Stormwater Hydrology

7/23/2019 Stormwater Hydrology

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S|krn Vj|`r Awlrkbkfw

Lr) Jh`}j|g S) _`llw

Jsskcgj|` ]rkd`sskr" \aj}jr Pigt`rsg|w]j|gjbj !]PIEJO' – :<6 ==<



Js}`c|s ckt`r`l

 Vj|`rsa`ls jil |a`gr cajrjc|`rgs|gcs – Lrjgijf` sws|`ns kd vj|`rsa`ls8 Proji vj|`rsa`ls jil Proji s|krn

vj|`r sws|`ns

  _jgidjbb" `dd`c|gt` rjgidjbb jil aw`|kfrj}as jil `dd`c|gt` rjgidjbbaw`|kfrj}as

– _jgidjbb jil g|s dj|`8 rjgi djbb `tì|s jil l`sgfi rjgidjbb `tì|s8 `dd`c|gt`!i`|' rjgidjbb

– _pikdd jil rpikdd ck`ddgcgì|8 _jgidjbb.rpikdd nkl`bs8 jil n`|akls kd rpikdd `s|gnj|gkis !PS SCS n`|akl'

– Aw`|kfrj}as jil `dd`c|gt` rjgidjbb aw`|kfrj}as !@_A'

  \gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki – N`|akls kd `s|gnj|gki kd |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki5 I_CS |rjt`b |gn`

n`|akl jil I_CS bjf n`|akl

  _j|gkijb n`|akl kd }`jh rpi kdd `s|gnj|gki jil I_CS n`|akl kd }`jh rpikdd jil tkbpn` rpikdd `s|gnj|gki



Js}`c|s ckt`r`l  Awlrkfrj}as jil awlrkfrj}a jijbwsgs

– \w}`s kd awlrkfrj}as5 Awlrkfrj}as8 S|krn+dbkkl awlrkfrj}as

jil ckn}b`q+ckn}kpil s|krn awlrkfrj}as8 Lgr`c| rpikdd awlrkfrj}as !L_A'8 Pig| awlrkfrj}as" Lgnìsgkib`ss pig|awlrkfrj}a" Swi|a`|gc pig| awlrkfrj}as

– L`rgtgif lgr`c| rpikdd awlrkfrj}as drkn |a` s|krn+dbkklawlrkfrj}as

–

Pig| awlrkfrj}as jil |a`gr l`rgtj|gki8 Swi|a`|gc pig|awlrkfrj}as jil |a`gr l`t`bk}nì|8 SCS Lgnìsgkib`ss Pig|awlrkfrj}as

– Pig| awlrkfrj}a n`|akl dkr l`rgtgif Lgr`c| rpikdd awlrkfrj}asjil S|krn+dbkkl awlrkfrj}as

 

Proji s|krn vj|`r8 @s|gnj|gki kd l`sgfi }`jh rpikdd rj|`sjil tkbpn`s8 Zpji|gdgcj|gki kd proji s|krn vj|`rs dkr zpjbg|wnjijf`nì|

  L`sgfi kd s|krn s`v`rs jil k|a`r ckis|g|pì|s kd ji projis|krn vj|`r lrjgijf` sws|`n8 L`sgfi kd s|krn vj|`r r`|ì|gki

ojsgis8 S|krn vj|`r |r`j|nì| sws|`ns8 jil Frkpilvj|`rr`cajrf` v`bbs



Awlrkbkfgc cwcb`  @tj}k.|rjis}grj|gki !vj|`r tj}kr ì|`rs |a` j|nks}a`r`'

– @tj}krj|gki drkn frkpil jil vj|`r sprdjc`s

–

|rjis}grj|gki ow }bji| b`jt`s  Ckilìsj|gki

– Vj|`r cajif`s s|j|` drkn tj}kr |k bgzpgl

– vj|`r tj}kr js g| rgs`s gi |a` jgr" bkks`s ì`rfw jil ckkbs lkvi" jil|aì cajif`s s|j|` gi|k bgzpgl kr gc`

  ]r`cg}g|j|gki – Vj|`r o`gif r`b`js`l drkn cbkpls js rjgi" sb``|" sikv kr ajgb

– Kccprs vaì |a` ckilìs`l vj|`r o`ckn`s |kk a`jtw |k r`njgi gi|a` j|nks}a`rgc

  Gidgb|rj|gki jil }`rckbj|gki – \a` }kr|gki kd }r`cg}g|j|gki s``}gif gi|k |a` frkpil

– Gi|`rc`}|gki" ̀ tj}krj|gki" s|`n dbkv jil |arkpfa dbkv – Sprdjc` s|krjf`" skgb nkgs|pr` ̀ irgcanì| jil ̀ tj}krj|gki

– Frkpilvj|`r r`cajrfgif

  _pikdd – Sprdjc` rpikdd" gi|`rdbkv $ frkpilvj|`r dbkv !lgr`c| dbkv $ ojs` dbkv'

–

_jgidjbb jil sikv jil gc` n`b| cki|rgop|` vj|`r – Sa``| dbkv" ckicì|rj|`l sajbbkv dbkv jil cajii`b dbkv





Vj|`rsa`l

L`dgig|gki

 L`dgi`l js jbb |a` bjil jr`j |aj| cki|rgop|`s s|krn vj|`r |k |a`vj|`rsa`l kp|b`| !|a` }kgi| kd gi|`r`s| j| vagca kpr l`sgfi o`fgis'

