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Copyright © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Module 12: Sleep and Dreams
Copyright © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
MODULE 12 Consciousness
The awareness of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings being experienced
at a given moment Waking consciousness Altered states of
consciousnessRyan McVay/Getty Images
Copyright © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
MODULE 12 Stages of Sleep
Stage 1- The stage of transition between
wakefulness and sleep that is characterized by relatively rapid, low-voltage brain waves
Stage 2– Characterized by a slower,
more regular wave pattern and momentary interruptions of sharply pointed spiky waves called sleep spindles
Copyright © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
MODULE 12 Stages of Sleep
Stage 3 Brain waves become
slower with an appearance of higher peaks and lower valleys in the wave pattern
Stage 4 Deepest stage of sleep
where people are least responsive to outside stimuli and the wave patterns are more slower and regular
Copyright © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
MODULE 12
REM Sleep: The Paradox of Sleep
Sleep that occupies a little over 20% of an adult’s sleeping time and is characterized by
Rapid eye movement
Increased and irregular heart rate
Increase in blood pressure
Increase in breathing rate
Erections in males
Usually accompanied by dreams
Person’s body is typically “paralyzed”
Copyright © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
MODULE 12
The Function and Meaning of Dreaming
Unconscious wish fulfillment theory (Freud 1900)Proposed that dreams
represented unconscious wishes that dreamers desire to see fulfilled
Latent content refers to the “disguised” meaning of the dream
Manifest content refers to the actual story line of the dream
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MODULE 12
The Function and Meaning of Dreaming
Dreams-for-survival theoryDreams permit information that is critical for our daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocessed during sleep
Copyright © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
MODULE 12
The Function and Meaning of Dreaming
Activation-synthesis theory
The brain produces random electrical energy during REM sleep that stimulates memories lodged in various portions of the brain which are put together to make a logical story line
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MODULE 12
Sleep Disturbances
Insomnia Sleep apnea Sudden
infant death syndrome
Narcolepsy Sleepwalking
Geoff Manasse/Getty Images
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MODULE 12
Circadian Rhythms: Life
Cycles
Biological processes that occur repeatedly on approximately a 24-hour cycle
-Seasonal affective disorder-Jet lag
DaydreamsKeith Brofsky/Getty Images
