclear power 350,000 MWHydro power 770,000 MWNatural Gas power 1 million MWCoal power 2 million MW

Global Cumulative PV Growth 1998-2008

40% annual growth rateDoubling <24 months

2009

20GW

Eric Wesoff, Milestone: 10 Gigawatts of PV in 2010, Greentech Media, June 9, 2010, www.greentechmedia.com/, citing chart by

Shayle Kann.

Market Share Global PV Demand 2009-2013

http://www.greentech.com/

Ken Zweibel. 2009. Plug‐in Hybrids, Solar, & Wind, Institute for Analysis of Solar Energy, George Washington University,

[email protected] , http://Solar.gwu.edu/

mailto:[email protected]

http://solar.gwu.edu/

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. 2010. Solar Photovoltaic Industry 2010 global outlook, February 8, 2010. ASP= Average Selling Price

Solar PV module ASP and cost outlook through 2010

(c-Si and CdTe)

Source: Amory Lovins, RMI2009 from Ideas to Solutions, Reinventing Fire, Nov. 2009, www.rmi.org/ citing SunPower analysis

Solar power beats thermal plants within their

construction lead time—at zero carbon price

http://www.rmi.org/

Germany's SUN-AREA Research Project Uses ArcGIS to calculate the possible solar yield per building for the city of Osnabroeck.

GIS Mapping the Solar

Potential of Rooftops

Germany's SUN-AREA Research Project Uses ArcGIS to calculate the possible solar yield per building for city of Osnabroeck.

GIS Mapping the Solar

Potential of Urban Rooftops

100% Total Global Energy Needs -- NO NEW LAND,

WATER, FUELS OR EMISSIONS – Achievable this Century

SunSlate Building-Integrated

Photovoltaics (BIPV) commercial

building in Switzerland

Material

Replaced

Economic

MeasureBeijing Shanghai

Polished

Stone

NPV ($)

BCR

PBP (yrs)

+$18,586

2.33

1

+$14,237

2.14

1

Aluminum

NPV ($)

BCR

PBP (yrs)

+$15,373

1.89

2

+$11,024

1.70

2

Net Present Values (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratios (BCR) &

Payback Periods (PBP) for ‘Architectural’ BIPV (Thin

Film, Wall-Mounted PV) in Beijing and Shanghai

(assuming a 15% Investment Tax Credit)

Byrne et al, Economics of Building Integrated PV in China, July 2001, Univ. of Delaware, Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, Twww.udel.edu/ceep/T]

Economics of Commercial BIPV

Building-Integrated Photovoltaics

http://www.udel.edu/ceep/

Reference costs of facade-cladding materials

BIPV is so economically attractive because it

captures both energy savings and savings from

displacing other expensive building materials.

Eiffert, P., Guidelines for the Economic Evaluation of Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Power Systems, International Energy Agency PVPS Task 7:

Photovoltaic Power Systems in the Built Environment, Jan. 2003, National Renewable Energy Lab, NREL/TP-550-31977, www.nrel.gov/

Economics of Commercial BIPV

http://www.nrel.gov/

Municipal Solar Financing – Long-Term, Low-Cost Financing

Solar kWh per square meter

JAN FEB MAR APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DECYEAR AVG (kWh/day

per m2)

YEAR TOTAL (kWh/yr per

m2)

30 yr TOTAL (kWh per m2)

Paramaribo, Suriname (Latitude 05º 49'

N Longitude 55º 09' W)

4.1 4.6 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.9 5.6 5.0 4.5 5.0 1821 54,641

@ 10% PV eff m2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 182 5,464

@ 50% PV eff m2 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.5 911 27,320

10%eff Delivered Cost $0.22 per kWh

$ 40 $ 1,202

10%eff Delivered Cost $0.14 per kWh

$ 25 $ 765

Suriname solar levels

Suriname Urban Solar

Potentialarea

(km2)

million

m2

solar

kWh per

m2/year

Paramaribo

District total

solar (million

kWh per yr)

Paramaribo

District electric

consumption

(million kWh per

year)

10% eff solar

pv panel

(kWh per

yr/m2)

Solar PV panels

for 100%

Paramaribo

District electricity

(millions m2)

%

Paramaribo

District area

Paramaribo District 163 1631,821 296,823

1,500 182 8.2 5%

Hashem Akbari Arthur Rosenfeld and Surabi Menon, Global Cooling: Increasing World-wide Urban Albedos to Offset CO2, 5th Annual California Climate Change

Conference, Sacramento, CA, September 9, 2008, http://www.climatechange.ca.gov/events/2008_conference/presentations/index.html

$2+ Trillion Global Savings Potential, 51 gigatons CO2 Reduction

100 m2

http://www.climatechange.ca.gov/events/2008_conference/presentations/index.html

Natural Daylight

Relative Efficacy of Light Sources (Ratio of Number of Lumens of Light Energy per Watt of Power or Rate of Heat Energy Supplied). Source:

Daylighting Design in Libraries. 2005, by Edward T. Dean, AIA , Libris Design Project, supported by the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library

Services, http://www.librisdesign.org/docs/DaylightDesignLibs.pdf .