Okpiljrw dkr j vj|`rsa`l gs l`bgi`j|`l |arkpfa psgif

  \k}kfrj}agc nj} !vg|a |k}kfrj}agc cki|kprs j| `b`tj|gki |a`gi|`rtjbs kd =)0n kr :)=n kr :)0 n'

  Lgfg|jb `b`tj|gki+|k}kfrj}agc lj|j gi |a` dkrn kd frgl c`bbs !kd 3=nr`skbp|gki jil :n `b`tj|gki*' – lgfg|jb |`rrjgi jijbwsgs gs }`rdkrn`ldkr |a` l`bgi`j|gki !FGS'

Vj|`rsa`l l`bgi`j|gki gitkbt`s

  Cakksgif |a` vj|`rsa`l kp|b`|

  Lrjvgif }`r}ìlgcpbjr bgi`s jcrkss |a` cki|kpr bgi`s |k |a`vj|`rsa`l kp|b`| – jrrkvs lgr`c|`l |kvjrls gicr`jsgif `b`tj|gkijr` ps`l

Proji jr`js |k o` s`rt`l ow j s|krn s`v`rjf` sws|`n cji jbsko` lgtgl`l gi|k j npb|g|pl` kd lrjgijf` jr`js+vj|`rsa`ls



Vj|`rsa`l cajrjc|`rgs|gcs

  Cj|canì| sgu` kr lrjgijf` jr`j jil cj|canì| saj}`

– Lrjgijf` jr`j !J'5 Bjrf`r |a` lrjgijf` jr`j fr`j|`r vgbb o` |a`tkbpn` kd s|krn vj|`r fì`rj|`l

  Vj|`rsa`l bìf|a" cj|canì| sbk}` jil cajii`b sbk}` jilsprdjc` rkpfai`ss

–

Vj|`rsa`l bìf|a !B' – kd|ì bjo`b`l js awlrkbkfgc bìf|a – L`dgi`l js |a` lgs|jic` n`jspr`l jbkif |a` }rgicg}jb s|krn

vj|`r dbkv }j|a !}j|a va`r` fr`j|`s| tkbpn` kd vj|`r vkpbl|rjt`b' drkn |a` kp|b`| |k |a` lgtgl` kd |a` ojsgi

  Skgb |w}` !|`q|pr`" s|rpc|pr` jil l`fr`` kd lgs|projic`' .

awlrkbkfgc skgb frkp}s .J" .O" .C jil –L

  Bjil ps`. gicbpl`s t`f`|j|gki ckt`r !|w}` jil lìsg|w'" crk}|w}`" vkkls" rkjls" `|c)

  Ij|prjb s|krjf`5 }kilgif gi ij|prjb l`}r`ssgkis" bjh`s jil

sgngbjr d`j|pr`s . bkcj|gki" cj}jcg|w jil oàjtgkr kd s|krjf`



Vj|`rsa`l cajrjc|`rgs|gcs

 

Awlrkbkfgc ckilg|gkis . cji o` }kkr !a`jtgbw frju`l kr ajtgif20=% }bji| ckt`r'" djgr !nkl`rj|`bw frju`l kr ajtgif 60.0=%}bji| ckt`r' kr fkkl !bgfa|bw frju`l kr vg|a 960% }bji| ckt`r')

  Ji|`c`lì| nkgs|pr` ckilg|gkis !gig|gjb l`fr`` kd sj|prj|gki'. cji o` lrw skgb !G'" ikrnjb skgb !GG' jil v`| skgb !GGG'

  Ipno`r jil `ddgcgìcw kd vj|`r ckprs`s

  F`kbkfw kd |a` vj|`rsa`l jil frkpilvj|`r b`t`bs

  Bjil |r`j|nì| . lgs|rgop|gki kd gn}`rtgkps jil }`rtgkpsckt`r

– gn}`rtgkps jr`j !lgr`c|bw ckii`c|`l jil gilgr`c|bw ckii`c|`l |k|a` lrjgijf` sws|`n'

– Gn}`rtgkps jr`j dbkvgif js ckicì|rj|`l sajbbkv dbkv ki|k}`rtgkps jr`j $|aì gi|k lrjgijf` sws|`n gs lgr`c|bw ckii`c|`l



Awlrkbkfgc Skgb Frkp}s !ASF'

  ASF.J5 Bkv rpi kdd }k|ì|gjb jil agfa gidgb|rj|gki rj|`s . L``}"v`bb lrjgi`l sjilw+frjt`bbw skgb . Vj|`r |rjisngssgki rj|`s59=)3 gica+ar)

  ASF.O5 Nkl`rj|` gidgb|rj|gki+rpikdd rj|`s . Nkl`rj|`bw l``}jil nkl`rj|`bw lrjgigif skgbs . Nkl`rj|`bw dgi` |k nkl`rj|`bw

ckjrs` |`q|pr` . Vj|`r |rjisngssgki rj|`s5 =):0.=)3 gica+ar)  ASF.C5 Bkv gidgb|rj|gki rj|`s jil r`bj|gt`bw agfa rpikdd rj|`s .

