Study Material of Class XI 2014-20115(1-89)

8/16/2019 Study Material of Class XI 2014-20115(1-89)

1/116


2/116


3/116


4/116


5/116


6/116


7/116


8/116


9/116


10/116


11/116


12/116


13/116


14/116


15/116


16/116


17/116


18/116


19/116


20/116


21/116


22/116


23/116


24/116


25/116


26/116


27/116


28/116


29/116


30/116


31/116


32/116


33/116


34/116


35/116


36/116


37/116


38/116


39/116


40/116


41/116


42/116

3 ul8 Crises $n & o!n" o8 Ir&G w&r in 0li se "or !n/er"&Fin's were in !rrin' loss &n/ "heir er8orm&n e w&s G!ie" s&"is8&& o!n" o8 "hese 8& "ors, i" >e omes im er&"i?e 8or "he 'o?ernmen" "o &/o " new e o oli # or "o ini"i&"e e onomi re8orms.

: "ise in /rice D!e "o rise in ri es o8 8oo/ 'r&ins "here w&s ress!re o8 in8l&"ion Prior "*hi h /ee en "he e onomi risis 8rom >&/ "o worse.

A Fall in 8orei9n eDc.an9e resereraliBation I" me&ns "o 8ree "he e onom# 8rom "he /ire " &n/ h#si &l on"rol im ># "he 'o?ernmen".

Measures ado/ted 8or +i>eraliBation(i) A>oli"ion o8 in/!s"ri&l li ensin'.(ii) D reser?&"ion o8 ro/! "ion &re&s(iii) = &nsion o8 ro/! "ion & & i"#(i?) Bree/om "o im or" & i"&l 'oo/s

3. Prior/ers.Measures ado/ted 8or lo>aliBation(i) In re&se in eG!i"# limi" o8 8orei'n in?es"men"(ii) P&r"i&l on?er"i>ili"# o8 In/i&n r! ees(iii) Lon' "erm "r&/e oli #

Page |52


43/116

(i?) Re/! "ion in "&ri88s.

;6 Mention t.e /ositir&n" onom#2 S"im!l&n" "o In/!s"ri&l ro/! "ion3 Che F on 8is &l /e8i i"6 Che F on in8l&"ion: Im ro?emen" in ons!mers so?erei'n"#A A s!>s"&n"i&l in re&se in 8orei'n e= h&n'e reser?es.

Blow o8 ri?&"e 8orei'n in?es"men".5 In/i& &s &n emer'in' e onomi ower 4 Shi8" 8rom mono ol# m&rFe" "o om e"i"i?e m&rFe"

;: Mention t.e ne9atisol!"e o?er"#

Con e " o8 o?er"# line.M&'ni"!/e o8 o?er"#.C&!ses o8 o?er"#.Me&s!res "o remo?e o?er"#.-o?ernmen" & ro& h "o remo?e o?er"#.Po?er"# &lle?i&"ion ro'r&ms (PAP) in In/i&.Cri"i &l e?&l!&"ion o8 o?er"# Alle?i&"ion ro'r&ms (PAP)

1 Mar =uestions0. De8ine o?er"#Ans. o?er"# re8ers "o & s"&"e in whi h &n in/i?i/!&l is !n&>le "o 8!l8ill e?en "he >&sio8 li8e.3. N&me "wo me&s!res "o /e"ermine "he e="en" o8 o?er"#

Page |53


44/116

Ans.The "wo me&s!res "o /e"ermine "he e="en" o8 o?er"# &reI. Rel&"i?e o?er"#

II. A>sol!"e o?er"#5. *h&" is "he minim!m &lorie in"&Fe es"im&"e/ 8or r!r&l !r>&n &re&sAns. The minim!m &lorie in"&Fe es"im&"e/ in r!r&l &re&s is 3744 in !r>&n &re&s 30

7. *h# h&s hi'her &lorie in"&Fe 8i=e/ 8or r!r&l &re&s

Ans. Hi'her &lorie in"&Fe h&s >een 8i=e/ 8or r!r&l &re&s >e &!se "he r!r&l worFe're&"er h#si &l worF &s om &re/ "o !r>&n worFer

9. How &n re&"ion o8 in ome e&rnin' &sse"s &//ress "he ro>lem o8 o?er"#Ans. I8 oor eo le &re ro?i/e/ wi"h hi'h in ome e&rnin' &sse"s, "hen "he# will >e &sminim!m in ome. I" wo!l/ hel "hem in omin' &>o?e "he o?er"# line.

1. *h&" is me&n" ># &>sol!"e o?er"#Ans. A>sol!"e o?er"# re8ers "o "he "o"&l n!m>er o8 eo le li?in' >elow o?er"# line.

2. The o?er"# h&s shi8"e/ 8rom o?er&ll "o !r>&n &re&s. *h#Ans. The o?er"# h&s shi8"e/ 8rom o?er&ll "o !r>&n &re&s >e &!se o8 "he mi'r&"ion eo le "o !r>&n &re&s in se&r h o8 &l"ern&"i?e em lo#men" li?elihoo/.

;. N&me "he ro'r&m ini"i&"e/ ># 'o?ernmen" "o hel "he el/erl# eo le oor /eswomen

Ans. N&"ion&l so i&l &ssis"&n e ro'r&m (NSAP)

# he&/ o!n" r&"ioAns. *hen "he n!m>er o8 oor is es"im&"e/ &s "he ro or"ion o8 eo le >elow "he o?eris Fnown &s WHe&/ Co!n" R&"io

04. *h&" is "he &mo!n" o8 ons!m "ion e= en/i"!re "o /e"ermine o?er"# line in In/i&Ans. Rs. 53; er mon"h in r!r&l &re&s Rs. 797 er mon"h in !r>&n &re&s &" 0elow o?er"# line, wrel&"i?e o?er"# re8ers "o o?er"# o8 eo le in om &rison "o o"her eo le, re'ions or n&

05. *here /o #o! "hinF "he in i/en e o8 o?er"# is 're&"er R!r&l &re&s or !r>&n &re&sAns. R!r&l &re&s.

07. *h&" er en"&'e o8 o !l&"ion w&s >elow "he o?er"# line in "he #e&r 3447649Ans. 30.; er en".

Meanin9 o8 /o


45/116


46/116

• The ons!m "ion wor"h o8 Rs. 53; er erson & mon"h in r!r&l &re& &n/ 8or !r>&w&s Rs. 797 &lso onsi/ere/ 8or o?er"# line.

Cate9oriBin9 /oe l&ssi8ie/ &s h!rnin' oor (who re'!l&rl# mo?o8 o?er"#, liFe sm&ll 8&rmer) o &sion&ll# oor (who &re ri h mos" o8 "he "ime some"imes)

Non6 oor 6 "he# &re ne?er oor

C.ronic %oor

Alws Poor

Criticism o8 t.e /oe"ween "he ?er# oor &n/ "he o"her oor.

Page |5;

Po#ertyine

6on-Poor

poor

poor,ccasionally poorChurning poor

TransientP oor

s!&ll# oor


47/116

• There &re m&n# 8& "ors, o"her "h&n in ome &sse"s, whi h &re &sso o?er"#, liFe & essi>ili"# "o >&si e/! &"ion, he&l"h &re /rinFin' w&"er h&?e >een i'nore/.

• This me"ho/ /oes no" onsi/er so i&l 8& "ors "h&" 'ener&"e &re res ons o?er"#, liFe illi"er& #, ill he&l"h, l& F o8 & ess "o reso!r es /is rimin&"ioreso!r es /is rimin&"ion or l& F o8 i?il oli"i &l 8ree/om.

0;. How "o me&s!re n!m>er o8 oor ("ools "o me&s!re o?er"#) Ans. The sim les" me"ho/ "o /e"ermine n!m>er o8 oor is "he he&/ o!n" r&"io (HCRo!n" r&"io is &l !l&"e/ ># /i?i/in' "he n!m>er o8 eo le >elow "he o?er"# line ># lin

"o"&l o !l&"ion.

• Am&r"#&sen & No>le L&!re&"e /e?elo e/ Sen In/e= "o me&s!re o?er"#.• $"her "ools "o me&s!re o?er"# &re -& In/e= &n/ sG!&re/ o?er"# '& .• $88i i&l /&"& o8 o?er"# is olle "e/ ># NSS$.

Causes o8 /o# "he re >& Fw&r/ness o8 &'ri !l"!re in/!s"ri&l se "or. *i/es re&/ in8r&s"r! "!r&l >o""le n resen"e/ &s & res!l" o8 slow & e o8 /e?elo men" ne&rl# 34 o8 "he o !l&"ion is >elow "he o?er"# line.

Po/ulation eD/losion 6R& i/ 'row"h o8 o !l&"ion, &r"i !l&rl# &mon' "he oor, is res8or "he ro>lem o8 o?er"# in "he o!n"r#.

Hi9. lesis"en e le?els.

Ine=ualities o8 income 6 (&n im or"&n" &!se o8 o?er"# in In/i& is "he e=is"en e ineG!&li"ies in /is"ri>!"ion o8 n&"ion&l in ome on en"r&"ion o8 e onomi ower, >

!r>&n se "ors o8 "he e onomi s) e88or"s "o re/! e ineG!&li"ies h&?e >een ine88e >ene8i"s o8 'row"h h&?e >een & ro ri&"es ># "he ri h se "ion h&?e no" re& he/ "h"he oor. So "he ri h >e ome ri her &s "heir in ome rise &sse"s e= &n/e/.

Social 8actors 6 oin" 8&mil# s#s"em, l&ws o8 inheri"&n e, s"ron' >elie8 in /es"in# 8&"so i&l 8& "ors "h&" h&?e resen"e/ in/i?i/!&ls 8rom "&Fin' ini"i&"i?e risF.

In shor" n&rrows essimis" &""i"!/e is res onsi>le 8or iner"i&, l& F o8 imi"&"i?e Peo le >elie?e "h&" "heir resen" s"&"e is /!e "o "heir /es"in# i" Fee s "he in/i?i/!&l in &ir le o8 o?er"#.

Political 8actors 6%e8ore In/e en/en e, In/i& w&s e= loi"e/ !n/er "he %ri"ish r!le. AIn/e en/en e o"her oli"i &l 8& "ors h&?e &/?ersel# &88e "e/ e onomi ro'ress. oli ies &re 8orm!l&"e/ "o romo"e "he in"eres" o8 "he ri her se "ion o8 "he so ie"# &re s!88ers in "he ro ess.

Page |5


48/116

In8lation 6 The s"ee on"in!o!s rise in ri e, &r"i !l&rl# o8 essen"i&l ommo/i"ies h"o "he miseries o8 "he oor.

Hi9. illiteracy rate 6lower e/! &"ion res!l" in lower in ome &s "here is & osi"i?e orr >e"ween "he "wo.

Poor state o8 a9riculture 6L&>o!r l&n/ ro/! "i?i"# on"in!e "o >e low in In/ConseG!en"l#, mos" o8 "he 8&rmers li?e in & s"&"e o8 o?er"#.

nderutiliBation o8 resource 6D!e "o "he !n e= loi"&"ion n&"!r&l reso!r es o8 "he o o?er"# s re&/s "hro!'ho!" "he o!n"r#.

0e remo?e/ "o & 're&"er e="en", i8 we in"ensi8# 8&mil

&m &i'n re/! e "he in re&sin' o !l&"ion &mon' "he oor.• 9ricultural del

when /!e em h&sis is 'i?en 8or &'ri !l"!r&l /e?elo men". so ("here is & serio!s neenh&n e "he &'ri !l"!re ro/! "ion ro/! "i?i"#) 'o?ernmen" sho!l/ "&Fe s"e s "o ro?ision 8or 8in&n i&l &ssis"&n e "o sm&ll m&r'in&l 8&rmers, hi'h #iel/in' ?see/s, irri'&"ion 8& ili"ies, 8er"ili:ers e" .

• More em/loyment o//ortunities 6 o?er"# &n >e elimin&"e/ ># ro?i/in' moem lo#men" o or"!ni"ies. So "h&" eo le &re &>le "o mee" "heir >&si nee/s.

• +and re8orms 6># "he im osi"ion o8 eilin's on l&n/ hol/in's "heir e88eim lemen"&"ion & 'oo/ &mo!n" o8 l&n/ &n >e & G!ire/ "o >e /is"ri>!"e/ &ml&n/less l&>orer. $n o>"&inin' l&n/, "he l&n/less l&>orers will >e &>le "o "hemsel?es will ro/! e s!>sis"en e 8or "hem.

