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Supernovae by Josh Klimek. Image of SN1994D from http://www.321space.com/gallery_page.html?gallery=stars&image=opo9919i. Historical Observation of Supernovae. Most Recent Supernovae 1054 the Crab Nebula 1572 observed by Tycho Brahe 1604 observed by Kepler 1987 . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Supernovae Supernovae by Josh Klimekby Josh Klimek
Image of SN1994D from http://www.321space.com/gallery_page.html?gallery=stars&image=opo9919i
Historical Observation of Supernovae
Most Recent Supernovae
•1054 the Crab Nebula•1572 observed by Tycho Brahe•1604 observed by Kepler•1987
Image from http://members.aol.com/Artstellar/nova.JPG
What is a Supernova?
Star life cycle image from - http://www.star.ucl.ac.uk/groups/hotstar/images/life_cycle.jpg
Why do supernovae occur?
Evolution of a 25 M☼ Star
Stage Duration
Hydrogen Fusion 7*10^6 yrs
Helium Fusion 7*10^5 yrs
Carbon Fusion 600 yrs
Neon Fusion 1 year
Oxygen Fusion 6 months
Silicon Fusion 1 day
Type IIType Ia
Table values from Universe 7e pg498Chandrasekhar limit http://www.physast.uga.edu
Two Types of Supernovae
Image from http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect20/3_32.gif
Further Differences Between the Two Types
•Absorption spectrums•Luminosity
How Powerful is a Supernova?
"The energy produced by a supernova is mind-boggling: 1044 joules. Is it the same as if each and every gram of the earth's mass was converted to a nuclear bomb 200 times more powerful than the one dropped on Hiroshima." - http://www.religioustolerance.org/ev_young3.htm
•Earth’s mass = 6x1024 kg•6x1024 kg = 6x1027 g•200 x 6x1027 = 1.2x1030 Hiroshima bombs
“The power produced by a supernova is “100 times more energy than our sun has emitted in its 4.56 billion year history.” (Freedman pg 499)
“The rate at which it emitted energy in the form of neutrinos—was 10 times greater than the total luminosity in electromagnetic radiation in all of the star in the observable universe! (Freedman pg 503)
SN2005A Data
•Type Ia – Supernova in a Binary System
•Amberstar A – M1 Ia, Red Supergiant 8.6 light years away from earth
• Apparent magnitude m= -8.6
•Amberstar B – Hot White Dwarf known as a supersoft x-ray source (+500,000K)
• White dwarf is not visible to the naked eye.
• SN2005A occurred at 10:00 PM on 1.1.2005
•apparent magnitude m= -22
•Apparent Magnitude of the sun
•m= -27.7
•Apparent magnitude of the Moon
•m=-12.7
Image from http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/NumRel/Images/massxfer.gif
Location: Olympia Wa
Day Date Rise Conditions 10:00 PM Conditions Set Conditions Sun Rise Sun Set
1 1.1.05 8:45 PM ESE NIGHT 13° SE HORIZON NIGHT 5:50 AM WSW NIGHT 8:59 AM 5:31 PM
15 1.15.05 7:45 PM ESE NIGHT 19° SE HORIZON NIGHT 4:50 AM WSW NIGHT 8:54 AM 5:48 PM
30 1.30.05 6:45 PM ESE TWL 24° SSE HORIZON NIGHT 3:50 AM WSW NIGHT 8:40 AM 6:10 PM
40 2.9.05 6:00 PM ESE SUN 3° WSW HORIZON 26° SSE HORIZON NIGHT 3:15 AM WSW NIGHT 8:26 AM 6:26 PM
50 2.20.05 5:30 PM ESE SUN 11° WSW HORIZON 26° S HORIZON NIGHT 2:30 AM WSW NIGHT 8:08 AM 6:42 PM
59 3.1.05 4:45 PM ESE SUN 20° SW HORIZON 25° S HORIZON NIGHT 1:55 AM WSW NIGHT 7:52 AM 6:55 PM
74 3.15.05 3:45 PM ESE SUN 32° SW HORIZON 22° SSW HORIZON TWL 12:55 AM WSW NIGHT 7:25 AM 6:55 PM
Observational Data on Sirius (Amberstar)
Day Abs Magnitude Apparent Magnitude
1 -5.6 -8.5
1.04 -16.4 -19.3
15 -19.6 -22.5
30 -17.9 -20.8
40 -16.8 -19.7
50 -16.4 -19.3
59 -15.8 -18.7
74 -15.5 -18.4
100 -14.9 -17.8
150 -14 -16.9
250 -12.1 -15
Magnitude Trends vs Time, as Observed from Earth
-25
-20
-15
-10
-50 50 100 150 200 250 300
Days
Appa
rent
Mag
nitu
de
Apparent Magnitudes
•Sun = -27.72•Moon = -12.7•Venus = -4.4•Sirius = -1.5
How Bright Did it Get?
What would be the biological implication of a near earth supernova event?
Is it possible to predict the occurrence of a supernova?
What is Left Behind?
Further Questions?
Image from http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~mc/images/Digital/Supernova.jpg