Skgbs gicbpl` bjw`r gn}`lgif lkvivjrl nkt`nì| kd vj|`r .Nkl`rj|`bw dgi` |k dgi` skgb |`q|pr` . Vj|`r |rjisngssgki rj|`s5=)=0.=):0 gica+ar)

  ASF.L5 Agfa rpikdd }k|ì|gjb jil t`rw bkv gidgb|rj|gki rj|`s .Cbjw skgbs vg|a agfa sv`bbgif }k|ì|gjb" kr skgbs vg|a cbjw }ji krcbjw bjw`r j| kr i`jr sprdjc`" kr sajbbkv skgb kt`r i`jrbwgn}`rtgkps nj|`rgjb . Vj|`r |rjisngssgki rj|`s5 2=)=0 gica+ar



Vj|`rsa`l Cajrjc|`rgs|gcs5 Sbk}`

Jt`rjf` vj|`rsa`l sbk}`

  Lgtgl` |a` vj|`rsa`l gi|k lgdd`rì| sbk}` jr`js jil dgil |a`r`

jr`j drjc|gkis – S`b`c| r`}r`sì|j|gt` bkcj|gki dkr `jca kd |a` sbk}` jr`js jil

dgil sbk}` gi }`rcì|

– Npb|g}bw sbk}` jil drjc|gkijb jr`j dkr `jca kd sbk}` jr`js jilspn |a` r`spb|ji| |k ko|jgi v`gfa|`l jt`rjf` vj|`rsa`l sbk}`

  Lgtgl` vj|`rsa`l gi|k szpjr` frgls" jil" j| |a` gi|`rs`c|gkiskd frgls n`jspr` sbk}` }`r}ìlgcpbjr |k |a` cki|kprs

– \jh` n`ji sbk}` kd jbb gi|`rs`c|gkis js jt`rjf` vj|`rsa`l sbk}`

Vj|`rsa`l cajii`b sbk}`

 

_j|` kd cajif` kd `b`tj|gki vg|a r`s}`c| |k lgs|jic` jbkif |a`}rgicg}jb dbkv }j|a

  Lgtgl` |a` `b`tj|gki lgdd`rìc` !o`|v`ì |a` ìl }kgi|s kd |a` }rgicg}jb dbkv }j|a' vg|a |a` awlrkbkfgc bìf|a !Μ@+B'

  \a` `b`tj|gki lgdd`rìc` njw ik| o` |a` njqgnpn `b`tj|gki

lgdd`rìc` vg|agi |a` vj|`rsa`l



Vj|`rsa`l Cajrjc|`rgs|gcs5 Saj}`Vj|`rsa`l saj}`

  _`db`c|s |a` vjw rpikdd vgbb opica.p} j| |a` vj|`rsa`l kp|b`|

  L`}ìlgif ki |a` saj}` tjrgkps }jr|s kd |a` vj|`rsa`ls vgbb r`jca|a` kp|b`| j| lgdd`rì| |gn`s

  Dbkkl }`jhs }rklpc`l tjrw vg|a |a` vj|`rsa`l saj}`

]jrjn`|`rs ps`l dkr l`scrgogif |a` vj|`rsa`l saj}`s

n

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cj

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_rj|gkbkifj|gki @

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J _rj|gk wCgrcpbjrg|

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]D rj|gk wCgrcpbjrg|

B B B djc|kr Saj}`

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‑Bcj

‗Bìf|a |k |a` cì|`r kd jr`j

‑B‗ gs vj|`rsa`l bìf|a

‑]‗ gs }`rgn`|`r kd |a` vj|`rsa`l

‑J‗ gs jr`j kd |a` vj|`rsa`l

‑J=‗ gs jr`j kd j cgrcb` vg|a |a` sjn`

}`rgn`|`r js |a` vj|`rsa`l‑Bn‗ gs |a` njqgnpn bìf|a kd |a`vj|`rsa`l }jrjbb`b |k |a` }rgicg}jblrjgijf` bgi`

‑Lk gs lgjn`|`r kd j cgrcb` kd sjn` jr`j

Saj}` djc|kr gs ckisgl`r`l js |a` o`s| l`scrg}|kr kd }`jh lgscajrf`



Vj|`rsa`l Cajrjc|`rgs|gcs5Lrjgijf` Sws|`n

 

Dj|` kd }r`cg}g|j|gki – Gi|`rc`}|gki

  @tj}k|rjis}grj|gki

  S|`ndbkv jil |arkpfa dbkv |k bjil

– @tj}krj|gki

– Gidgb|rj|gki  Skgb nkgs|pr`

  Sposprdjc` dbkv !gi|`rdbkv'

  ]`rckbj|gki |k frkpilvj|`r – Frkpilvj|`r dbkv !ojs` dbkv'

– Sprdjc` rpikdd

  Lgr`c| dbkv !sprdjc` rpikdd ( gi|`rdbkv' jil Ojs` dbkv!frkpilvj|`r dbkv'

  I`| rjgidjbb – rjgidjbb |aj| gs jtjgbjob` |k dbkv |k |a` kp|b`|

!}r`cg}g|j|gki – bkss`s'



Dj|` kd }r`cg}g|j|gki gi vj|`rsa`ls

http://onlinemanuals.txdot.gov/txdotmanuals/hyd/images/4.19.gif



Vj|`rsa`l lrjgijf` sws|`n

  Sprdjc` rpikdd kd j vj|`rsa`l dbkvs |kvjrls |a` kp|b`|

–Dgrs| js kt`r bjil dbkv

– \aì js sajbbkv ckicì|rj|`l dbkv jil

– Dgijbbw js cajii`b dbkv

Sajbbkv }kilgif kd vj|`r !sprdjc` s|krjf`' cji jbsk kccpr !|agsvj|`r gs nks|bw bks| |arkpfa gidgb|rj|gki jil `tj}krj|gki'