!.ree %imensional //roac. to remo


49/116

0. Prime ministerGs "oB9ar *o ana(PM"*) 6 This ro'r&m &ims &" re&"in' sel86em lo#o or"!ni"ies in r!r&l &re&s sm&ll "owns. n/er "his ro'r&m, e/! &"e/ !n6em lo#low6in ome 8&milies in r!r&l !r>&n &re&s &n 'e" 8in&n i&l &ssis"&n e in "helo&ns, "o se" ! &n# Fin/ o8 en"er rise "h&" 'ener&"es em lo#men". I" &""em "e/ em lo#men" ># se""in' ! se?en l&Fh mi ro6en"er rises /!rin' "he ei'h"h l&n J0e&rlier o?er"# er&/i &"ion ro'r&mmes liFe In"e'r&"e/ r!r&l /e?elo men" ro(IRDP), /e?elo men" o8 women hil/ren in r!r&l &re&s (D*CRA), e" . I" &i romo"in' mi ro en"er rises "o >rin' "he &ssis"e/ oor 8&milies (Sw&ro:&'&ris) & o?er"# line, ># or'&ni:in' "hem in"o Sel86Hel -ro! s (SH-s). n/er "his ro'r&mm eo le who wish "o >ene8i" 8rom "his s heme &re en o!r&'e/ "o 8orm sel86hel 'ro!Ini"i&ll# "he# &re en o!r&'e/ "o s&?e some mone# l&n/ &mon' "hemsel?es &s sm&L&"er, "hro!'h >&nFs, "he 'o?". ro?i/es &r"i&l 8in&n i&l &ssis"&n e "o SH-s w/e i/e whom "he lo&n is "o >e 'i?en 8or sel86em lo#men" & "i?i"ies.

7. Sam/oorna rameen "oB9ar *o ana (S "*) 6 The s heme w&s l&!n he/ wi"h e88e " 8Se "em>er 3440. The s hemes o8 &w&h&r -r&m S&mri/hi +o@&n& ( -S+) em&ss!r&n e s heme ( AS) h&s >een 8!ll# in"e'r&"e/ wi"h S-R+. The s heme &ims &" w&'e em lo#men" in r!r&l &re&s 8oo/ se !ri"#, &lon' wi"h "he re&"ion o8

omm!ni"# so i&l e onomi &sse"s. The en"re "he s"&"e on "he os" sh&ri;2.9 03.9 JIn l!/in' 8oo/ 'r&ins om onen"s .

9. $ational "ural Em/loyment uarantee ct 200: 6 The & " w&s &sse/ in 3449 "hs heme, i.e. N&"ion&l r!r&l em lo#men" '!&r&n"ee s hemes or NR -S w&s l&!nBe>r!&r# 3441. The &im o8 "he & " is "o ro?i/e '!&r&n"ee/ w&'es em lo#men"

ho!sehol/s. n/er "his ro'r&mme, ?ol!n"eer &/!l"s will >e ro?i/e/ !nsFille/ m&n!&l wo8or & minim!m o8 044 /s in & #e&r. Those &nno" >e em lo#e/ em lo#ers !ns heme were 'i?en w&'es 8or "hose 044 /s.

1. Prad.an Mantri ramodaya *o ana (PM *) 6 This ro'r&mme w&s in"ro/! e/ in 3444640, wi"h "he o>@e "i?e o8 8o !sin' on ?ill&'e le?el /e?elo men" in 8i?e ri"i &l &re&

i. He&l"hii. Prim&r# /! &"ioniii. DrinFin' w&"er i?. Ho!sin' r!r&l ro&/s?. Im ro?in' G!&li"# o8 li8e o8 eo le in r!r&l &re&s.

PM-+ in l!/es "hese ro@e "s 6&. Pr&/h&n M&n"ri -r&m S&/&F (PM-S+) >. Pr&/h&n M&n"ri 'r&mo/#& #o@n& J-r&min &w&s

. Pr&/h&n M&n"ri 'r&mo/#& #o@n&6 R!r&l /rinFin' w&"er ro@e ".

2. $ational Social ssistance Pro9ramme ($S P) 6 NSAP w&s in"ro/! e/ on 09"h A!'!s"0# ol/ &'e, /e&" >re&/ e&rner m&"erni"# &re. The ro'r&mme h&s "hree om onen"s

Page |54


50/116

i. N&"ion&l ol/ &'e ension s heme (N$APS)ii. N&"ion&l 8&mil# >ene8i"s s heme (NB%S)iii. N&"ion&l >ene8i" s heme (NM%S).

Minimum $eeds /ro9rammers 6 The "hir/ & ro& h is "o ro?i/e minim!m >&si &meni"he eo le. In/i& w&s &mon' "he ioneers "h&" i" wo!l/ ?is!&li:e "h&" "hro!'h !>li e=on so i&l ons!m "ion nee/s. (Boo/ 'r&ins &" s!>si/i:e/ r&"es, e/! &"ion, he&l"h, w&"er s&ni"&"ion) eo le s li?in' s"&n/&r/ o!l/ >e im ro?e/. Pro'r&mmers !n/er "his & ro

e= e "e/ "o s! lemen" "he ons!m "ion o8 "he oor. Cre&"e em lo#men"s in he&l"h 5 m&@or ro'r&ms "h&" &ims &" im ro?in' "he 8oo/ n!"ri"ion&l s"&"!s o8 oor &re 6

i. P!>li /is"ri>!"ion s#s"emii. in"e'r&"e/ hil/ /e?elo men" s hemeiii. mi// me&l s heme

C.a/ter 16 " " + %E E+#PME$!

+earnin9 #> ecti&sis o8 "imeo $n "he >&sis o8 !r ose

So!r es o8 R!r&l Cre/i"o Non Ins"i"!"ion&l So!r eso Ins"i"!"ion&l So!r es

Cri"i &l A r&is&l o8 R!r&l %&nFin'

A'ri !l"!r&l M&rFe" s#s"emo Me&s!res "o im ro?e &'ri !l"!r&l m&rFe"in'o De8e "s o8 A'ri !l"!r&l m&rFe"in' in In/i&o Reme/i&l me&s!res 8or Im ro?emen" o8 A'ri !l"!r&l m&rFe"in'o mer'in' Al"ern&"e M&rFe"in' Ch&nnels

Di?ersi8i &"ion o8 A'ri !l"!r&l & "i?i"ieso Di?ersi8i &"ion o8 Cro ro/! "iono Di?ersi8i &"ion o8 ro/! "i?e o8 & "i?i"ies

S!s"&in&>le De?elo men" &n/ $r'&ni B&rmin'o Me&nin' o8 $r'&ni B&rmin'o %ene8i"s o8 $r'&ni B&rmin'o Ch&llen'es >e8ore $r'&ni 8&rmin'

?&l!&"ion o8 R!r&l De?elo men"

Page |0


51/116

1 Mar ;uestion

0 Q) *h&" /o #o! me&n ># R!r&l De?elo men"

Ans R!r&l De?elo men" is & on"in!o!s om rehensi?e so io6e onomi ro ess, &""im ro?e &ll &s e "s o8 r!r&l li8e.

3 Q) *h&" is &'ri !l"!r&l /i?ersi8i &"ion essen"i&l 8or s!s"&in&>le li?elihoo/

Ans A'ri !l"!r&l /i?ersi8i &"ion is essen"i&l 8or r!r&l eo le "o 'ener&"e s! lemen"&em lo#men" &n/ re&li:in' hi'her le?el o8 in ome.

5 Q) *h&" is oo er&"i?e m&rFe"in'Ans Coo er&"i?e m&rFe"in' re8ers "o & s#s"em in whi h m&rFe"in' so ie"ies &re 8&rmers "o sell "he o!" !" olle "i?el# &n/ "o "&Fe &/?&n"&'e o8 olle "i?e >&r'in'

7 Q) *h&" /o #o! me&n ># &'ri !l"!r&l m&rFe"in'Ans A'ri !l"!r&l m&rFe"in' is & ro ess "h&" in?ol?es "he &ssem>lin', s"or&'e, ro"r&ns or"&"ion, & F&'in', 'r&/in' &n/ /is"ri>!"ion o8 /i88eren" &'ri !l"!r&l ommo/i"i

"he o!n"r#.9 Q) *h&" &re "he 3 &s e "s o8 /i?ersi8i &"ion o8 & "i?i"iesAns Di?ersi8i &"ion in l!/es 3 &s e "s

i. Di?ersi8i &"ion o8 ro ro/! "ionii. Di?ersi8i &"ion o8 ro/! "i?e & "i?i"ies (Shi8" o8 worF l& e 8rom &'ri !l"!r

&llie/ & "i?i"ies &n/ non6&'ri !l"!r&l se "or

1 Q) Cl&ssi8# r!r&l re/i" on >&se o8 "imeAns $n "he >&sis "ime, r!r&l re/i" &n >e l&ssi8ie/ &s shor"6"erm re/i", me/i!m6&n/ lon'6"erm re/i"

2 Q) *hi h is "he & e= ins"i"!"ion in r!r&l 8in&n in'Ans N&"ion&l %&nF 8or A'ri !l"!r&l &n/ R!r&l De?elo men" (NA%ARD), es"&>lishe/

; Q) N&me "hree ins"i"!"ion&l so!r es o8 &'ri !l"!r&l re/i"Ans 5 ins"i"!"ion&l so!r es o8 &'ri !l"!r&l re/i" &re

i. Coo er&"i?e Cre/i" So ie"iesii. Commer i&l %&nFsiii. Re'ion&l R!r&l %&nFs

< Q) *h&" is /is"ress S&le

Ans I" re8ers "o & s&le in whi h 8&rmers &re 8or e/ "o sell "heir s!r l!s ro/! e "o len/ers or "r&/ers &" lower ri e.

04 Q) *h&" is or'&ni 8&rmin'Ans $r'&ni 8&rmin' is & ro/! "ion s#s"em "h&" s!s"&ins "he he&l"h o8 soils, e os eo le. I" relies on e olo'i &l ro esses >io /i?ersi"# &n/ # les &/& "e/ "o & lo &l r&"her "h&n "he !se o8 in !"s wi"h &/?erse e88e "s.

Page |1


52/116

00 Q) *h&" is Mi ro68in&n eAns Mi ro 8in&n e is & re/i" s heme e="en/e/ "o "he oor "hro!'h Sel8 Hel -ro! s (S-

03 Q) *h# h&?e Sel8 Hel -ro! s (S-Hs) >een se" !

Ans The Sel86Hel -ro! s (S-Hs) h&?e >een se" ! "o romo"e "hri8" in sm&ll ro or"minim!m on"ri>!"ion 8rom e& h mem>er. Brom "he oole/ mone#, re/i" is 'i?en "o "hen!m>ers "o >e re &>le in sm&ll ins"&llmen"s &" re&son&>le in"eres" r&"es.

05 Q) *h&" is me&n" ># $ er&"ion 8loo/Ans $ er&"ion 8loo/ is & s#s"em, where># &ll "he 8&rmers &n ool "heir milF ro/!"o /i88eren" 'r&/in' &n/ "he s&me is ro esse/ &n/ m&rFe"e/ "o !r>&n en"ers

oo er&"i?es.

07 Q) -i?e &n# one limi"&"ion o8 $r'&ni 8&rmin'Ans +iel/s 8rom $r'&ni 8&rmin' &re less "h&n mo/ern 8&rmin'.

09 Q) *h# is minim!m s! or" ri e (MSP) 8i=e/ ># "he 'o?ernmen"

Ans Minim!m s! or" ri e is 8i=e/ ># "he 'o?". "o s&8e '!&r/ "he in"eres" o8 8&rmers.01 Q) *h# /o eo le seeF em lo#men" in non68&rm se "orsAns Peo le seeF em lo#men" in non68&rm se "ors &s &'ri !l"!re is &lre&/# o?er6 r

&nno" o88er &//i"ion&l em lo#men".

02 Q) *h&" is "he sh&re o8 "o"&l 8ish ro/! "ion in "he "o"&l -DP in "he #e&r 3449641Ans 0.7 er en"

0; Q) S"&"e one &/?&n"&'e o8 or'&ni 8&rmin'Ans $r'&ni 8&rmin' reG!ires he& er &'ri !l"!r&l in !"s

0< Q) *h# is "he erio/ o8 0le li?elihoo/ o "ion.

34 Q) *h&" is "he m&in 8!n "ion o8 o6o er&"i?e m&rFe"in' so ie"ies.Ans The m&in 8!n "ion is "o im ro?e &'ri !l"!r&l m&rFe"in'.

30 Q) *h&" is R!r&l De?elo men"Ans 0. R!r&l De?elo men" is & on"in!o!s &n/ om rehensi?e So io onomi &""em "in' "o im ro?e &ll &s e "s o8 r!r&l li8e.3. I" &ims &" im ro?in' "he e onomi So i&l Con/i"ions o8 "he eo le li?in' in ?ill&'es

5. The r!r&l /e?elo men" in l!/es /e?elo men" in h!m&n reso!r e, in8r&s"r! "!re &n/ reremo?&l o8 o?er"# &n/ /e?elo men" o8 ro/! "i?e reso!r es "o im ro?e em lo#men".

