Biodiversity PPT prepared by Krishna Sastry Durbha for Green Earth Organisation, Anaparthy

© GreenEarthOrganization, Anaparthy

BIODIVERSITY

Green Earth OrganizationAnaparthy – 533342

[email protected]/GEOAnaparthy


Biodiversity

• What is it?• Why is it important?• Threats to biodiversity• Impact on human life• Future

03:42:58 AM


Biodiversity – What is it?

What do you think biodiversity is?

What do you think biodiversity is?Biodiversity is the variety of life on

Earth and the essential interdependence of all living things


Types of Biodiversity

1. Genetic diversity

2. Species diversity

3. Ecosystem diversity


1. Genetic diversity - genetic variability or diversity within a species

Paddy – 88,000 varieties

Mangoes – 5000 varieties



2.Species diversity - diversity between different species

Felis domestica Felis tigris



3. Ecosystem diversity – diversity within a region


Plains to Hills and Valleys


Facts on Resources - Worldwide

Total Land Area of Earth – 150 m. sq.km Forest Cover – 38 m. sq.km (25%) 40% of Global Forest Land is in South America,

Africa, and South Asia.


There are 5 million to 100 million species on earth. Only 1.9 million species have been catalogued so far. There are 34 recognised “Hotspots” in the world.

Facts on Resources - Worldwide


Facts on Resources - India

Land area - 3.3 m. sq. km

India occupies 2.47% of World’s land area

and has only 1% of the forest

India has 16% of world human population

and 15% of cattle population

Forest Cover in India – 23.6%


India is sharing 12.5% of world’s biodiversity

India has 3.9% of grasslands, 2.0% of hot deserts, 4.1 m. ha of wetland ecosystems.

India is the 7th largest country in the world and one among the 17 mega diversity centers.

India and Biodiversity


India recorded :

45,000 + species of wild plants

89,000 + species of wild animals

At least 320 species of wild relatives of crops have been originated here.



In India:

• 1,39,000 species of plants, animals and microbes are recorded

• More than 4 lakh species are yet to be identified

• There are three mega centers of endemism and 26 micro centers of endemism



1. Endemism

(0.5% or 1500 species of the world’s

3 Lakh Plant species as endemics

should be present)2. Degree of Threat

Hotspots of India – Three 1. Western Ghats 2. Eastern Himalayas 3. Indo-Burma region

Hotspots


Hotspots


“This is the assembly of life that took a billion years to evolve. It has eaten the storms-folded them into its genes-and created the world that created us. It holds the world steady.”

― Edward O. Wilson


What do we get from biodiversity?

Oxygen

Food

Clean Water

Medicine

Aesthetics

Ideas

Why Biodiversity is important?


1.Commercial value : Oil, Fertilizers etc. extracted from species of plants and animals.

2.Biological value: Pollination, Soil formation, Nutrient enrichment

3.Recreational Value: Can not be measured in terms of money.

4. Aesthetic Value: Art, Poetry, Literature. 5.Scientific Value: Gene Pool, Evolution, Human

Welfare, etc.

Provides food, fodder, fruit, fuel, timber, medicine

Above all Nature has been a great inspiration to most of the inventions helping human life today.




Bio-mimicry


Threats to Biodiversity 1• Deforestation and overgrazing• Agricultural expansion • Forest fires including smoking in the woods.• Spreading urbanization and establishment of

industries


• Over‑exploitation of the resources.• Pollution of various kinds and release of toxic

substances. • Construction of hydro‑electric power projects• Mining activities and quarrying.

Threats to Biodiversity 2


• Habitat destruction and fragmentation of the area.• Poaching / hunting for flesh, fur, skin, horn, nail

and recreation. • Natural calamities like floods, high wind velocities,

earthquakes, etc.,.• Soil erosion and loss of soil nutrients.



• Population pressure and unequal distribution of the resources

• Invasive /introduced species push out natives• Climatic changes - depletion of ozone, global

warming, increased levels of CO2, etc.

• Lack of awareness.


Movie Clipping










“What we are doing to the forests of the world is but a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves and to one another.”

― Mahatma Gandhi


Impact of Loss Of Biodiversity• Global warming and climate change

• Increased pollution• Soil erosion and loss of fertility• Decomposition rate by microbes is altered

• Nutrient cycling is altered


• Reduces gene pool - affects speciation

• Food chain is altered • Alteration in Hydrologic Cycle

Impact of Loss Of Biodiversity


Biodiversity has Intrinsic ValueIntrinsic Value = Something that has value in and of itself

Biodiversity also has utilitarian ValueUtilitarian Value = the value

something has as a means to another’s end.Utilitarian values include:

• Goods• Services• Information


Value of a TreeA tree that lives for 50 years:

• Generates Rs. 5.3 lakhs worth of oxygen

• Facilitates Rs. 6.4 lakhs worth of soil erosion control

• Controls air pollution - Service worth Rs.10lakhs

• Provides Rs. 5.3 lakhs worth of shelter for birds and animals


• Recycles Rs. 6.5 lakhs worth of fertility

• Besides provide flower, fruits and timber

• Think before you cut down a tree it is worth more than Rs. 34 lakhs.

Value of a Tree

http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.freefoto.com/images/15/19/15_19_8---Tree--Northumberland_web.jpg?&k=Tree,+Northumberland&imgrefurl=http://www.freefoto.com/preview/15-19-8?ffid=15-19-8&usg=__MtDvCwQhrJ6XWzdsuqIxpJ-veIQ=&h=400&w=600&sz=97&hl=en&start=57&tbnid=4UNGBuFSfp05iM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images?q=tree+pictures&start=40&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=N&tbs=isch:1&um=1&itbs=1


FUTURE


FUTURE

Future is in our hands. Protect it by behaving responsibly.Save our Earth…….



FUTURE


“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.”

― Mahatma Gandhi


Natural Resources

Indestructible Destructible

RenewableNon-

renewable

Air Soil Minerals

Water Forest

Wildlife


• Buy Local – Buy Fresh• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle• Live and let live – Love Nature• Encourage Endemics• Stay away from chemicals• Plant more trees

What can we do to conserve?


“Be the CHANGE that you want to see in the world.”

― Mahatma Gandhi


One Last Word• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle• Live and let live – Love Nature• Plant more trees

Concluding Movie


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Biodiversity PPT prepared by Krishna Sastry Durbha for Green Earth Organisation, Anaparthy