  Cajii`bs+s|r`jns vj|`rsa`ls njw o` jll`l vg|a gi|`rdbkvsjil ojs` dbkvs

– Cajii`bs cji bks` vj|`r dkr frkpilvj|`r r`cajrfgif" dkrdbkklgif bjil |arkpfa kt`rdbkvgif jil ow `tj}krj|gki

–S|r`jns+cajii`bs cji o` krl`r`l jil vj|`rsa`l ogdprcj|gkirj|gks v`r` ps`l |k l`scrgo` s|r`jns

  L`scrgo`l ow |ar`` }jrjn`|`rs" cajii`b bìf|a" cajii`b sbk}`jil lrjgijf` lìsg|w



Vj|`rsa`l bìf|a !B'5

Cajii`b bìf|a !Bc'5

Cajii`b bìf|a !B:=.10'5




  Cajii`b bìf|a !Bc kr B:=.10'5 –

Bc gs lgs|jic` n`jspr`l jbkif |a` njgi cajii`bdrkn |a` vj|`rsa`l kp|b`| |k |a` ìl }kgi| kd |a` cajii`b

– B:=.10 gs lgs|jic` n`jspr`l jbkif |a` njgicajii`b drkn :=% lgs|jic` }kgi| |k 10%lgs|jic` }kgi|

Cajii`b ìl }kgi| glì|gdgcj|gki gs j spoe`c|gt`|agif

  Cajii`b sbk}` !Sc' – Gd |a` cajii`b sbk}` gs ik| pigdkrn |aì

v`gfa|`l sbk}` gs ckisgl`r`l

  Lrjgijf` lìsg|w !L' – _j|gk kd |k|jb bìf|a kd |a` s|r`jns vg|agi |a`

vj|`rsa`l |k |a` |k|jb jr`j kd |a` vj|`rsa`l

\w}gcjb tjbp`s jr` :)0+hn |k 4+hn

Agfa`r tjbp` gilgcj|`s rj}gl s|krn r`s}kis`

J B

L

B

@ S

B

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c

cc

10:=

10:=

10:=

∄@c gs `b`tj|gki lgdd`rìcò`|v`ì bkv`r jil p}}`rcajii`b ìls

∄@:=.10 gs `b`tj|gki

lgdd`rìc` o`|v`ì B:= jil B10 }kgi|s

B| gs |k|jb bìf|a kd jbb |a`s|r`jns kd |a` vj|`rsa`l

J gs vj|`rsa`l jr`j




: H

og _ I Ig gs ipno`r kd s|r`jns gi |a` g|a krl`r

‑H‗ gs |a` }rgicg}jb s|r`jn krl`r

_o gs jt`rjf` kd ogdprcj|gki rj|gks kd lgdd`rì| krl`rs

!Akr|ki l`t`bk}`l' Bjv kd s|r`jn ipno`rs

Ogdprcj|gki rj|gk !_o'5 rj|gk kd |a` ipno`r kd s|r`jns kd jiw krl`r|k |a` ipno`r kd s|r`jns kd |a` i`q| agfa`r krl`r

g

g B B

B _ : :

:

g

Bg _ B B ‑Bg‗ gs jt`rjf` kd bìf|a kd g|a krl`r s|r`jns

_B gs s|r`jn bìf|as rj|gk

!Akr|ki }rk}ks`l' Bjv kd s|r`jn bìf|as !_B'5 _j|gk kd jt`rjf`bìf|as kd |a` s|r`jns kd spcc`ssgt` krl`rs

g

g

J J

J

_:

‑J‗ gs lrjgijf` jr`j kd |a` g

|a

krl`r s|r`jns

!Scapnn }rk}ks`l' Bjv kd s|r`jn jr`js !_J'

S|r`jn krl`r5 N`jspr` kd |a` l`fr`` kd s|r`jn orjicagifvg|agi j vj|`rsa`l

– ‑i|a‗ krl`r s|r`jn gs dkrn`l ow ≠ ? s|r`jns kd !i.:'|a krl`r – Krl`r kd |a` }rgicg}jb cajii`b gs hikvi js }rgicg}jb krl`r



Proji vj|`rsa`ls  Cajif`l bjilscj}` jil jb|`r`l lrjgijf` }j||`ris

–S|krn vj|`r lrjgis !r`}bjcgif |a` cajii`bs+s|r`jns kd ij|prjbvj|`rsa`ls'

– _`lpc`l t`f`|j|gki ckt`r" ckicr`|` sprdjc`s" ckn}jc|`l skgbsgki" jil gicr`js`l gn}`rtgkpsi`ss

– I`|vkrh kd rkjls jil drjfnì|j|gki kd bjil

 

Opgblgifs" rkkd |k} rjgi vj|`rs jil rjgivj|`r ajrt`s|gifsws|`ns

  Cki|jngij|`l s|krn vj|`rs

– S`vjf`

– _pi kdd drkn vjs|` lgs}ksjb sg|`s jil cki|jngij|`l sprdjc`s

  Gssp`s jsskcgj|`l vg|a s|krn vj|`rs – ]kilgif+dbkklgif kd cki|jngij|`l s|krn vj|`r !gid`s|`l ow

v``ls" }`s|s" dgb`s jil nkszpg|k`s jil r`b`jsgif ojl klkprs'

– ]`rckbj|gki kd }kbbp|`l s|krn vj|`r !frkpil vj|`r }kbbp|gki'