Page |2


53/116

"ural Credit

0. R!r&l Cre/i" me&ns ro?ision o8 lo&ns s e i&ll# in ro/! "ion 8or &'ri !l"!re &&'ri !l"!r&l se "ors.

3. Cre/i" 8& ili"ies in "he r!r&l &re&s h&?e on"ri>!"e/ & l&r'e in re&se in & ro/! "i?i"# &n/ em lo#men" 8& ili"ies in non6&'ri !l"!r&l se "ors.

5. The lo&ns h&?e ro?i/e/ in r!r&l &re&s "o "he 8r&mes in or/er "o !r h&se m&&'ri !l"!r&l im lemen"s e" .

7. The 'o?ernmen" h&/ &lso ro?i/e/ lon' "erm lo&ns whi h &n >e re &?e/ in 09"o 34 #im ro?emen" o8 "he l&n/, /i''in' "!>ene"h !r h&se o8 "r& "ors e" .

9. There &re some lo&ns whi h &re ro?i/e/ "o 8&rmers "o ele>r&"e reli'io!s erm&rri&'es 8or se""lemen"s o8 ol/ lo&ns &n/ "o s! or" "he 8&mil# in &se o8 & These lo&ns &re &lle/ &s !n ro/! "i?e lo&ns.

Sources o8 "ural Credit

R!r&l Cre/i" &?&il&>ili"# &n >e >ro&/l# l&ssi8ie/ in"o 3 &"e'ories1 $on-institution Sources 6 These &re "he "r&/i"ion&l so!r es o8 &'ri !l"!r&l re/i" in

The# in l!/e mone# len/ers, rel&"i?es, "r&/ers, ommission &'en"s &n/ l&n/ lor/s.2 Institutional Sources 6 The# &re oo er&"i?e re/i", l&n/ /e?elo men" >&nFs, omm

>&nFs, re'ion&l r!r&l >&nFs, 'o?"., n&"ion&l >&nF 8or &'ri !l"!r&l &n/ r!r&l /e?elo m&n/ &lso sel86hel 'ro! s.

9ricultural Mar etin9 System

A'ri !l"!r&l m&rFe"in' is & ro ess whi h in?ol?es &ssem>lin', s"or&'e, ro"r&ns or"&"ion, & F&'in', 'r&/in' &n/ /is"ri>!"ion o8 /i88eren" &'ri !l"!r&l ommo/i"i"he o!n"r#.

Measures to Im/roro!'h" &>o!" 8ollowin' me&s!res in or/er "o re'!l&"e "he m&rFe"s 6

1 "e9ulated Mar ets 6 The 8irs" me&s!re w&s re'!l&"ion o8 m&rFe"s, "o re&"e or/e"r&ns &ren" m&rFe"in' on/i"ion. This is or'&ni:e/ in or/er "o ro"e " 8&rmem&l r& "i es o8 sellers &n/ >roFers.

2 Coo/erati# 8&rmers "o sell "he olle "i?el# &n/ "o "&Fe &/?&n"&'es o8 olle "i?e >&r'&inin' , 8or o>"&inin' & >

Coo er&"i?es &re no" 8!n "ionin' ro erl# in & re en" &s" /!e "o in&/eG!&"e o?er&mem>ers &n/ ro essin' oo er&"i?es &n/ &lso ine88i ien" m&n&'emen".

3 In8rastructural 8acilities 6 -o?". h&/ &lso ro?i/e/ in8r&s"r! "!r&l 8& ili"ies liFe r&ilws, w&reho!sin', ol/ s"or&'e &n/ ro essin' !ni"s.

5 StandardiBation and radin9 6 -r&/in' An/ G!&li"# on"rol hel s 8&rmers "o 'e" 'oo/ ri8or G!&li"# ro/! "s ro/! e/ ># "hem.

Page |3


54/116

Minimum Su//ort Price 6 To s&8e'!&r/ "he In"eres" o8 "he 8&rmers 'o?ernmen" 8i=eminim!m s! or" ri e 8or &'ri !l"!r&l ro/! "s liFe whe&", ri e, m&i:e, o""on, s !lses e" . "he 'o?ernmen" willin'l# will >!# &n# &mo!n" o8 'r&ins 8rom "he 8&rmers &hi'her "h&n "he m&rFe" ri e in or/er "o hel "hem re o?er "heir loss. This is norm&ll#'oo/ oo er&"ion o8 In/i& "he -o?ernmen" in "!rn will s! l# "hese ro/! "s in /is"ri>!"ion s#s"em &'&ins" %PL APL &r/.

%e8ects o8 9ricultural Mar et in IndiaThe e=is"in' s#s"em o8 A'ri !l"!r&l m&rFe"in' h&s no. o8 /e8e "s "he 8ollowin' &re som/e8e "s /!e "o whi h "he m&rFe"in' s#s"em is no" ro erl# or'&ni:e/.

0. L& F o8 s"or&'e 8& ili"# 8or 8oo/ 'r&in &n/ ro s h&s /&m&'e/ "he ro/! "s ei"herinse "s or /!e "o r&in.

3. Dis"ress S&le Mos" In/i&n 8&rmers &re oor &n/ "he# h&?e no & & i"# "o w&i" The# sell "he ommo/i"ies &" wh&"e?er "he ri e &?&il&>le imme/i&"el#. As & res!l"/is"ress s&le o8 "heir o!" !", "o "he ?ill&'e mone# len/ers or "r&/ers 8or oor ri e.

5. L& F o8 "r&ns or"&"ion &s & res!l" 8&rmer &nno" re& h ne&rl# m&n/his "o sell "8&ir ri e.7. Lon' h&in o8 mi//lem&n or in"erme/i&ries >e"ween "he !l"i?&"or &n/ "he ons!mer re/! e "he ro8i" o8 "he ro/! er.

9. There &re &lso o"her /e8e "s liFe l& F o8 ins"i"!"ion&l 8in&n e, l& F o8 '!i/in' e" ..In/i&n m&rFe"in' s#s"em /isor'&ni:e/.

"emedial measures 8or im/rolishmen"s o8 re'!l&"e/ m&rFe"s.

5. Im ro?emen" o8 "r&ns or" 8& ili"ies >e"ween "he ?ill&'e &n/ "he m&n/his.7. s"&>lishmen" o8 oo er&"ion m&rFe"in' so ie"ies.9. Pro?ision o8 he& re/i", es e i&ll# 8rom ins"i"!"ion&l so!r es.1. Pro?ision 8or 'r&/in' o8 "he ro/! e "o ens!re 'oo/ G!&li"# "o "he ons!mers &n/ >

ri es 8or "he ro/! ers.2. Prom " s! l# o8 m&rFe"in' in8orm&"ion.

%i


55/116

8rom 8oo/ 'r&ins "o &sh ro s. The m&in &im is "o romo"e shi8" 8rom s!8&rmin' "o ommer i&l 8&rmin'.

>. %ile /e?elo mese !ri"# in "he 34"h en"!r#.

3. Thro!'h ro er in8orm&"ion &n/ so8"w&re "ools, 'o?" h&s >een &>le "o re/i " &rinse !ri"# &n/ ?!lner&>ili"# "o re?en" or re/! e "he li?elihoo/ o8 &n emer'en #.

5. I" &lso h&s & os"!re im & " on "he &'ri !l"!r&l se "or &s i" ir !l&"e in8orm&"e hnolo'ies &n/ i"s & li &"ion ri es, we&"her &n/ soil on/i"ion 8or 'rowin' /i88ere

7. This h&s in re&se/ "he Fnowle/'e &>o!" &'ri !l"!re.

9. The &im 8or in re&sin' "he role o8 in8orm&"ion "e hnolo'# is "o m&Fe e?er Fnowle/'e Cen"re, where IT ro?i/es & s!s"&in&>le o "ion o8 em lo#men" &n/ li?elihoo

Sustaina>le %ele /e?elo men" /oes no" rohi>i" "he !se o8 &n# reso!r es, >!" &ims "o res!se in s! h & w i" is le8" 8or "he 8!"!re 'ener&"ion.

Meanin9 o8 #r9anic Farmin90. $r'&ni 8&rmin' is "he ro ess o8 ro/! in' 8oo/ n&"!r&ll#.3. This me"ho/ &?oi/s "he !se o8 s#n"he"i hemi &l 8er"ili:ers &n/ 'ene"i &ll# m

or'&nisms.5. I" is ?er# e o68rien/l# &n/ ?er# essen"i&l 8or s!s"&in&>le /e?elo men". I" h&s & :on en?ironmen".

d


56/116

0. I" s!>s"i"!"es os"lier &'ri !l"!r&l in !"s s! h &s H+V see/, Chemi &l 8er es"i i/es e" . lo &ll# ro/! e/ or'&ni in !"s, whi h &re he& er &n/ "here>#'oo/ re"!rns on In?es"men"s.

3. I" 'ener&"es in ome "hro!'h e= or" &s "he /em&n/, 8or or'&ni &ll# 'rown ro s &r&ise.

5. I" ro?i/es he&l"h# 8oo/ &s or'&ni &ll# 'rown 8oo/ h&s more n!"ri"ion&l ?&l!e "'rown "hro!'h hemi &l 8&rmin'.

7. I" &n ro?i/e more em lo#men" o or"!ni"ies in In/i& &s i" reG!ires more l&>o ro/! "ion "h&n hemi &ll# ro/! e/ 'oo/s.9. $r'&ni 8oo/ is & es"i i/e 8ree &n/ is ro/! e/ in &n en?ironmen"&ll# s!s"&in&>l

%isade o !l&ri:e/ ># re&"in' &w&reness &n/ willin'ness &r" o8 "he 8&rmers 8or &/o "ion o8 new me"ho/s.

3. There is no ro er in8r&s"r! "!re &n/ m&rFe"in' 8& ili"ies 8or "hese ro/! "s && ro ri&"e &'ri !l"!r&l oli # sho!l/ >e >ro!'h" in 8or or'&ni 8&rmin'.

5. The 8iel/s 8rom or'&ni 8&rmin' &re less "h&n mo/ern &'ri !l"!r&l 8&rmin' in "h#e&rs. There8ore sm&ll &n/ m&r'in&l 8&rmers m 8in/ i" /i88i !l" "o &/& " "o ro/! "ion.

C.a/ter 1: H M $ C PI! + F#"M !I#$

+earnin9 #> ecti# h#si &l & i"&l

ns Ph#si &l & i"&l re8ers "o &ll "hose in !"s whi h &re reG!ire/ 8or 8!r"her ro l&n" &n/ m& hiner#, 8& "or#, >!il/in's, r&w m&"eri&ls, e" .3) *h&" re "he "wo m&@or so!r es o8 h!m&n & i"&l in & o!n"r#

ns The "wo m&@or so!r es o8 h!m&n & i"&l &re

0) In?es"men" in/! &"ion

3) In?es"men" in he&l"h

Page |;


57/116

5) *h&" &re "he ?&rio!s 8orms o8 he&l"h e= en/i"!rens Pre?en"i?e me/i ine, !r&"i?e me/i ine, so i&l me/i ine, ro?ision

o8 le&n /rinFin' w&"er &n/ 'oo/ s&ni"&"ion &re "he ?&rio!s 8orms o8 he&l"h e= en/i"!re.

7) -i?e "he me&nin' o8 h!m&n & i"&l.ns H!m&n & i"&l re8ers "o "he s"o F o8 sFill, &>ili"#, e= er"ise,

e/! &"ion &n/ Fnowle/'e in?ol?e/ in "he eo le.9) *h# /o we o>ser?er re'ion&l /i88eren es in /! &"ion&l &""&inmen" in

In/i&ns Re'ion&l /i88eren es in e/! &"ion&l &""&inmen" in In/i&n &n >e /!e

"o re'ion&l ineG!&li"# in in omes &n/ e= en/i"!re o8 'o?ernmen" on/e?elo men" o8 e/! &"ion&l 8& ili"ies.

1) *h# h&s In/i& no" >een &>le "o & hie?e 044 li"er& # e?en "ill "o/ns In/i& h&s no" >een &>le "o & hie?e 044 li"er& # >e &!se o8 i"s

8&il!re "o ro?i/e 8ree om !lsor# e/! &"ion 8or &ll hil/ren ! "o "he&'e o8 07 #e&rs.

2) *h&" is me&n" ># h!m&n & i"&l 8orm&"ionns H!m&n C& i"&l 8orm&"ion im lies "he /e?elo men" o8 &>ili"ies &n/

sFills &mon' "he o !l&"ion o8 "he o!n"r#.;) *h# /o we nee/ "o in?es" in h!m&n & i"&l

ns *e nee/ "o in?es" in h!m&n & i"&l "o m&Fe e88e "i?e !se o8 h#si &l & i"&l &n/ "o in re&se ro/! "i?e & & i"# o8 "he o!n"r#.

s "h&8e" h "hem hi'her s&l&ries.

