SUNISH Biodiversity Ppt

8/12/2019 SUNISH Biodiversity Ppt

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BIODIVERSITY :VALUES AND

THREATS


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What is BIODIVERSITY ?

Refers to the numbers, variety and variabilityof living organisms and ecosystem.

Includes all terrestrial, marine and other

aquatic organisms.

Covers diversity within species, between

species as well as variations among

ecosystems. To date, biologists have identified and named

more than 1.8 million species, and they

estimate that at least 30 million more are yet

be discovered.


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Biodiversity is the totality of

Genetic divers i ty

Species d ivers i ty

Ecosystem divers ity


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There are 3 components of

biodiversity

1. Genetic diversity- Diversity of genes within aspeciesChihuahuas, beagles, and rottweilers are all dogsbut

they're not the same because their genes are different.


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Ecosystem diversity-Diversity at a higher level oforganization, the ecosystem. To do with the variety of

ecosystems on Earth.

There are 3 components of

biodiversity


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7

Tropical Forest, Deciduous Forest, Coniferous Forest ,Tundra ,Polar ice

Latitude

AltitudeMountain

Ice and

snow

Altitude

Tundra

Coniferous

ForestTropical

Forest

Latitude and Altitude can have similar effects on

communities


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BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA

Thar desert- The climate and vegetation

in this area

is a contrast to the Himalayan region.

Western Ghats- One of the twobiodiversity hotspots in India.

Sunder bans- The largest mangrove

forest in India.

Chilika- This wetland area is protected

under the Ramsar convention.

Himalayas- This majestic range of

mountains is the home of a diverse range

of flora and fauna. Eastern Himalayas is

one of the two biodiversity hotspots in

India.

Source: earthtrends.wri.org


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Comparative statement of recorded number of animal species in

India and the World

Taxa Species World Percentage of India tothe world

Protista 2577 31259 8.24

Mollusca 5070 66535 7.62

Arthropoda 68389 987949 6.9

OtherInvertebrates

8329 87121 9.56

Protochordata 119 2106 5.65

Pisces

2546

21723

11.72

Amphibia 209 5150 4.06

Reptilia 456 5817 7.84

Aves 1232 9026 13.66

Mamalia 390 4629 8.42

Source: MoEF 2002.


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IS THE BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA UNDER

THREAT?

10% of Indias plant species are under threat.

More than 150 medicinal plants havedisappeared in recent decades.

About 10% of flowering plants,20% ofmammals and 5% of the birds are threatened.


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What do we get from biodiversity?

Oxygen, Food ,Clean Water, MedicineAesthetics ,Ideas

Trees make oxygen for us to breath

Plants need insects for pollination.

Animals and birds need to eat plants.

Some animals need to eat the animals that eat

the plants!

But most importantly everything we use comes

from nature!


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Direct Use

Value(Goods

)

Ind irect Use

Value

(Services)

Non -Use Values

Food,

medicine,

building

material, fiber,

fuel

Atmospheric

and climate

regulation,

pollination,

nutrientrecycling

Potential (or

Option) Value

Future value

either as a good

or service

Cultural,

Spiritual and

Aesthetic

Existence

Value

Value of

knowing

something

exists

Bequest Value

Value of

knowing that

something will

be there for

futuregenerations


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Direct Use Value: Goods

Food

Building Materials

Fuel

Paper Products

Fiber (clothing,textiles)

Industrial products(waxes, rubber, oils)

Medicine


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Medicine

About 80% of the people in

developing countries use plants

as a primary source ofmedicine.

57% of the 150 most-prescribed

drugs have their origins in

biodiversity


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Benefits of Biodiversity

Medicines

Plants

Jellyfish & sea

anemones Nudibranchs

Marine slugs


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Food

Today, most people rely on ~20

types of plants, and only 3 to 4

are staple crops.