– ]kbbp|gki kd vj|`r oklg`s jil bjil drkn s|krn vj|`r lgscajrf`s



Proji s|krn vj|`r sws|`ns  \a` }pr}ks` gs |k r`nkt` s|krn vj|`r drkn jr`js spca js s|r``|s

jil sgl`vjbhs

 \ags sws|`n ckisgs|s kd – Gib`|s

– s|r``| jil rkjlvjw fp||`rs

– rkjlsgl` lg|ca`s

– snjbb cajii`bs jil svjb`s

–

snjbb pil`rfrkpil }g}` sws|`ns  Ckbb`c|`l s|krn vj|`r rpikdd gs |rjis}kr|`l |k s|rpc|prjb ON]

djcgbg|g`s

– }`rtgkps jr`js jil+kr |a` njekr lrjgijf` sws|`n !ij|prjb vj|`rvjws"bjrf` nji.njl` ckilpg|s" jil bjrf` vj|`r gn}kpilnì|s'

  L`sgfi crg|`rgj jil fpgljic` ki cknnki lrjgijf` sws|`n

ckn}kiì|s – S|r``| jil rkjlvjw fp||`rs

– Gib`|s jil s|krn lrjgi }g}` sws|`ns

– Cpbt`r|s

– T`f`|j|`l jil bgi`l k}ì cajii`bs

–@i`rfw lgssg}j|gki l`tgc`s dkr kp|b`| }rk|`c|gki



_jgidjbb  _jgidjbb gs cajrjc|`rgu`l ow gi|ìsg|w" lprj|gki jil dr`zpìcw

  Gi|ìsg|w gs l`dgi`l js rj|gk kd rjgidjbb l`}|a |k lprj|gki jil

`q}r`ss`l gi nn+ar  Gi|ìsg|w `qagog|s s}j|gjb jil |`n}krjb tjrgj|gkis

  Dkr snjbb proji vj|`rsa`ls !2?== jcr`s jr`j'" s}j|gjb tjrgj|gkisjr` ckisgl`r`l js i`fbgfgob`

  Aw`|kfrj}a !j }bk| kd rjgidjbb gi|ìsg|w jfjgis| |gn`' gs ps`l |kl`scrgo` |a` |`n}krjb tjrgj|gkis

  _jgidjbb gi|ìsg|w gs n`jspr`l ow cki|gipkpsbw r`ckrlgif rjgidjbbki j jp|kfrj}agc rjgi fjpf`

  Jrgl jil s`ng.jrgl r`fgki rjgidjbb `tì|s jr` |w}gcjbbw kd sakr|

lprj|gki" r`bj|gt`bw agfa gi|ìsg|w jil kd bgng|`l jr`jb `q|ì| – ckitì|gkijb rjgis

  ?=.3=% kccpr j| 9<= nn+ar) gi|ìsg|w jil 90=% kd |a` rjgidjbbkccprs j| 9?= nn+ar gi|ìsg|w

  _jgidjbb r`ckrl gs jtjgbjob` drkn GNL js :0 ngip|`s+ akprbw+

ljgbw rjgidjbb lj|j

+



L`sgfi s|krn+rjgidjbb `tì|L`sgfi s|krn+rjgidjbb `tì|5 S|krn `tì| ps`l js ojsgs dkr |a`

l`sgfi kd j s|krn vj|`r njijf`nì| sws|`n

 

Dkpil drkn |a` rjgidjbb r`ckrls dkr j s}`cgdg`l Jiipjb@qc``ljic` ]rkojogbg|w !J@]' jil+kr r`|pri }`rgkl

_`|pri }`rgkl5 Jt`rjf` bìf|a kd |gn` o`|v`ì |vk rjgidjbb`tì|s kd sjn` lprj|gki jil tkbpn`

  _`|pri }`rgkl gs |a` git`rs` kd |a` Jiipjb @qc``ljic`

]rkojogbg|w !:=% J@] n`jis := w`jrs r`|pri }`rgkl'  Jiipjb @qc``ljic` ]rkojogbg|w !J@]'5 ]rkojogbg|w kd kccprrìc`

kd j s|krn `tì| kd j s}`cgdgc lprj|gki jil tkbpn` gi ji w`jr

  _`|pri }`rgkl ckisgl`r`l l`}ìls ki r`bj|gt` gn}kr|jic` kd |a` djcgbg|w o`gif l`sgfi`l" cks| kd |a` djcgbg|w" b`t`b kd

}rk|`c|gki l`sgr`l jil ljnjf` r`spb|gif drkn djgbpr`

  \w}gcjb r`|pri }`rgkl dkr s|krn s`v`rs l`sgfi gs ?.:= w`jrs

L`sgfi s|krn lprj|gki !|gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki'5 Lprj|gki kd |a`s|krn r`spb|gif gi |a` bjrf`s| }`jh lgscajrf` dkr fgtì r`|pri }`rgkl

 

Gi s|krn s`v`r l`sgfi =): akprs gs |jhì js |a` ngignpn |gn`kd ckicì|rj|gki !l`sgfi s|krn lprj|gki'



L`sgfi s|krn+rjgidjbb `tì|  Ko|jgi rjgidjbb `tì|s !kos`rtj|gkis' gidkrnj|gki dkr 90 w`jrs

  _jih |a` jiipjb rjgidjbbs drkn bjrf`s| |k snjbb`s|

  @s|gnj|` }rkojogbg|w kd kccprrìc` ow

  ]bk| rjih`l kos`rtj|gkis jfjgis| }rkojogbg|w ki ikrnjb}rkojogbg|w }j}`r jil dg| j cprt` !pspjbbw j s|rjgfa| bgi`'