03)*h# "here is nee/ 8or & G!irin' in8orm&"ion rel&"in' "o he&l"h e/! &"ion e= en/i"!re 8rom "he e88e "i?e !"ili:&"ion o8 h!m&n reso!r es.

ns S! h in8orm&"ion hel s in m&Fin' /e ision re'&r/in' in?es"men"sin h!m&n & i"&l &s well &s 8or e88e "i?e !"ili:&"ion o8 & G!ire/ h!m&

& i"&l s"o F.05) How is on6"he6@o> "r&inin' & so!r e o8 h!m&n C& i"&l 8orm&"ion

ns I" is & so!r e o8 h!m&n & i"&l 8orm&"ion &s i" in re&ses "he sFill e88i ien # o8 "he worFers le&/s "o &n in re&se in ro/! "ion ro/! "i?i"#.

Page |


58/116

07) *h# &re worFers reG!ire/ "o worF 8or & er"&in erio/ &8"er "he on6"he6 @o> "r&inin'

ns *orFers &re reG!ire/ "o worF 8or & er"&in erio/ &8"er "he on6"he6 @o> "r&inin' so "h&" 8irm &n re o?er "he >ene8i"s o8 "he enh&n e ro/! "i?i"# owin' "o "he "r&inin'.

09) *h&" /o "he /i88eren es in m&le 8em&le li"er& # r&"es in/i &"ens The /i88eren es in m&le 8em&le

H M $ C PI! + F#"M !#I$Com &rison >e"ween Ph#si &l & i"&l &n/ H!m&n C& i"&l .

P.ysical Ca/ital Human Ca/ital&) Ph#si &l & i"&l is "&n'i>le &n/ &n >e

e&sil# sol/ in "he m&rFe". >) I" /e re i&"es wi"h "he &ss&'e o8 "ime.

) I" is more mo>ile >e"ween o!n"ries

/) Ph#si &l & i"&l (liFe m& hiner#) se &r&"e/8rom i"s owners.

e) Ph#si &l & i"&l is "he o!" ome o8 "heons io!s /e ision o8 "he owner &n/ is

m&inl# &n e onomi &n/ "e hni &l ro ess.8) I" &n >e 8&!l" "hro!'h ins e "s.

&) H!m&n & i"&l is in"&n'i>le &n/ &nnosol/ in "he m&rFe".

>) De re i&"ion in h!m&n & i"&l (/!e &'&in) &n >e re/! e/ ># m&Fin'

on"in!o!s in?es"men" in e/! &"ion he&l"h.

) H!m&n & i"&l is less mo>ile >e"weo!n"ries &s om &re/ "o h#si &l & i"

/) H!m&n & i"&l (liFe sFills o8 & erso&nno" >e se &r&"e/ 8rom "he own.

e) Borm&"ion o8 h!m&n & i"&l is &r"so i&l ro ess ># &r"l# & ons io/e ision o8 "he ossessor o8 "he h!m&n

& i"&l.8) H!m&n & i"&l 8orm&"ion is "o >e /

"hro!'h ons io!s oli # 8orm!l&"ions.

Meanin9 o8 Human Ca/ital 8ormation H!m&n & i"&l 8orm&"ion me&ns"he /e?elo men" o8 &>ili"ies &n/ sFills &mon' "he o !l&"ion o8 "he o!n"r#.

Sources o8 Human Ca/ital Formation

0) ED/enditure on education (I" is one o8 "he mos" im or"&n" so!r es o8 h!m&n & i"&l 8orm&"ion) ro er !"ili"# o8 m&n ower /e en/s on "hes#s"em o8 e/! &"ion, "r&inin' &n/ in/!s"ri&l e= erien e o8 "he eo le.S en/in' on e/! &"ion ># in/i?i/!&ls is simil&r "o s en/in' on & i"&l

'oo/s ># om &nies wi"h "he o>@e "i?e o8 in re&sin' 8!"!re ro8i"s on e & erio/ o8 "ime. This in re&se "he in ome o8 "he eo le &n/ "heir s"&n/&r/o8 li?in'.In?es"men" in e/! &"ion is no" onl# hi'hl# ro/! "i?e >!" &lso i" is #iel/sin re&sin' re"!rn &n/ & eler&"es e onomi 'row"h o8 &ll "he reso!r ese/! &"ion re ei?es mos" im or"&n e >e &!se i" 'i?es m&=im!m

on"ri>!"ion "o "he /e?elo men" o8 "he o!n"r#.

Page |


59/116

3) ED/enditure on Healt. He&l"h is &n im or"&n" in !" 8or & /e?elo men"o8 & n&"ion. = en/i"!re on he&l"h is nee/e/ in "he 8ollowin' &re&s.&. A re?en"i?e me/i ine Fnown &s ?& in&"ion !r&"i?e me/i ines,

i.e., me/i &l in"er?en"ion /!rin' "he "ime o8 illness is ?er#im or"&n".

>. Pro?ision o8 le&n /rinFin' w&"er &n/ 'oo/ s&ni"&"ion is ?er#im or"&n" 8or im ro?emen" o8 he&l"h. He&l"h e= en/i"!re /ire "l#

in re&ses "he h#si &l & & i"# o8 h!m&n >ein' &n/ i" r&ises "hes! l# o8 he&l"h# l&>or 8or e.. $n "he @o> "r&inin' ro/! "i?i"# o8 h#si &l & i"&l is s!>s"&n"i&

in re&se/ wi"h "he im ro?emen" in h!m&n & i"&l. D!e "o "his re&sonm&n# 8irms ro?i/e on "he @o> "r&inin' "o "heir worFers. S! h"r&inin' h&s "he &/?&n"&'e "h&" i" &n >e ro?i/e/ 8&s" &n/ wi"ho!"m! h os". I" in re&ses "he sFill &n/ e88i ien # o8 "he worFers &n/le&/s "o &n in re&se in ro/! "ion ># ro/! "i?i"#. = en/i"!rere'&r/in' on "he @o> "r&inin' is "he so!r e o8 h!m&n & i"&l8orm&"ion >e &!se i" in re&se l&>or ro/! "i?i"# "h&n i"s os".

/. = en/i"!re on mi'r&"ion 6 eo le mi'r&"e "o one l& e "o &no"her "h&" 'i?es "hem hi'her s&l&ries. nem lo#men" eo le 8rom r!r&lmi'r&"e "o !r>&n &re&s "e hni &ll# G!&li8ie/ eo le mi'r&"e "o o"her

o!n"ries 8or hi'her s&l&ries. Tho!'h i" res!l"s in os" o8 mi'r&"ion&n/ hi'her os" o8 li?in' /!e "o mi'r&"ion in mi'r&"e/ l& e i"enh&n es e&rnin' "h&" "heir os" o8 mi'r&"ion. Hen e i" is & so!r e o8 h!m&n & i"&l 8orm&"ion.

e. = en/i"!re on In8orm&"ion 6 = en/i"!re is in !rre/ "o & G!irein8orm&"ion rel&"in' "o l&>o!r m&rFe" &n/ o"her m&rFe". I" in?ol?es&mo!n" s en" on seeFin' in8orm&"ion &>o!" e/! &"ion&l ins"i"!"ions,e/! &"ion s"&n/&r/ "heir e/! &"ion&l nee/s &n/ os" o8 e/! &"ion.This in8orm&"ion is ne ess&r# "o m&Fe /e isions re'&r/in'in?es"men" in h!m&n & i"&l &s well &s 8or e88i ien" !"ili:&"ion o8 "h& G!ire/ h!m&n & i"&l s"o F.

Im/ortance o8 Human ca/ital 8ormation

0. H!m&n C& i"&l 8orm&"ion is ?er# im or"&n" 8or "he 'row"h o8 &ne onom#.(i) 88e "i?e !se o8 h#si &l & i"&l I"s 'row"h &n/ ro/! "i?i"#

/e en/s on h!m&n & i"&l 8orm&"ion.(ii) H!m&n & i"&l 8orm&"ion r&ises "he ro/! "i?i"# &n/ ro/! "ion &s Fnowle/'e&>le &n/ sFille/ worFer m&Fes "he >e""er (!se o8 "he reso!r es). In re&se in ro/! "i?i"# &n/G!&li"# ro/! "ion /e en/s on "e hni &l sFill o8 "he eo lewhi h &n >e & G!ire/ onl# ># e/! &"ion or "r&inin' &n/m&in"&inin' he&l"h o8 "he eo le.

Page |4


60/116

3. In?en"ions, inno?&"ions &n/ "e hnolo'i &l im ro?emen" &re &ll /!e "o"he e="r& Fnowle/'e & G!ire/ /!rin' e/! &"ion whi h ro?i/es lo" o8 inno?&"ions &n/ in?en"ions.

5. The Fnowle/'e&>le, sFille/ &n/ h#si &ll# 8ir eo le hel in "heh!m&n & i"&l 8orm&"ion.

7. In re&ses li8e e= e "&n # Borm&"ion o8 h!m&n & i"&l r&ises e= e "&n # o8 "he eo le. He&l"h 8& ili"ies &n/ &?&il&>ili"# o

n!"ri"i?e 8oo/ en&>le eo le "o li?e & he&l"h# &n/ lon' li8e. This in"!rn, &//s "o "he G!&li"# o8 li8e.9. Im ro?es Q!&li"# o8 li8e The G!&li"# o8 o !l&"ion /e en/s ! on "he

le?el o8 e/! &"ion he&l"h o8 & erson &n/ sFill 8orm&"ion & G!ire/ >#"he eo le. H!m&n & i"&l 8orm&"ion no" onl# m&Fes eo le ro/! "i?e &n/ re&"i?e >!" &lso "r&ns8orms "he li?es o8 "he eo le.

1. Con"rol o8 o !l&"ion 'row"h I" h&s >een o>ser?e/ "h&" e/! &"e/ ersons h&?e sm&ller 8&milies &s om &re/ "o illi"er&"e 8&milies, Sos re&/ o8 e/! &"ion is ne ess&r# "o on"rol "he o !l&"ion 'row"hr&"e.

"easons 8or /oor Human Ca/ital 8ormations are0) Insu88icient "esources 6 The reso!r es &llo &"e/ "o "he 8orm&"ion o8

h!m&n & i"&l h&?e >een m! h less "h&n "he reso!r es reG!ire/ 8or mee"in' "he e/! &"ion&l he&l"h nee/s o8 "he o!n"r#. D!e "o "hisre&son, "he 8& ili"ies 8or "he 8orm&"ion o8 h!m&n & i"&l h&?rem&ine/ 'rossl# in&/eG!&"e.

3) Serious Ine88iciencies There &re & lo" o8 w&s"&'es o8 so ie"# sreso!r es &s & &>ili"ies o8 e/! &"e/ eo le &re ei"her no" m&/e !seo8 (in &se o8 !nem lo#men" or &re !n/er!"ili:e/ in &se o8

!nem lo#men"). M&ssi?e li"er& #, non6e/! &"ion o8 m&n# hil/ren, oor he&l"h 8& ili"ies &re o"her ine88i ien ies, whi h h&?e no" >een&""en/e/ "o &/eG!&"el# ro erl#.

5) Hi9. ro?t. o8 /o/ulation The on"in!o!s rise in o !l&"ion h&s&/?ersel# &88e "e/ "he G!&li"# o8 h!m&n & i"&l.

7) +ac o8 /ro/er man/o?er /lannin9 There is &n im>&l&n e >e"ween "he /em&n/s 8or "he s! l# o8 h!m&n reso!r es o8 ?&rio!s

&"e'ories, es e i&ll# in &se o8 hi'hl# sFille/ ersonnel. The&>sen e o8 s! h >&l&n in' h&s res!l"e/ in "he w&s"&'e o8 reso!r es.

Human Ca/ital 7 Human %eo!r ro/! "i?i"#H!m&n De?elo men" is le&se/ oI/e& "h&" e/! &"ion he&lin"e'r&l "o h!m&n well >ein'

Page |;0


61/116


62/116

Sar.iyan (SS )I" w&s l&!n he/ in 3440 "o !ni?ers&li:e im ro?e "he G!&li"# o8

lemen"&r# /! &"ion in In/i& "hro!'h omm!ni"# ownershi o8 lemen"&r#/! &"ion. The SSA is >ein' im lemen"e/ in &r"nershi wi"h s"&"es "o

&//ress "he nee/s o8 hil/ren in &'e 'ro! o8 1607 #e&rs. The & hie?emen"s!n/er SSA ! "o Se "em>er 54, 3442, in l!/e ons"r! "ions o8 2, 05,02<&//i"ion&l l&ssrooms, 0, 23,5;0 /rinFin' w&"er 8& ili"ies, ons"r! "ion o8 3,

0;,429 "oile"s. S! l# o8 8ree "e=">ooFs o8 1.17 rore hil/ren & oin"men" o8 ;.04 l&Fh "e& her s >esi/es o enin' o8 0, ;1,& -&n/hi %&liF& Vi/#&l& (K-%V) s heme w&s

l&!n he/ in !l# 3447 8or se""in' ! resi/en"i&l s hools &" ! er rim&r#le?el, 8or 'irls >elon'in' re/omin&n"l# "o "he SC, ST, $%C minori"#

omm!ni"#. The s heme r&n &s se &r&"e s heme 8or "wo #e&rs >!" w&s

mer'e/ wi"h S&r?& SiFsh& A>hi#&n w.e.8 A ril 0, 3442.Secondary Education

Se on/&r# /! &"ion, whi h s"&r"s wi"h l&sses IX &n/ X le&/s "osenior se on/&r# l&sses XI &n/ XII &ims "o in oo er&"e >&si sFills &n&l#"i &l &>ili"ies. I" ro?i/es & s"e in' s"one "o hi'her ro8ession&l &n/"e hni &l e/! &"ion.