Incandescent fluorescent daylight

12 66 125

Efficacy daylight vs artificial light

lumens per Watt lumens per Watt lumens per ft2

horizontal surface

http://www.librisdesign.org/docs/DaylightDesignLibs.pdf

www.wbdg.org/ Whole

Building

Design

Guide

Passive Solar Cooling

Passive Solar Heating

Natural Ventilation

Solar Daylighting

http://www.wbdg.org/

Public library – North Carolina

Heinz Foundation

Green Building, PA

Oberlin College

Ecology Center,

Ohio

The Costs and

Financial Benefits of

Green Buildings, A

Report to California’s

Sustainable Building

Task Force, Oct.

2003, by Greg Kats

et al.

$500 to $700

per m2 net

present value

Towards Zero Net Energy &

Emission Buildings

CA

Solar PV Charging stations Electric Bicycles/Scooters

Suriname has offshore wind speeds of 8 to 10 meters per second at 100 meters height. A 3.6 MW turbine in a 9 m/s wind speed, operating 50% the time, will generate 6 million kWh per year. About 200 wind turbines would generate all of Suriname’s current electricity consumption.

SURINAME territorial sea

waters

coastline (km)

nautical miles (nm)

km/nmSuriname territorial sea (km2)

3.6 MW wind

turbine size

coastal offshore area

386 12 1.8258,453

9 m/s avg@ 100 m

Potential turbines (spacing 500

meters)33,814

Turbines for 10X current Suriname

power consumption

2000

Percent territorial waters for 10X current power consumption

6%

OFFSHORE WIND FARM INVESTMENT

Million £/MW

Percent Total Capex

720 MW (£ Millions)

720 MW ($ Millions)

Wind turbine generators (WTG), which make up around 47% at £1.5m per MW.

1.5 47% £ 508 $ 645

Foundations, which make up around 22% at £0.7m per MW

0.7 22% £ 111 $ 141

Electrical infrastructure, which makes up around 19% at £0.6m per MW

0.6 19% £ 82 $ 104

Planning & development costs, which make up the remaining 12% at £0.4m per MW

0.4 12% £ 35 $ 44

TOTAL £ 735 $ 934

Source: Ernst & Young. 2009. Cost of and financial support for offshore wind, A report for the Department of Energy and Climate Change, UK, 27 April 2009, URN 09D/534

Financial new investment by technology,

2009, and growth on 2008, $billion

New investment volume adjusts for re-invested equity. Total values includeestimates for undisclosed deals. * Includes CCS (carbon capture & storage)

Source: UNEP and Bloomberg New Energy Finance. 2010. Global Trends in Sustainable Energy Investment 2010, Analysis of Trends

and Issues in the Financing of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

ηeta

SHRINKING footprints through Continuous innovation

Universal symbol for Efficiency

Aligning utility and customer financial interests to

capture the vast pool of end-use efficiency, onsite

and distributed energy and water service

opportunities.

Dr. Art Rosenfeld Amory Lovins Ralph Cavanagh

KEY POLICY – UTILITY IRP+DECOUPLING

(IRP) Integrated Resource Planning ranks and prioritizes all end-use efficiency, customer onsite resource opportunities and supply expansion options according to least cost & risk

New York

California

USA minus CA & NYPer Capital

Electricity

Consumption

165 GW

Coal

Power

Plants

Californian’s have

net savings of

$1,000 per family

[EPPs]

“Decoupling” & Integrated Resource Planning key to harnessing End-Use “Efficiency Power Plants”For delivering least-cost & risk electricity, natural gas & water services

Utility’s Earnings Go Up even as Revenues Go Down

Customers’ Bills Go Down even as Rates Go Up

Amory Lovins & Imran Sheikh, The Nuclear Illusion, May 2008, www.rmi.org

nuclear coal CC gas wind farm CC ind

cogen

bldg scale

cogen

recycled

ind cogen

end-use

efficiency


How much coal-fired electricity can be displaced by investing one dollar to make or save delivered electricity


cogen

bldg scale

cogen

recycled

ind cogen

end-use

efficiency


Coal-fired CO2 emissions displaced per dollar spent on electrical services


cogen

bldg scale

cogen

recycled

ind cogen

end-use

efficiency

Less Coal Power Plants

Less Coal Rail Cars

Less Coal Mines

More Retail “Efficiency Power Plants” Less

Need for Coal Mines & Power Plants

source: A. Gadgil et al. LBL, 1991

The $3 million CFL factory (right) produces 5 million

CFLs per year. Over life of factory these CFLs will

produce lighting services sufficient to displace several

billion dollars of fossil-fired power plant investments

used to power less efficient incandescent lamps.