  Dgil r`|pri }`rgkl gi w`jrs ow

:==?0)=360)=

in]

N gs rjih kd |a` kos`rtj|gki

i gs |k|jb ipno`r kd rjgidjbb kos`rtj|gkis

\a` dkrnpbj cji o` ps`l dkr i > := |k :==

]\

:==

\ gs r`|pri }`rgkl

] }rkojogbg|w kd kccprrìc`



_jgidjbb dr`zpìcw s}`c|rpn !_DS' L`dgi`l js |a` lgs|rgop|gki kd jbb rjgidjbb `tì|s

  _jgidjbb tkbpn` drkn jbb |a` s|krn `tì|s rjifgif drkn |a`snjbb`s|" nks| dr`zpì| `tì|s |k |a` bjrf`s|" nks| `q|r`n``tì|s kt`r j bkif lprj|gki jr` }r`sì|`l

  Ckisgs|s kd cbjss`s kd dr`zpìcg`s" kd|ì orkhì lkvi owr`|pri }`rgkl rjif`s

– < }rgicg}jb cbjss`s

– \a` |vk snjbb`s|" kr nks| dr`zpì|" cbjss`s jr` kd|ì r`d`rr`l |kjs vj|`r zpjbg|w s|krns . |a` cki|rkb koe`c|gt`s kd |a`s` s|krnsjr` frkpilvj|`r r`cajrf`" }kbbp|ji| bkjl r`lpc|gki" jil |kcki|rkb kd cajii`b.`rksgki

– \a` |vk bjrf`r" kr b`ss dr`zpì|" cbjss`s jr` r`d`rr`l |k js

zpji|g|w s|krns . |a` cki|rkb koe`c|gt`s kd |a`s` s|krns jr`cajii`b `rksgki cki|rkb" kt`rojih cki|rkb" jil dbkkl cki|rkb

  \a` rpikdd tkbpn` gs |a` nks| gn}kr|ji| dkr |a` vj|`r zpjbg|w}rk|`c|gki jil l`sgfi

  \a` rpikdd }`jh rj|` gs |a` nks| gn}kr|ji| dkr lrjgijf`

sws|`n l`sgfi jil dbkklgif jijbwsgs



\w}gcjb dbkkl dr`zpìcw cprt`



L`sgfi S|krn @tì|s

Snjbb s|krns

 S|krns vg|a r`|pri }`rgkl 24 nki|as

  Ckisgl`r`l dkr jllr`ssgif |a` s|krn vj|`r zpjbg|w

  _`s}kisgob` dkr nks| jiipjb proji rpikdd jil dkr nks| }kbbp|ji|vjsa.kdd drkn proji sprdjc`s !`rkl`l s`lgnì| gs `qc`}|gki'

N`lgpn s|krns

  S|krns vg|a j r`|pri dr`zpìcw kd 4 nki|as |k ? w`jrs

  L`|`rngi` |a` sgu` jil saj}` kd |a` r`c`gtgif s|r`jns

  Crg|gcjb gi |a` l`sgfi kd ON]s |aj| }rk|`c| s|r`jn cajii`bs drknjcc`b`rj|`l `rksgki jil l`frjlj|gki

Bjrf`r s|krns  S|krns vg|a r`|pri dr`zpìcw kd ? |k :== w`jrs !ngikr s|krns5 ? |k

:= w`jr s|krn8 jil njekr s|krns5 9:= w`jr s|krns'

  \rjlg|gkijbbw ps`l dkr |a` l`sgfi kd s|krn vj|`r ckit`wjic`djcgbg|g`s !s|krn s`v`rs jil l`|ì|gki ojsgis dkr }`jh lgscajrf`

cki|rkb8 jil |k }r`tì| bkcjb kt`rojih dbkklgif'

_ g d bb lg g b g d bb



_jgidjbb njss cprt` – lgnìsgkib`ss rjgidjbbnjss cprt` . aw`|kfrj}a

_jgidjbb njss cprt`5 ]bk| kd cpnpbj|gt` rjgidjbb kd jrjgidjbb `tì| jfjgis| |gn`

Aw`|kfrj}a5 |gn` lgs|rgop|gkikd rjgidjbb gi|ìsg|w !gi nnkr cn }`r ar) kr gica }`r ar'kt`r |gn` kd j rjgidjbb `tì|!r`}r`sì|`l ow ojr frj}a'

_jgidjbb `tì|5 J rjgidjbb `tì|s`}jrj|`l drkn |a` `jrbg`rjil spos`zpì| rjgidjbb`tì|s ow ≠4 ars kd ik rjgi



_jgidjbb njss cprt` – lgnìsgkib`ssrjgidjbb njss cprt` . aw`|kfrj}a

_jgidjbb `tì|s tjrw vgl`bw gi ok|a lprj|gki jil |gn` lgs|rgop|gkikd gi|ìsg|w jil ik r`bj|gkisag} `qgs|s o`|v`ì |gn`lgs|rgop|gki kd gi|ìsg|w jil rjgidjbb `tì| lprj|gki

\ags njh`s }r`lgc|gki kd |gn` lgs|rgop|gki kd gi|ìsg|w kd j rjgidjbb`tì| gn}kssgob`