Hi9.er EducationThe Hi'her /! &"ion S#s"em om rises >o"h 'ener&l &n/ "e hni &l

e/! &"ion. The hi'her e/! &"ion h&s !n/er'one & m&ni8ol/ e= &nsion sin eIn/e en/en e. The no. o8 !ni?ersi"ies in "he o!n"r# h&s in re&se/ 8rom 32 in0!rsemen" o8 'r&n"s "o "hem.

Page |;2


63/116

!ec.nical EducationTe hni &l /! &"ion ls & ?i"&l role in h!m&n reso!r es

/e?elo men" o8 "he o!n"r# ># re&"in' sFille/ m&n ower, enh&n in'In/!s"ri&l ro/! "i?i"# &n/ im ro?in' "he G!&li"# o8 li8e. Sin ein/e en/en e, "here h&s >een & henomen&l e= &nsion o8 Te hni &l

/! &"ion Se "or in "he o!n"r#. *i"h 75 /i lom& le?el ol#"e hni &" "he"ime o8 in/e en/en e, "he no. in re&se/ "o 0,350 in 3444640. Simil&rl#, "heno. o8 /e'ree le?el en'ineerin' ins"i"!"ions rose 8rom 5; in 0o"h rim&r# &n/ ! er rim&r# l&sses is m! h >elow "he >o#s.

5. +o? ;uality Education The G!&li"# o8 "he e/! &"ion is 8&irl# low.7. +ac o8 ocational and !ec.nical !rainin9 Too m! h em h&sis on'ener&l e/! &"ion ne'le "in' "he Vo &"ion&l &n/ Te hni &l /! &"ion.

9. +o? +e. Dis"ri>!"ion o8 em lo#men" ># 'en/er

. Dis"ri>!"ions o8 em lo#men" ># re'ion

/. Dis"ri>!"ions o8 em lo#men" in /i88eren" se "orse. Dis"ri>!"ions o8 r!r&l6!r>&n em lo#men" in /i88eren" se "ors7. -row"h o8 em lo#men" &n/ -ross Domes"i Pro/! "(-DP)9. Ch&n'in' s"r! "!re o8 em lo#men"

&. C&s!&li:&"ion o8 worF 8or e.1. In8orm&lis&"ion o8 In/i&n worF8or e

&. Borm&l or $r'&ni:e/ se "or. >. In8orm&l or !nor'&ni:e/ se "or.

Page |;3


64/116

&or er A worFer is &n in/i?i/!&l who is in?ol?e/ in some ro/! "i?e& "i?i"ies "o e&rn & li?in'.

&.o and all included in ?or ersJ

I" is no" onl# eo le "hose who &re &i/ worFers &lso in l!/es sel86em lo#e/ eo le liFe sho Fee ers, >&r>ers, o>>lers e" .. *orFers in l!/e &ll "hose eo le who &re en'&'e/ in worF whe"her 8or o"hers ( &i/ worFers or sel86em lo#e/)

%i88erence >et?een la>our 8orce and ?or 8orceJ

+a>our Force All ersons, who &re worFin' (who h&?e & @o>) &n/ "ho!'hno" worFin', &re seeFin' &n/ &re &?&il&>le 8or worF, &re /r&m "o >e in "hel&>o!r 8or e.

1 Mar ;uestions -

Q 0) *ho is worFerA 0) A worFer is &n in/i?i/!&l, who is in?ol?e/ in some ro/! "i?e & "i?i"#,

"o e&rn & li?in'.

Q 3) *h# /o eo le worFA 3) Peo le worF 8or e&rnin' & li?in' whi h hel s "hem &n/ "heir 8&milies "os!r?i?e.

Q 5) *ho &ll &re in l!/e/ in l&>o!r 8or e

A 5) All ersons, who &re worFin' (h&?e @o>) &n/ "ho!'h no" worFin', &reseeFin' &n/ &re &?&il&>le 8or worF, &re /eeme/ "o >e in "he l&>o!r 8or e.

Q 7) -i?e "he me&nin' o8 worF 8or e.A 7) The n!m>er o8 ersons, who &re & "!&ll# em lo#e/ &" & &r"i !l&r "im&re Fnown &s worF 8or e.

Q 9) De8ine worFer o !l&"ion r&"io.A 9) *orFer6 o !l&"ion r&"ion is "he er en"&'e o8 "o"&l o !l&"ion en'&'e/in worF.

Q 1) wh&" is me&n" ># l&>o!r 8or e &r"i i &"ion r&"eA 1) The r&"io o8 l&>o!r 8or e "o "o"&l &r"i i &"ion is &lle/ l&>o!r 8or &r"i i &"ion r&"e.

Q 2) *h&" is in8orm&"ion o8 worF8or eA 2) In8orm&lis&"ion o8 worF8or e re8ers "o & si"!&"ion where># "he ro or"ion o8 worF8or e in "he in8orm&l se "or "o "o"&l worF8or e in re&ses

Page |;5


65/116

Q ;) Are "he 8ollowin' worFers6 & >e''&r, & "hie8, & sm!''ler, & '&m>ler*h#A ;) No, The# &re no" worFers >e &!se "he# &re no" /oin' &n# ro/! "i?e& "i?i"#.

Q &n women.

Q 04) *h# /oes r!r&l worF 8or e mi'r&"e "o !r>&n &re&s /!rin' some &r" o8 "he #e&rA 04) eo le in r!r&l &re&s &re en'&'e/ mos"l# in &'ri !l"!re, whi h is &se&son&l & "i?i"#. So, r!r&l worF8or e mi'r&"es "o !r>&n &re&s /!rin' some &r" o8 "he #e&r.

Q 00) wh# &re re'!l&r s&l&rie/ em lo#ees more in !r>&n &re&s "h&n in r!r&l

&re&sA 00) Re'!l&r s&l&rie/ em lo#ees &re more in !r>&n &re&s &s onsi/er&>lese "ion o8 !r>&n eo le &re &>le "o s"!/# in ?&rio!s e/! &"ion&l ins"i"!"ion&n/ i" en&>les "hem "o looF 8or &n & ro ri&"e @o> "o s!i" "heir G!&li8i &&n/ sFills. Howe?er, in r!r&l &re&s, mos" o8 "he eo le &re illi"er&"e &n/ l&sFills, whi h &re nee/e/ 8or re'!l&r m lo#men".

Q 03) *h&" is me&n" ># m lo#men"A 03) m lo#men" is &n & "i?i"# whi h en&>les & erson "o e&rn me&ns oli?in'.

Q 05) *ho is & C&s!&l *&'e L&>o!rerA 05) *orFers who &re no" hire/ ># "heir m lo#ers on & re'!l&r or erm&nen" >&sis (i.e. /o no" h&?e @o> se !ri"#) &n/ /o no" 'e" so i&l se !ri"# >ene8i"s, &re "erme/ &s &s!&l w&'e l&>o!r.

Q 07) De8ine @o>less 'row"hA 07) o>less 'row"h re8ers "o & si"!&"ion when "he onom# is &>le "o ro/! e more 'oo/s &n/ ser?i e wi"ho!" & ro or"ion&"e in re&se in

m lo#men" o or"!ni"ies.

Q 09) *ho &re re'!l&r worFersA 09) *orFers who &re hire/ ># "heir em lo#ers on & erm&nen" >&sis &n/&lso 'e" so i&l se !ri"# >ene8i"s (liFe ension, ro?i/en" 8!n/, e" .) &re hi'her in re'!l&r worFers.Q 01) *h# is "he Sel8 m lo#e/ worF 8or e hi'her in r!r&l &re&sA 01) In &se o8 r!r&l &re&s, Sel8 m lo#e/ *orFers &re 're&"er &s m&@ori"o8 r!r&l eo le &re en'&'e/ in 8&rmin' on "heir own lo"s o8 l&n/.

Page |;


66/116

Q 02) wh&" is me&n" ># C&s!&lis&"ion o8 worF 8or eAns The ro ess o8 mo?in' 8rom Sel86 m lo#men" &n/ re'!l&r s&l&rie/em lo#men" "o &s!&l w&'e worF is Fnown &s C&s!&lis&"ion o8 *orF8or e.

Q 0;) N&me "he "wo Fin/s o8 !r>&n !nem lo#men".Ans 0. In/!s"ri&l !nem lo#men" 3. /! &"e/ !nem lo#men".

0o!r &n/ e&rns w&'es in

re"!rn.

Q 33) Men &re 8o!n/ in 're&"er ro or"ion "h&n women in re'!l&r s&l&rie/em lo#men". *h#A 33) R!r&l !nem lo#men" is o8 "wo "# es 6

0. Dis'!ise/ !nem lo#men"3. Se&son&l !nem lo#men"

Q 35) *h&" is me&n" ># se&son&l !nem lo#men"A 35) nem lo#men" "h&" o !rs &" er"&in se&sons o8 "he #e&r is Fnown &Se&son&l !nem lo#men".

Q 37) -i?e "he me&nin' o8 /is'!ise/ !nem lo#men".A 37) Dis'!ise/ !nem lo#men" re8ers "o & s"&"e in whi h more eo le &reen'&'e/ in worF "h&n &re re&ll# nee/e/.

Q 39) *h&" /o #o! me&n ># 8!ll em lo#men"A 39) B!ll em lo#men" re8ers "o & si"!&"ion in whi h &ll "he worFers who &re

& &>le o8 worFin' &n/ willin' "o worF 'e" &n m lo#men" in re?&ilin'

w&'e r&"es.Q 31) *h# /o we /i88eren"i&"e >e"ween onomi & "i?i"# &n/ ro/! "ion& "i?i"#A 31) *e /i88eren"i&"e >e"ween onomi & "i?i"# &n/ ro/! "ion & "i?i"# "o

&l !l&"e "he n!m>er o8 worFers. Peo le en'&'e/ onl# in ro/! "iononomi & "i?i"ies &re "o >e in l!/e/ in "he &"e'or# o8 worFers.

Page |;;


67/116

Q 32) -i?e "he me&nin' o8 sel86em lo#men".A 32) An &rr&n'emen" in whi h & worFer !se/ his own reso!r es, "o m&Fe &li?in' is Fnowin' &s sel86em lo#men".

Q 3;) *h&" /o #o! me&n ># 8orm&l se "or es"&>lishmen"A 3;) All "he !>li en"er rises &n/ ri?&"e es"&>lishmen"s, whi h m lo#04 or more hire/ worFers &re &lle/ 8orm&l se "or es"&>lishmen"s.

Q 3# 'o?ernmen" &n >e /ismisse/ &" &n# "ime. Li?e in sl!ms, !se o!"/&"e/"e hnolo'#, /o no" m&in"&in & o!n"s.

Q 54) *h&" is me&n" ># 8ri "ion&l !nem lo#men"A 54) Tem or&r# !nem lo#men", whi h e=is"s /!rin' "he erio/, wherein.*orFers le&?e one role &n/ @oin some o"her, &re &lle/ 8ri "ion&l!nem lo#men".Peo le "hose who &re no" worFin' &n/ &re nei"her seeFin' nor &?&il&>le 8or worF &re onsi/er "o >e o!"si/e "he l&>o!r 8or e.

L&>o!r 8or e E Person s worFin' Persons seeFin' &?&il&>le 8or worF.

A8"er 11 #e&rs >elow 09 #e&rs no" in l!/e/ l&>o!r 8or e. A h&n/i & e/ erson no" in l!/e/. Peo le "hose who &re no" in"eres"e/ no" in l!/e/.Peo le &re no" &?&il&>le no" in l!/e/.

*orF 8or es The n!m>er ersons who &re & "!&ll# em lo#e/ &" & &r"i !l&"ime &re Fnown &s worF 8or e.

• *h&" is "he l&>o!r 8or e &r"i i &"ion r&"e

The r&"io o8 l&>o!r 8or e "o "o"&l o !l&"ion is &lle/ l&>o!r 8or e &r"i i &"ion r&"e.