CFL factories displace Power plants

LED lamps

Evan Mills, GROCC Demonstration Project: Affordable, High-Performance Solar LED Lighting Pilot via the Millennium Villages Project, http://eetd.lbl.gov/emills

http://eetd.lbl.gov/emills

http://www.lightingafrica.org/

http://www.lightingafrica.org/

Full use of high performance windows in the

USA could save the equivalent of an Alaskan

pipeline (2 million barrels of oil per day), as

well as accrue over $15 billion per year of

savings on energy bills.

High-E Windows displacing gas pipelines

Learning

Sharing

[EPPs]

Finance

Regulation

HO

W?

= hyperlink to Mesh resources

Knowledge toolsK

no

wle

dge

Ne

ed

s

CLICKS AWAY Web access, share,

add, distribute, produce, collaborate around shared vision

Web Network Mesh Template for Prototyping Green Dev.

Imperative

What Makes This

Possible?

•Digital Technology

• Internet networks

• Web applications

• Smart Phones &

Handhelds

1 day of Internet traffic

Kevin Kelly, Next 5000 days of the Internet, TED talk, 12-20-08, www.ted.org/talks/kevin_kelly_on_the_next_5_000_days_of_the_web.html

5000 days ago Pre-Web

Pre-Commercial Internet

5000 days from now

Global Cloud Network

http://www.ted.org/talks/kevin_kelly_on_the_next_5_000_days_of_the_web.html

5 billion cell

phone users

In 2010

UN says

A day of Wikipedia activity

Zoom in of

Wikipedia activity

The WIKIPEDIA Collective Intelligence MODEL:

In 6 years and with only 6 paid employees

Catalyzed a value-adding creation now 10 times larger than the

Encyclopedia Britannica

Growing, Updated, Corrected daily by 100,000 volunteer editors

and content authors

Translating content into 150+ languages, and

Visited daily by > 5% of worldwide Internet traffic.

Size of a printed version of Wikipedia within 72 months (2001-2007)

Open Source & Global Access by Mobile Phones & Handhelds

The Flickr Universe

Launched in 2004 – Over 3 billion by 2008

Social

Collaboration

building a

Shared Vision

Collective

Intelligence

emerging

from Shared

Vision

Architecture of Participation

Norman L. Johnson, Science of Collective Intelligence: Resources for change, in chapter in Mark Tovey (ed.). 2008. Collective

Intelligence, Creating a Prosperous World at Peace, www.earth-intelligence.net.

Utility of expert & collective with

increasing complexity

http://www.earth-intelligence.net/



How to fast-track greener cities

Global E-Sustainability Initiative

IMPLEMENTING 10 IT SOLUTIONS TO SAVE 1 GIGATON CO2

10 IT SOLUTIONS TO TRANSFORM TO GREEN ECONOMY

Economics of the moment

Wealth & well-being over a life time

Value of Life on Earth, Priceless

The Guiana Shield (GS) is one of the most important

centers of species richness on the planet.

One-quarter all medical drugs used

in developed world from plants.

Cortisone and first oral

contraceptives derived from Central

American yam species

Pacific yew in western US yielded

anti-cancer drug taxol

Vincristine from the Rosy Periwinkle

in Madagascar

Drug to prevent blood clotting from

snake venom

Active ingredient aspirin synthesized

from willow trees.

Bioprospecting ecosystem wealth

Using bioinformatic tools

Biomolecules prospected from

different bioresources for

medicinal, therapeutic and other

agriculturally important compounds

Biomolecules for Industrial and

Medicinal Use

Novel Genes/Promoters To Address

Biotic And Abiotic Stress

Genes for Transcription Factors

Metabolic Engineering Pathways

Nutritional Enhancement

Bioavailability of Elements

Microbial Biodiversity

Bioprospecting ecosystem wealth

Using bioinformatic tools

Stephen M. Maurer, Arti Rai, Andrej Sali. 2004. Finding Cures for Tropical Diseases: Is Open Source an Answer? PLOS Medicine,

December , Volume 1,| Issue 3, www.plosmedicine.org/

Life Sciences Open Source Collaboration

http://www.plosmedicine.org/

By 2100, an additional 1700 million ha of land required for agriculture.

800 MILLION HA OF ADDITIONAL LAND FOR MEDIUM GROWTH BIOFUEL SCENARIOS.

Intact ecosystems and biodiversity-rich habitats under constant threat.

Food, Fuel, Fiber, Feed,

Species Tradeoffs?

THANK

YOU!

Michael TottenConservation [email protected]

Documents

suriname green economy presentation totten 07-19-10