\a` I_CS ?<.akpr s|krn lgs|rgop|gkis !\w}` .:" :J" GG $ GGG'L`t`bk}`l ojs`l ki |a` l`}|a.lprj|gki.dr`zpìcw r`bj|gkisag}s

dkr |a` rjgidjbb `tì|s bjs|gif drkn 3= ngi) |k ?< ars

Psgif 3= ngi) |gn` gicr`nì|s" rjgidjbb l`}|as jr` jrrjif`l

\a` njq) 3= ngi) l`}|a gs jsspn`l |k kccpr gi |a` ngllb` kd ?<.akpr }`rgkl

\a` i`q| bjrf`s| 3=ngi) l`}|a vjs }bjc`l jd|`r |a` njq) l`}|a

\a` |agrl bjrf`s| l`}|a vjs }bjc`l }rgkr |k |a` njqgnpn l`}|a

\ags }rkc`ss vjs cki|gip`l jil `jca l`cr`jsgif 3= ngi) l`}|a

vjs }bjc`l j| |a` o`fgiigif jil ìl kd |a` ?<.akpr rjgidjbb





_jgidjbb njss cprt` – lgnìsgkib`ssrjgidjbb njss cprt` . aw`|kfrj}a

Ki` j}}rkjca |aj| cji o` dkbbkv`l gs ps` kd lgnìsgkib`ssrjgidjbb njss cprt`s

S`t`r` s|krn `tì|s dkr j }kgi| rjgidjbb nkig|krgif s|j|gki jr`ps`lS|krn `tì| kd ki` akpr lprj|gki jil ? w`jrs r`|pri }`rgkl

S|krn `tì| kd 9:)= gica rjgidjbb l`}|aDkr `jca s|krn `q}r`ss ok|a cpnpbj|gt` rjgidjbb l`}|a jil

`bj}s`l |gn` js }`rcì|jf`s kd |a` |k|jb\jhgif 0 kr :=% |gn` gicr`nì|s jil dgil :=%" 0=% jil 7=%

tjbp`s dkr `jca kd |a` gicr`nì|s

Dg| n`ji cprt` !0=%' jil :=% jil 7=% ìt`bk}` cprt`s\a` r`spb|ji| cprt`s cji o` ps`l dkr ckis|rpc|gif swi|a`|gc

s|krns kd jiw lprj|gki jil jiw cpnpbj|gt` rjgidjbb l`}|a

Sgngbjrbw aw`|kfrj}a dkr |a` swi|a`|gc s|krn cji o`ckis|rpc|`l



@dd |g !I |' _ g d bb



@dd`c|gt` !I`|' _jgidjbb  @dd`c|gt` kr i`| rjgidjbb gs |a` drjc|gki kd rjgidjbb cki|rgop|gif

|k lgr`c| rpikdd !_jgidjbb – _jgidjbb bkss`s'

 

_jgidjbb bkss`s  Gi|`rc`}|gki !ow t`f`|j|gki5 frjss" }bji|s jil |r``s'

  Sprdjc` }pllb`s" snjbb jil bjrf` l`}r`ssgkis jil lg|ca`s s|krjf`

  Gidgb|rj|gki !gig|gjbbw agfa" rj}glbw l`cr`js`s jil j}}rkjca`s js|`jlw rj|`'

 @tj}krj|gki

  _jgidjbb gi|ìsg|w" vaì `qc``ls gidgb|rj|gki rj|`" rpikdd kccprs

  ]jr| kd |a` gi|`rc`}|`l vj|`r cji cki|rgop|` |k sprdjc` rpikdd gi|a` dkrn kd s|`n dbkv jil |arkpfa dbkv

  ]kils jil cajii`bs vg|a vj|`r sakv gidgb|rj|gki `tì jd|`r |a`

rjgi jil vj|`r bkss |arkpfa `tj}krj|gki jbsk kccprs

  Cajii`bs+s|r`jns r`c`gt` }jr| kd |a` gidgb|rj|`l vj|`r jsgi|`rdbkvs jil cajii`bs cji jbsk ajt` ojs` dbkvs

  _jgidjbb gs r`bj|`l vg|a rpikdd ow rpikdd ck`ddgcgì|

jbb _jH _pikd d gid ) H gs rpikdd ck`ddgcgì|



@dd`c|gt` !I`|' _jgidjbb  @dd`c|gt` rjgidjbb l`}ìls ki ok|a sg|`+cj|canì| s}`cgdgc

tjrgjob`s jil rjgidjbb kr s|krn s}`cgdgc tjrgjob`s

 Sg|` s}`cgdgc !cj|canì|' djc|krs – Skgb |w}` !|`q|pr`" s|rpc|pr` jil l`fr`` kd lgs|projic`'5 Skgb

vj|`r s|krjf` cj}jcg|w jil gidgb|rj|gki rj|`s jr` jdd`c|`l

– Skgb cj}}gif5 crps|gif+scjbgif kd |k} skgb . kccprrgif gi jrgl jils`ng.jrgl r`fgkis . skgbs vg|a agfa cbjw kr bkjn jr` nkr` }rki`

– Cj|canì| sbk}`5 S|``} sbk}`s wg`bl nkr` rpikdd jil gicr`jsgifsbk}` bìf|as l`cr`js` |a` sprdjc` rpikdd

– Cj|canì| sgu`5 rpikdd gicr`js`s vg|a l`cr`jsgif sgu` . bjrf`rsgu`s sakv snjbb`r rpikdd ck`ddgcgì|s

– t`f`|j|gki ckt`r !|w}` jil lìsg|w'5 Gi|`rc`}|s p}|k < nn rjgi.