• How &n we &l !l&"e n!m>er o8 !nem lo#e/ eo le

nem lo#e/ eo le E l&>o!r 8or e *orF 8or e.

Meanin9 o8 Em/loyment

m lo#men" is &n & "i?i"# whi h en&>les & erson "o e&rn his me&ns o8li?in'.

Full em/loyment

Page |;


68/116

B!ll em lo#men" is & si"!&"ion in whi h &ll "he worFers who &re & &>le oworFin' &n/ willin' "o worF 'e" &n em lo#men" &" & re?&ilin' w&'e r&"e.

Sel8-em/loyment

*hen "he worFer !ses his own reso!r es "o worF &n/ m&Fe & li?in' "hen we&ll i" &s Sel8 m lo#men".

Q.50) *h&" is worFer o !l&"ion r&"io How /o we &l !l&"e *orFer o !l&"ion r&"io *h&" is i"s !se

Ans *PR re8ers "o &r"i i &"ion o8 eo le in "he em lo#men". I" isme&s!re/ ># &l !l&"in'

To"&l n!m>er o8 worFers in In/i& *PR E YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY = 044

No. o8 worF o !l&"ion In In/i&I" hel s in Fnowin' "he ro or"ion o8 o !l&"ion "h&" is & "i?el# on"ri>!"in'"o "he ro/! "ion o8 'oo/s &n/ ser?i es o8 & o!n"r#.

C.a/ter 1 In8lation Pro>lem and Policies

Meanin9 In8l&"ion re8ers "o & si"!&"ion o8 in re&se in "he 'ener&l ri e le?elo?er & erio/ o8 "ime. I" is & &r" o8 >!siness # les.

Indicators o8 In8lationThere &re "hree s"&n/&r/ in/i &"ors o8 in8l&"ion

0. *holes&le Pri e In/e= (*PI)3. Cons!mer Pri e In/e= (CPI)5. -ross Domes"i Pro/! " (-DP) De8l&"or

Causes o8 In8lation

0. In re&se in Mone# S! l#3. De8i i" Bin&n in'5. Rise in Po !l&"ion7. B&ll in Pro/! "ion

9. In re&se in *&'es1. A/minis"r&"e/ Pri es2. In8l&"ion A ross "he %or/er s;. In/ire " T&=


69/116

0. In8l&"ion Hin/ers "he ro ess o8 'row"h3. A/?erse e88e " on "he eo le wi"h 8i=e/ In ome5. In re&se in "he os" o8 Pro@e "s7. A/?erse Im & " on %&l&n e o8 Pmen"s9. *&'e6Pri e s ir&l1. IneG!&li"#2. onomi S"&'n&"ion

;. Im & " on BDIli De>"5. In re&se in T&=es7. S!r l!s %!/'e" Poli #Some eneral Su99estions to Control In8lation

0. Che F on S! l# o8 Mone#3. Che F on De8i i" Bin&n in'5. In re&se in &'ri !l"!r&l $!" !"7. T&= on A'ri !l"!r&l In ome9. Dis"ri>!"ion "hro!'h 8&ir Pri e Sho s1. Che F on Ho&r/in'

C.a/ter 15 In8rastructure

+earnin9 o> ecti


70/116

Ans. I" re8ers "o s! h ore elemen"s o8 e onomi so i&l h&n'e whi hser?e &s & s! or" s#s"em "o ro/! "ion & "i?i"# in "he e onom#. ;2 &.at is economic in8rastructureJAns. I" re8ers "o &ll s! h elemen"s o8 e onomi h&n'e liFe6 ower, "r&ns or",

omm!ni &"ion e" . whi h ser?e &s & s! or" s#s"em "o "he ro ess o8e onomi 'row"h.I" 8os"ers e onomi 'row"h whi h res!l"s in in re&se in "he s"&n/&r/s o8li?in' o8 "he eo le.

;3 &.at is social in8rastructureJAns. I" re8ers "o ore elemen"s o8 so i&l h&n'e liFe6 s hools, olle'es,hos i"&ls, >&nFin' e" . whi h ser?e &s & s! or" s#s"em "o "he ro ess o8so i&l /e?elo men" o8 & o!n"r#.so i&l in8r&s"r! "!re 8o !ses on h!m&n reso!r e /e?elo men", im l#in' "he/e?elo men" o8 sFille/ erson&l &s well &s he&l"h# e88i ien" h!m&n >ein's.I" & eler&"e "he ro ess o8 h!m&n /e?elo men".

;6 Mention t.e im/ortance o8 in8rastructure in economic deo&r/s.

; Mention t.e measures underta en to meet t.e c.allen9es o8 /o?ereneration in India

Ans. i. In re&se in ro/! "ion & & i"#. ii. Im ro?emen" in l&n" lo&/ 8& "or.

Page |


71/116

iii. Minimi:&"ion o8 "r&nsmission /is"ri>!"ion losses.iii.Im ro?e "he s! l# o8 in !"s "o ower l&n"si?.P&r"i i &"ion o8 ri?&"e se "or en o!r&'emen" "o BDI in ower

'ener&"ion.;5 &.at is .ealt.J Mention t.e dele /ise&ses.o Poor m&n&'emen" o8 he&l"h &re.o Pri?&"i:&"ion o8 he&l"h &re ser?i es.o Poor ! Fee m&in"en&n e.o Poor s&ni"&"ion le?el.

C.a/ter 14 Enle Economic %e ecti


72/116

S!s"&in&>le /e?elo men"o S"r&"e'ies 8or S!s"&in&>le De?elo men"

1 Mar ;uestionsQ 0) *h&" is me&n" ># n?ironmen"A) n?ironmen" is /e8ine/ &s "he "o"&l l&ne"&r# inheri"&n e &n/ "he "o"&lio8 &ll reso!r es.

Q 3) *h&" /oes n?ironmen" In l!/esA 3) n?ironmen" in l!/es &ll "he >io"i &n/ &>io"i 8& "ors "h&" in8l!en ee& h o"her.

Q 5) *h&" /o #o! me&n ># >io"i elemen"sA 5) All li?in' elemen"s liFe >ir/s, &nim&ls &n/ l&n"s, 8ores"s, 8isheries e" .&re >io"i elemen"s.

Q 7) -i?e "he me&nin' o8 Renew&>le Reso!r esA) These &re "hose reso!r es whi h &n >e !se/ wi"ho!" "he ossi>ili"# o8 >ein' e=h&!s"e/, s! h &s "rees, 8ishes e" .

Q 9) *h&" /o #o! me&n ># non6renew&>le reso!r esA 9) These &re "hose reso!r es whi h 'e" e=h&!s"e/ wi"h e="r& "ion &n/ !ses! h &s o&l, '&s e" .

Q 1)*h&" is in l!/e/ !n/er &>io"i elemen"sA 1) I" in l!/es non6li?in' elemen"s liFe &ir, w&"er, l&n/ e" .

Q 2) *h&" h& ens when "he r&"e o8 reso!r e e="r& "ion e= ee/s "h&" o8 "heire6'ener&"ion

A 2) *hen "he r&"e o8 reso!r es e="r& "ion e= ee/s "h&" o8 "heir re6'ener&"ion"hen en?ironmen" 8&ils "o er8orm i"s ?i"&l 8!n "ion o8 li8e s!>s"&n e &n/ ile&/ "o "he si"!&"ion o8 n?ironmen"&l Crisis.

Q ;) *h&" /o #o! me&n ># "he C&rr#in' & & i"# o8 en?ironmen"A ;) C&rr#in' & & i"# o8 "he en?ironmen" im lies "h&" "he reso!r ese="r& "ion is no" &>o?e "he r&"e o8 re'ener&"ion o8 "he reso!r es &n/ "hew&s"es 'ener&"e/ &re wi"hin "he &ssimil&"in' & & i"# o8 "he en?ironmen".

Q


73/116

Q 00) *h&" is -lo>&l w&rmin'A 00) -lo>&l w&rmin' is "he o>ser?e/ &n/ ro@e "e/ in re&se in "he &?er&'e"em er&"!re o8 e&r"h s &"mos here &n/ o e&ns.

Q 03) *h&" h&s &!se/ -lo>&l *&rmin'A 03) The -lo>&l w&rmin' is /!e "o in re&se in "he -reen6ho!se '&s

on en"r&"ions, liFe w&"er ?& o!r, &r>on6/io=i/e, me"h&ne &n/ o:one in "he&"mos here.

Q 05) -i?e "he me&nin' o8 &ir oll!"ion.A 05) Air oll!"ion is "he resen e o8 m&"eri&ls in &ir s! h on en"r&"ion,whi h &re h&rm8!l "o m&n &n/ his en?ironmen".

Q 07) Men"ion &n# 0 me&s!re "o on"rol &ir oll!"ion in ?ehi les.A 07) Promo"ion o8 le&ner 8!els, liFe !se o8 CN- ins"e&/ o8 e"rol or /iesel.

Q 09) *h&" is S!s"&in&>le /e?elo men"

A 09) I" is "he /e?elo men", whi h will &llow &ll 8!"!re 'ener&"ions "o h&?e & o"en"i&l &?er&'e G!&li"# o8 li8e, "h&" is &" le&s" &s hi'h, whi h is >einen@o#e/ ># "he !rren" 'ener&"ion.

Q 01) wh&" is me&n" ># %io /i?ersi"#A 01) %io /i?ersi"# is /e8ine/ &s "he ?&ri&>ili"# &mon' li?in' or'&nisms 8rom&ll so!r es, in l!/in' "erres"ri&l, m&rine &n/ o"her &G!&"i e os#s"em &n/ "hee olo'i &l om le=es o8 whi h "he# &re & &r".

Q 02) *h&" /o #o! me&n ># o:one /e le"ion

A 02) I" re8ers "o /es"r! "ion o8 o:one in "he o:one ler, /!e "o resen e o8 hlorine 8rom m&nm&/e hloro8l!oro &r>ons &n/ o"her 8or es.

Q 0;) *h&" h&s le&/ "o /e le"ion o8 o:one lerA 0;) The ro>lem o8 o:one /e le"ion is os" ># hi'h le?els o8 hlorine &n/ >romine om o!n/s in "he s"r&"os here.

Q 0e ome e="in "A 0e ome e="in " >e &!se "heir e="in "ion h&s >een&>o?e "he r&"e o8 re'ener&"ion.

Q 34) How h&s "he s! l# /em&n/ rel&"ionshi le&/ "o /e'r&/&"ion o8 en?ironmen"A 34) The /em&n/ 8or reso!r es h&s 'one >e#on/ "he r&"e o8 re'ener&"ion(s! l#). I" h&s in re&se/ "he ress!re on "he &>sor "ion & & i"# o8 "h

Page |


74/116

en?ironmen" &n/ s! h se?er&l o8 "he s! l# /em&n/ rel&"ionshi h&s le&/"o /e'r&/&"ion o8 "he en?ironmen".

Q 30) *h&" h&s le&/ "o "he Air oll!"ion in !r>&n &re&sA 30) In re&sin' n!m>er o8 mo"or ?ehi les &n/ on en"r&"ion o8 in/!s"ries in!r>&n &re&s &n/ h&s le&/ "o &ir oll!"ion in !r>&n &re&s.

Q 33) S"&"e "he 3 m&@or en?ironmen"&l iss!es "h&" "he worl/ is 8& in' "o/A 33) (i) De le"ion o8 n&"!r&l reso!r es (ii) n?ironmen"&l /e'r&/&"ion

Functions o8 Enle &n/non6 renew&>le &re s! lie/ ># "he en?ironmen".

3. n?ironmen" &ssimil&"es w&s"es.5. I" s!s"&ins li8e ># ro?i/in' essen"i&l elemen"s liFe s!n, soil, &ir, w&"er

e" .7. I" ro?i/es &es"he"i ser?i es 6 I" in l!/es l&n/, 8ores", w&"er >o/ies,r&in8&ll, mo!n"&in e" . , wi"h "his eo le en@o# "he >e&!"# o8 hill s"&"i&n/ "o im ro?e "he G!&li"# o8 li8e.

Carryin9 Ca/acityC&rr#in' & & i"# me&ns 3 "hin's.

0. Reso!r es e="r& "ion sho!l/ rem&in >elow "he r&"e o8 reso!r e'ener&"ions.

3. -ener&"ion o8 w&s"es sho!l/ rem&in wi"hin "he &>sor "ion & & i"# o8

"he en?ironmen".I8 "hese "wo on/i"ions &re no" 8!l8ille/, "hen en?ironmen" 8&ils "o er8orm i"s?i"&l 8!n "ions o8 li8e s!s"en&n e &n/ i" le&/s "o "he si"!&"ions o8 en?ironmen"&l rises.