Diversity is critical for

developing new

strains and breeds, i.e. that suit

a particular environment or areresistant to pests or disease

and as a source of new crops


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Regulating global processes,

such as atmosphere andclimateSoil and water conservationNutrient cycling

Pollination and seed dispersalControl of agricultural pestsGenetic libraryInspiration and information

Scientific and educationalTourism and recreationCultural, spiritual, and aesthetic

Indirect Use Values: Services


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Aesthetic Value


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Should we be concerned about

biodiversity?

What we know:

The Earth is losing species at an alarming rate

Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 species per

hour are going extinct and 20,000 extinctions occur each

year.

when species of plants and animals go extinct, manyother species are affected.


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Threats to biodiversity

Habitat destruction

PollutionSpecies Introductions

Global Climate Change

Exploitation


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Habitat and Degradation

Destruction of biodiversity rich areas like

tropical forests.

Destruction of coral reefs and Wetlands. Ploughing of grasslands.

Aquatic ecosystem is threatened.

Pollution of freshwater streams, lakes, andmarine habitats.


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Threatened Tropical Forests

A world imperiled- forces behind the

forest losses
http://travel.mongabay.com/pix/peru/aerial-rainforest-Flight_1022_1555.html


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Habitat fragmentation

Emergence

of discontinuities in

organisms preferred

environment.

Fragmentation and

destruction of

Great Ape habitat

in Central Africa.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Grasp_africa.jpg


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16 June 2010 Biodiversity.ppt 24

As the human population grows, the demand for Earths

resources increases.

Fossil fuel emissions affect the biosphere


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The greenhouse effect slows the release of energy from Earths

atmosphere.

a. sunlight penetrates Earths atmosphereb. energy is absorbed and reradiated as heat

c. greenhouse gases absorb longer wavelengths

d. Greenhouse gas molecules rerelease infrared radiation


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Biodiversity.ppt

Acid rain is caused by fossil fuel emissions.

a. produced when pollutants in the water cycle

cause rain pH to drop

b. can lower the pH of a lake or stream

c. can harm trees

The levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide rise and

fall over time.


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Rising tides

CapeHatterasin North Carolina


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More pests

White Spruce trees in Alaska


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No snow

Mount Hood in Oregon


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THE CHANGING ARCTIC


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DESERTIFICATION


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Pollutants accumulate in the air.

Pollution is any undesirable factor

added to the air, water, or soil.

Smog is one type of air

pollution.

a. sunlight interacts with

pollutants in the air

b. pollutants produced by fossil

fuel emissions

c. made of particulates and

ground-level ozone


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Biomagnification causes

accumulation of toxins in the foodchain.

Pollutants can move up the food

chain.a. predators eat

contaminated prey

b. pollution accumulates at each

stage of the food chain

Top consumers, including humans,

are most affected


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Introduced species can disrupt stablerelationships in an ecosystem.

An introduced species is one that is

brought to an ecosystem by humans.a. accidental

b. purposeful

Invasive species can have an

environmental and economic impact.


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Modern Extinctions

[the Sixth Extinction] Anthropogenic Causes

Habitat destruction

Habitat degradation

Habitat fragmentation

Exotic species introductions

Overexploitation

Climate change


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Increased vulnerability of species extinction

Ecological imbalance

Reduced sources of food, structural materials,medicinal and genetic resources

Cost increase to the society

Impact of loss of Biodiversity


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Meeting the increasing demand for biological resourcescaused by population growth and increased consumption.

Increasing our capacity to document and understandbiodiversity, its value, and threats to it.

Building adequate expertise and experience inbiodiversity planning.

Improving policies, legislation, guidelines, and fiscal

measures for regulating the use of biodiversity.Adopting incentives to promote more sustainable formsof biodiversity use.

Action for Biodiversity Sustenance


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Promoting trade rules and practices

Strengthening coordination within governments,

and between governments and stakeholders.

Securing adequate financial resources

Making better use of technology.

Building political support Improving education andpublic awareness


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Unless we take action now,children born today will live in animpoverished world.......

THANK YOU

All these creatures need

their homes protected

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SUNISH Biodiversity Ppt