"eason 8or Enle &n/ non6

renew&>le reso!r es h&s e=h&!s"e/ some o8 "he ?i"&l reso!r es.• ="in "ion o8 m&n# reso!r es &n/ on"in!o!s risin' o !l&"ion h&s &lsores!l"e/ in en?ironmen"&l risis.

• D!e "o &88l!en" ons!m "ion &n/ ro/! "ion s"&n/&r/ o8 /e?elo e/worl/, "he w&s"e 'ener&"e/ is >e#on/ "he &>sor "i?e & & i"# o8 "heen?ironmen".

Page |


75/116

• The /e?elo men" ro ess h&s oll!"e/ en?ironmen", w&"er &n/&"mos here &n/ "here is /e line in &ir &n/ w&"er G!&li"#. I" h&s res!l"e/in in re&se/ in i/en e o8 res ir&"or# &n/ w&"er >orne /ise&ses.

• The e= en/i"!re on he&l"h is &lso risin'. -lo>&l en?ironmen"&l iss!ess! h &s 'lo>&l w&rmin'. $:one /e le"ion &lso on"ri>!"es "o "hein re&se/ 8in&n i&l ommi"men"s o8 'o?ernmen".

Pollution

Poll!"ion is "he in"ro/! "ion o8 on"&min&n"s in"o &n n?ironmen""h&" &!ses ins"&>ili"#, /isor/er, h&rm &n/ or /is om8or" in "he e os#s"em.

Poll!"ion is s!>s"&n es, hemi &ls or 8& "ors whi h &!se &/?ersee88e " on n&"!r&l G!&li"# o8 &n# ons"i"!en" o8 en?ironmen".

A Mar s ;uestions

Strate9ies 8or Sustaina>le dee &/here/ "o, 8or s!s"&in&>le /e?elo men".

0. se o8 $on-cone !se/ &s 8!el. In Delhi, "he !se o8 CN- &s 8!elin !>li "r&ns or" s#s"em h&s lowere/ &ir oll!"ion &n/ "he &ir h&s >e ome le&ner. The !se o8 LP- &n/ -o>&r -&s is >ein' romo"e/whi h re/! es &ir oll!"ion.

5. Esta>lis.ment o8 Mini-Hydel /lants Mo!n"&in re'ions &n/s"re&ms &re !se/ "o 'ener&"e ele "ri i"# "hro!'h mini H#/el l&n"s.These &re en?ironmen" 8rien/l#.

7. !raditional 'no?led9e and Practices Tr&/i"ion&ll# &ll r& "i esrel&"in' "o &'ri !l"!re s#s"em, he&l"h &re s#s"em, ho!sin', "r&ns or"e" . !se/ "o >e en?ironmen" 8rien/l#. The shi8" 8rom "he "r&/i"ion&ls#s"em h&s &!se/ l&r'e s &le /&m&'e "o "he en?ironmen" &s o!r so i&l heri"&'e.

Page |


76/116

9. se o8 ,io-Com/ost The !se o8 hemi &l 8er"ili:ers "o in re&se "heA'ri !l"!r&l ro/! "ion h&s no" onl# &/?ersel# &88e "e/ "he l&r'e&re&s o8 ro/! "i?e l&n/ >!" &lso on"&min&"e "he w&"er >o/ies.In re&ses in /em&n/ 8or or'&ni 8oo/ /em&n/ 8or /!n' &re inin re&se/ !se whi h is &n im or"&n" 8er"ili:er &n/ soil on/i"ioner.

A Control o8 ,io /est

2. C.an9e in unsustaina>le /atterns o8 consum/tion and/roduction In/i& h&s "&Fen l&r'e n!m>er o8 s"e s 8or s!s"&in&>le/e?elo men".

C.a/ter 20 %eet?een India C.ina 7 Pa istan in terms o8 %P9ro?t.rateAns A8"er "he In/e en/en e in 0


77/116

• Till &>o!" 0e"ween In/i&, Chin&, &n/ P&Fis"&n.Se "or Sh&re in -DP sh&re in em lo#men"

In/i& P&Fis"&n Chin& In/i& P&Fis"&nPrim&r# 35 35 09 14 7< 97Se on/&r# 31 35 95 01 0; 32Ter"i&r# 90 97 53 37 55 0<

Chin& h&s s! ee/e/ in l& in' 're&"er reli&n e on In/!s"ri&l se "or om &re/ "o In/i& P&Fis"&n. I" is /!e "o (i) -LB , & &m &i'n l&!n he/ in

Chin& in 0


78/116

Country o8 Po/ulationChin& 51In/i& 3;P&Fis"&n 57

i


79/116

nsL i) A s!>s"&n"i&l rise in -DP er & i"&.ii) Sel86s!88i ien # in 8oo/ ro/! "ion.iii) D!&lis"i n&"!re o8 "he e onom# is 'r&/!&ll# /e linin'.i?) Consi/er&>le in re&se in "he in i/en e o8 o?er"#.

;5 Mention t.e common 8ailures o8 India and Pa istanns I) Rel&"i?el# slow & e o8 -DP 'row"h r&"e &s Com &re/ "o Chin&.

3) Poor er8orm&n e in HDI r&nFin'.5) Poor 8is &l m&n&'emen".7) L& F o8 oli"i &l in"eres" 8or so i&l ros eri"#.

; 4 Mention t.e areas ?.ere India .as an ed9e oelow o?er"# line.5) More er en"&'e o8 o !l&"ion h&?in' & ess "o im ro?e/ w&"er

so!r es.

;11 Mention t.e areas ?.ere C.ina .as an ed9e oe & >oon 8or BDI 8low in In/i&.

Sample Paper -1

9odel Blue Print M& '% 2015 E;&!*)&"*()Hnit 6o

6ame o& the HnitIS!

9C)@19

S!@39

S!1@59

!@;9

,TB! 9ar$s

@Part-! Statistics &or

Page |


80/116

Economics1 ntroduction 1@1 3@1 13@

2 Collection(,rgani ation(Presentation o&:ata

1@1 5@2 -

3 Statistical tools Jinterpretation 3@3 ;@3 2<

Total mar$s 5@Part-B ndian Economic:e#elopment

5 :e#elopmente%perience @145


81/116

Sample Question Paper-1March 2015 Examination ( New Pattern)

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKK Time !llo*ed.3 +ours

9a%imum 9ar$s.40 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK G+)+ & I)$" #'"*()$:(i)The paper has two parts: Part A - 40 Marks, Part B - 40+10 OTBA(ii)All questions in oth the part are !o"pulsor#

0. Q!es"ions No.063 03607 &re MCQ Q!es"ions &rr#in' 0m&rF e& h.

3. Q!es"ions No. 561 09 60< &re shor" &nswer G!es"ions&rr#in' 5 m&rFs e& h. Answer "o "hem sho!l/ norm&ll#

no" e= ee/ 14 wor/s e& h.5. Q!es"ions No.26; 34(V%Q) is &lso shor" &nswer

G!es"ions &rr#in' 7 m&rFs e& h. Answer "o "hem sho!l/norm&ll# no" e= ee/ 24 wor/s e& h.

7. Q!es"ions No. e >rie8 &n/ "o "he oin" &n/ "o "he oin"&n/ "he &>o?e wor/ limi"s sho!l/ >e &/here/ "o &s 8&r &s ossi>le.

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

PART-A1 Primary data is pre"ered o#er secondary data *here

@i !ccuracy is #ery important @ii a#ailabletime is short 1

@iii !ccuracy is not important @i# suLcient8nance is not a#ailable

Page |1


82/116

2 >hich o& the &ollo*ing situation is the root cause o& alleconomic problemsM

@i 9isallocation @ii Scarcity@iii Hnder Consumption @ I ,#er

Production 13 E%plain the importance o& Statistics in Economics

3

5 7ind out arithmetic mean &rom the &ollo*ing data by thestep-de#iation method 3

Class 20-2

2 -30

30-3

3 -50

50-5 5 -0

0-

7re'uency 10 12 20 11 5

@orCalculate mode &rom the &ollo*ing series.

9ar$s inEconomics

10-14

20-24

30-34

50-54

0- 4 ;0-;4


83/116

@,r:i"erentiate bet*een Census and Sample Sur#ey4 Calculate the standard de#iation and its coeLcient &romthe &ollo*ing data. ;

% 3 < 12 1 1

@,r

C&l !l&"e Me&n De?i&"ion i"s oe88i ien" 8rom "he 8ollowin' series.

M&rF in Hin/i 467 76; ;603 03601 No. o8 s"!/en"s

7 ; 3 0

$R

10 Bollowin' &re "he m&rFs o>"&ine/ ># 04 s"!/en"s in "wo s!>@e "s, s"&"is"i s &n/e onomi s, &l !l&"e S e&rm&n[s r&nF orrel&"ion.

1M&rF in s"&"is"i s 34 39 54 79 50 7; 30 0

M&rF in onomi s 9 0< 34 73 30 72 34 0411 The &ollo*ing series relates to the daily income o&*or$ers employed in a 8rm Compute.

@i +ighest income o& lo*est 0N *or$ers(@ii 9inimum income earned by top 2 N *or$ers and@iii 9a%imum income earned by lo*est 2 N *or$ers

:aily ncome@inGs

10-15

1 -14 20-25 2 -24 30-35 3 -34

6o o& *or$ers 10 1 20 10

OH*)": Compute median( lo*er 'uartile and upper 'uartilePART-B

12 :espite being the ma or source o& li#elihood( theagriculture sector continued to e%perience stagnation anddeterioration during the British rule in ndia because o&

@i :ecline o& handicra&t @ii land tenuresystem

iii :rain o& ndia/s *ealth @i# 6one o&the abo#e13 The chairman o& Planning Commission is.

7inance minister ii Prime 9inisteriii o#ernor o& GB i# 7oreign 9inister15 7inancial sector re&orms relate to .

Page |3


84/116

i Ban$ing sector ii nsurance sectoriii Both @i J @ii i# Stoc$ 9ar$et1 >hat *as the condition o& ndian Economy on the e#e o&

ndependenceM 31; E%plain any t*o main causes o& china/s Economicgro*th 3

1< :oes moderni ation in the planning ob ecti#e createcontradiction in the light o& employment generationM E%plain3

@,rState the ,b ecti#es o& Economic Planning1 >hat *ere the results o& one child 6orm introduced inChinaM 314 Hnder *hat circumstances QThe great ProletarianCultural Ge#olution/ introduced in China 3

20 R n 1441( as an immediate measure to resol#e theBalance o& Payments crisis( the rupee *as de#alued against&oreign currencies >hat *as its mpact on ndian Economyat that time

521 E%plain any three &ailures o& Economic Planning in ndia

ist the important causes responsible &or limited success o&planning in ndia ;22 >hat is meant by lobalisationM E%plain the economicre&orms to*ards lobalisation a&ter 1441

;@,r

>hat is Pri#atisationM +o* can the o#ernment companiescon#erted into pri#ate companiesM23 :escribe the path o& de#elopment initiati#e ta$en byPa$istan &or its economic de#elopment

;6ote. @T*o more )uestions &or 10 mar$s total is the sectionon ,TB! &rom Hnit- &or 9arch 201 !nnual E%aminationonly

Page |5


85/116


86/116

• Peo le h&?in' in ome >elow "he o?er"# line &re &lle/ oor eo lewi"h in ome &>o?e o?er"# line &re &lle/ non oor.

• The l&nnin' ommission h&s /e8ine/ o?er"# line on "he >&sis o8 re ommen/e/ n!"ri"ion&l reG!iremen" o8 3744 &lories er erson inr!r&l &re&s &n/ 3044 8or & erson in !r>&n &re&s.

• *hile 8i=in' "he o?er"# line, ons!m "ion o8 8oo/ is onsi/ere/ &s "hemos" im or"&n" ri"eri&.

• The ons!m "ion wor"h o8 Rs. 53; er erson & mon"h in r!r&l &re& &n/8or !r>&n &re& i" w&s Rs. 797 &lso onsi/ere/ 8or o?er"# line.

Criticism o8 t.e /oe"ween "he ?er# oor &n/ "he o"her oor.

• There &re m&n# 8& "ors, o"her "h&n in ome &sse"s,whi h &re &sso i&"e/ wi"h o?er"#, liFe & essi>ili"# "o >&si e/! &"ion, he&l"h &re /rinFin' w&"er e" whi h h&?e

>een i'nore/.• This me"ho/ /oes no" onsi/er so i&l 8& "ors "h&" 'ener&"e &re res onsi>le 8or o?er"#, liFe illi"er& #, ill he&l"h,

l& F o8 & ess "o reso!r es /is rimin&"ion or l& F o8 reso!r es /is rimin&"ion or l& F o8 i?il oli"i &l8ree/om.

Causes o8 /o# "he rel&"i?e >& Fw&r/ness o8 &'ri !l"!re in/!s"ri&l se "or.*i/es re&/ in8r&s"r! "!r&l >o""le ne Fs &re resen"e/ &s & res!l" o8 slow & e o8 /e?elo men" ne&rl# 34 o8 "he o !l&"ion is s"ill li?in' >elow "he o?er"# line.Po/ulation eD/losion 6R& i/ 'row"h o8 o !l&"ion, &r"i !l&rl#&mon' "he oor, is res onsi>le 8or "he ro>lem o8 o?er"# in "he

o!n"r#.Hi9. lesis"en ele?els.Ine=ualities o8 income 6 (&n im or"&n" &!se o8 o?er"# in In/i& is "hee=is"en e o8 l&r'e ineG!&li"ies in /is"ri>!"ion o8 n&"ion&l in ome

on en"r&"ion o8 e onomi ower, >o"h in r!r&l !r>&n se "ors o8 "hee onomi s) e88or"s "o re/! e ineG!&li"ies h&?e >een ine88e "i?e. The >ene8i"so8 'row"h h&?e >een & ro ri&"es ># "he ri h se "ion h&?e no" re& he/ "he oores" o8 "he oor. So "he ri h >e ome ri her &s "heir in ome rise &sse"se= &n/e/.Social 8actors 6 oin" 8&mil# s#s"em, l&ws o8 inheri"&n e, s"ron' >elie8 in /es"in# 8&"e &re some so i&l 8& "ors "h&" h&?e resen"e/

Page |;


87/116

in/i?i/!&ls 8rom "&Fin' ini"i&"i?e risF.In shor" n&rrows essimis"&""i"!/e is res onsi>le 8or iner"i&, l& F o8 imi"&"i?e /#n&mism. Peo le >elie?e "h&" "heir resen" s"&"e is /!e "o "heir /es"in# i" Fee s "hein/i?i/!&l in & ?i io!s ir le o8 o?er"#.Political 8actors 6%e8oreIn/e en/en e, In/i& w&s e= loi"e/ !n/er "he %ri"ish r!le. A8"er In/e en/en e o"her oli"i &l 8& "ors h&?e &/?ersel# &88e "e/ e onomi ro'ress. onomi oli ies &re 8orm!l&"e/ "o romo"e "he in"eres" o8 "heri her se "ion o8 "he so ie"# oor eo le &re s!88ers in "he ro ess.In8lation 6 The s"ee on"in!o!s rise in ri e, &r"i !l&rl# o8 essen"i&l ommo/i"ies h&s &//e/ "o "he miseries o8 "he oor.Hi9. illiteracyrate 6lower e/! &"ion res!l" in lower in ome &s "here is & osi"i?e orrel&"ion >e"ween "he "wo.Poor state o8 a9riculture 6L&>o!r l&n/ ro/! "i?i"#

on"in!e "o >e low in In/i&. ConseG!en"l#, mos" o8 "he 8&rmers li?e in & s"&"eo8 o?er"#.nderutiliBation o8 resource 6D!e "o "he !n e= loi"&"ion n&"!r&lreso!r es o8 "he o!n"r#, o?er"# s re&/s "hro!'ho!" "he o!n"r#.

How "o remo?e o?er"#cceleration o8 economic 9ro?t. 6 "he 8irs" 8oremos" me&s!re nee/e/ "o

remo?e o?er"# is & eler&"in' "he r&"e o8 e onomi 'row"h."educin9

ine=ualities o8 income 6i8 "he hi'h 'row"h r&"e is & om &nie/ wi"hin re&se/ ineG!&li"ies o8 in ome, "hen 8r!i"s o8 e onomi /e?elo men" will& r!e onl# "o ri h se "ion, where&s "he oor will 'row in n!m>ers. Th!s ineG!&li"ies m!s" >e re/! e/ i8 /e?elo men" is "o >ene8i" "he oor.Po/ulationcontrol 6Hi'h 'row"h r&"e o8 o !l&"ion es e i&ll# &mon' "he oor is one o8 "he &!ses. So (in or/er "o remo?e o?er"#, i" is ?er# essen"i&l "h&" o !l&"ion'row"h r&"e >e he Fe/) o?er"# &n >e remo?e/ "o & 're&"er e="en", i8 wein"ensi8# 8&mil# l&nnin' &m &i'n re/! e "he in re&sin' o !l&"ion&mon' "he oor.9ricultural dele onl# when /!e em h&sis is 'i?en 8or &'ri !l"!r&l/e?elo men". so ("here is & serio!s nee/ "o enh&n e "he &'ri !l"!re

ro/! "ion ro/! "i?i"#) 'o?ernmen" sho!l/ "&Fe s"e s "o m&Fe ro?ision8or 8in&n i&l &ssis"&n e "o sm&ll m&r'in&l 8&rmers, hi'h #iel/in' ?&rie"ieo8 see/s, irri'&"ion 8& ili"ies, 8er"ili:ers e" .More em/loymento//ortunities 6 o?er"# &n >e elimin&"e/ ># ro?i/in' more em lo#men"o or"!ni"ies. So "h&" eo le &re &>le "o mee" "heir >&si nee/s.+and re8orms 6># "he im osi"ion o8 eilin's on l&n/ hol/in's "heir e88e "i?e im lemen"&"ion & 'oo/ &mo!n" o8 l&n/ &n >e & G!ire/ "o >e/is"ri>!"e/ &mon' "he l&n/less l&>orer. $n o>"&inin' l&n/, "he l&n/lessl&>orers will >e &>le "o em lo# "hemsel?es will ro/! e s!>sis"en e 8or "hem.

!.ree %imensional //roac. to remo


88/116

Po&nF lo&ns, "o se" ! &n# Fin/ o8 en"er rise "h&" 'ener&"esem lo#men". I" &""em "e/ "o 'ener&"e em lo#men" ># se""in' !se?en l&Fh mi ro6en"er rises /!rin' "he ei'h"h l&n J0o"h sel86em lo#men" w&'e6em lo#men" in !r>&n &re&s.

5. S?arna Kayant.i ram S?aroB9ar *o ana (S S*) 6 S-S+ is & sel86em lo#men" ro'r&m, l&!n he/ wi"h e88e " 8rom A ril 0 0rin' "he &ssis"e/ oor 8&milies (Sw&ro:&'&ris)&>o?e "he o?er"# line, ># or'&ni:in' "hem in"o Sel86Hel -ro! s(SH-s). n/er "his ro'r&mme, eo le who wish "o >ene8i" 8rom "hiss heme &re en o!r&'e/ "o 8orm sel86hel 'ro! s (SH-). Ini"i&ll# "he# &reen o!r&'e/ "o s&?e some mone# l&n/ &mon' "hemsel?es &s sm&lllo&ns. L&"er, "hro!'h >&nFs, "he 'o?". ro?i/es &r"i&l 8in&n i&l &ssis"&n"o SH-s whi h "hen /e i/e whom "he lo&n is "o >e 'i?en 8or sel86em lo#men" & "i?i"ies.

7. Sam/oorna rameen "oB9ar *o ana (S "*) 6 The s heme w&sl&!n he/ wi"h e88e " 8rom Se "em>er 3440. The s hemes o8 &w&h&r-r&m S&mri/hi +o@&n& ( -S+) em lo#men" &ss!r&n e s heme ( AS)h&s >een 8!ll# in"e'r&"e/ wi"h S-R+. The s heme &ims &" ro?i/in'w&'e em lo#men" in r!r&l &re&s 8oo/ se !ri"#, &lon' wi"h "he re&"iono8 /!r&>le omm!ni"# so i&l e onomi &sse"s. The en"re "he s"&"eon "he os" sh&rin' r&"io o8 ;2.9 03.9 JIn l!/in' 8oo/ 'r&ins

om onen"s .9. $ational "ural Em/loyment uarantee ct 200: 6 The & " w&s

&sse/ in 3449 "he s heme, i.e. N&"ion&l r!r&l em lo#men" '!&r&n"ees hemes or NR -S w&s l&!n he/ in Be>r!&r# 3441. The &im o8 "he & "is "o ro?i/e '!&r&n"ee/ w&'es em lo#men" "o e?er# ho!sehol/s. n/er "his ro'r&mme, ?ol!n"eer &/!l"s will >e ro?i/e/ !nsFille/ m&n!&l

Page |


89/116

worF 8or & minim!m o8 044 /s in & #e&r. Those &nno" >e em lo#e/em lo#ers !n/er "his s heme were 'i?en w&'es 8or "hose 044 /s.

1. Prad.an Mantri ramodaya *o ana (PM *) 6 This ro'r&mme w&sin"ro/! e/ in 3444640, wi"h "he o>@e "i?e o8 8o !sin' on ?ill&'e le?el/e?elo men" in 8i?e ri"i &l &re&s 6

He&l"h, Prim&r# /! &"ion, DrinFin' w&"er, Ho!sin' r!r&l ro&/s,Im ro?in' G!&li"# o8 li8e o8 eo le in r!r&l &re&s.

PM-+ in l!/es "hese ro@e "s 6&. Pr&/h&n M&n"ri -r&m S&/&F +o@n&(PM-S+) >. Pr&/h&n M&n"ri 'r&mo/#& #o@n& J-r&min &w&s

. Pr&/h&n M&n"ri 'r&mo/#& #o@n&6 R!r&l /rinFin' w&"er ro@e ".

2. $ational Social ssistance Pro9ramme ($S P) 6 NSAP w&sin"ro/! e/ on 09"h A!'!s" 0# ol/ &'e, /e&"h, rim&r# >re&/ e&rner m&"erni"#

&re. The ro'r&mme h&s "hree om onen"si. N&"ion&l ol/ &'e ension s heme (N$APS)ii. N&"ion&l 8&mil# >ene8i"s s heme (NB%S)iii. N&"ion&l >ene8i" s heme (NM%S).

Minimum $eeds /ro9rammers 6 The "hir/ & ro& h is "o ro?i/eminim!m >&si &meni"ies "o "he eo le. In/i& w&s &mon' "he ioneers "h&" i"wo!l/ ?is!&li:e "h&" "hro!'h !>li e= en/i"!res on so i&l ons!m "ionnee/s. (Boo/ 'r&ins &" s!>si/i:e/ r&"es, e/! &"ion, he&l"h, w&"er s! l# s&ni"&"ion) eo le s li?in' s"&n/&r/ o!l/ >e im ro?e/. Pro'r&mmers !n/er "his & ro& h &re e= e "e/ "o s! lemen" "he ons!m "ion o8 "he oor.Cre&"e em lo#men"s in he&l"h e/! &"ion. 5 m&@or ro'r&ms "h&" &ims &im ro?in' "he 8oo/ n!"ri"ion&l s"&"!s o8 oor &re 6

i. P!>li /is"ri>!"ion s#s"emii. in"e'r&"e/ hil/ /e?elo men" s hemeiii. mi// me&l s heme

24 E;3 &*) "%+ ?& *(#$ '$+$ 8%*'% !&6+ (#'(#)" @ $"* & 9+?+ (3*). E'()(!@


90/116

M& 6*). S'%+!+

S&!3 + P&3+ - 1 M& '% 2015

>N(

K+@ P(*)"$ M&6$

1 @i !ccuracy is #ery important 1

2 @ii Scarcity 10 S"&"is"i s hel s in m&Fin' e onomi l&ws liFe l&w o8 /em

on e " o8 el&s"i i"#.3 I" hel s in !n/ers"&n/in' &n/ sol?in' e onomi ro>lem.5 I" hel s in s"!/#in' m&rFe" s"r! "!re.7 I" hel s in 8in/in' m&"hem&"i &l rel&"ions >e"ween ?&ri&>

4

Cl&ss BreG!en # Mi/ oin"s DEm6A / E(m6A) 9

8/

34639 04 33.9 609 65 654

39654 03 32.9 604 63 637

54659 ; 53.9 69 60 6;

59674 34 52.9 A 4 4 4

7467 00 73.9 9 0 00

94699 7 72.9 04 3 ;

9 93.9 09 5 09

Page |40


91/116

X E A U8/ \ i E 52.9 63; = 9 E 52.9 6 4.7 = 9 E 59.9(or)

Mo/e E L0 8i 8o 38i 8o 83 = I ( $"her 8orm!l& D0 &n &lso >e !s

E77.00

5 Me&n , Me/i&n, Mo/e Q!&r"iles

= Commo/i"ies * Pri e in

3404( o)

Pri e in

3403(P0)

* R(P0 Po=044 R*

A 34 34 59 744 029 24444

% 03 09 0; 0;4 034 30144

C ; 04 00 ;4 004 ;;44

D 7 9 9 34 044 3444

1 7 9 37 039 5444

R / 105400/ 04 14F 1

04

R 105400

S &le sho!l/ >e men"ione/. BreG!en # on + &=is &n/ V&ri&>les on X &=isCons"r! " &/@& en" ri'h" &n'les. The hei'h" o8 "he ri'h" &n'le will &g

Documents

Study Material of Class XI 2014-20115(1-89)