sag`bls skgb jil jtkgls crps|gif+cj}}gif . rkk|s jil krfjigcnj||`r gicr`js`s }krksg|w . r`|jrls jil r`lpc`s sprdjc` rpikdd

– Ji|`c`lì| skgb nkgs|pr` !j| |a` kis`| kd |a` s|krn'

– F`kbkfw kd |a` vj|`rsa`l jil frkpilvj|`r b`t`bs

– Ipno`r jil `ddgcgìcw kd vj|`r ckprs`s

  S|krn s}`cgdgc tjrgjob`s !gi|ìsg|w jil lprj|gki kd |a` s|krn'



_pi kdd ck`ddgcgì| !H'

  Ik| ckis|ji| !`tì lprgif j s|krn' jil tjrgjob`

!l`t`bk}nì| jb|`rs g|s tjbp`'  H l`rgt`l dkr ki` f`k}awsgcjb bkcj|gki njw ik| o` dg| dkr ps` gi

k|a`r f`k}awsgcjb bkcj|gkis

  H kd bjrf`r vj|`rsa`ls jr` ik| ps`l gi snjbb`r vj|`rsa`ls

  _jgidjbb jil rpikdd ck`ddgcgì| jr` r`bj|`l !Ojrgifk cprt`'

– H gs u`rk p}|k c`r|jgi ngignpn |ar`sakbl rjgidjbb tjbp`

  \ar`sakbl rjgidjbb l`}ìls ki |a` }awsgcjb cajrjc|`rgs|gcs kd |a`sg|`" bgh`" t`f`|j|gki" l`}r`ssgkis" lgs|projic`s" `|c)

  Gig|gjb gidgb|rj|gki rj|`s ckpbl o` agfa`r jil jdd`c|s |a` |ar`sakblrjgidjbb jil |a` rpikdd ck`ddgcgì|

  \ar`sakbl rjgidjbb cji o` 3 |k 9:? nn !dkr skgbs vg|a agfagidgb|rj|gki cj}jcg|w'

– H gicr`js`s vg|a gicr`jsgif rjgidjbb l`}|a !bgi`jr r`bj|gkisag} kibkf.bkf }bk| kd rpikdd djc|kr jil rjgidjbb l`}|a

  Vaì lrjgijf` jr`j gitkbt`s j cknogij|gki kd ck`ddgcgì|s jv`gfa|`l jt`rjf` kd |a` rpikdd ck`ddgcgì|s nps| o` ps`l

jbb _jH _pikd d gid )



Ojrgifk cprt`





_pikdd ck`ddgcgì|s



@dd`c|gt` !I`|' _jgidjbb

Cjbcpbj|`l ow  \a` ь gil`q n`|akl

– _jgidjbb bkss`s jr` ckisgl`r`l ckis|ji||arkpfakp| |a` rjgidjbb lprj|gki

  _jgidjbb bkss`s jr` lgtgl`l gi|k

– gig|gjb bkss`s !j||rgop|`l |k gi|`rc`}|gkijil bjil sprdjc` s|krjf`'

– cki|gipgif bkss`s !ckis|ji|'

  _jgidjbb bkss`s jr` ckisgl`r`l }rk}kr|gkijb

|k |a` rjgidjbb gi|ìsg|w |arkpfakp| |a`rjgidjbb }`rgkl

  @s|gnj|gif |a` i`|+`dd`c|gt` rjgidjbb ow skgbnkgs|pr` jcckpi|gif nkl`bs

– [email protected] ps`r njipjb !A@C" ?==7' ]rk}kr|gkijb bkss`s

Gig|gjb $ cki|gipgif bkss`s

ь gil`q n`|akl

_jgidjbb _pikdd Nkl`bs



_jgidjbb . _pikdd Nkl`bs   _jgidjbb lj|j cji o` ckit`r|`l gi|k rpikdd lj|j |arkpfa psgif

rjgidjbb.rpikdd nkl`bs

  \vk j}}rkjca`s" cki|gipkps sgnpbj|gki j}}rkjca jil sgifb`

`tì| l`sgfi s|krn j}}rkjca" jr` ps`l  Cki|gipkps sgnpbj|gki j}}rkjca5

– carkikbkfgcjb r`ckrl kd rjgidjbb gs ps`l js gi}p| jil |a` nkl`bfgt`s carkikbkfgcjb r`ckrl kd rpikdd js kp|}p|

– Drkn |a` kp|}p| njqgnpn }`jh rpikdd jil |k|jb rpikdd tkbpn`dkr j s`b`c|`l l`sgfi }`rgkl jr` ko|jgi`l

– SVNN !ts) 0'" @]J jil [email protected] jr` |a` nkl`bs jtjgbjob`

  Sgifb` `tì| l`sgfi s|krn j}}rkjca

– _jgidjbb r`ckrl gs jijbwu`l |k ko|jgi rjgidjbb.r`|pri }`rgkl

r`bj|gkisag} jil l`sgfi s|krn `tì| gs glì|gdg`l drkn |a`r`bj|gkisag} dkr j l`sgfi r`|pri }`rgkl

– \a` l`sgfi s|krn `tì| gs ps`l js gi}p| gi |a` rjgidjbb.rpikdd nkl`b jil l`sgfi rpikdd !}`jh rpikdd jil+kr tkbpn`' gsko|jgi`l js kp|}p|

– _j|gkijb n`|akl !I_CS VGI\_.00' gs `qjn}b` – }r`d`rr`l dkrsnjbb proji cj|canì|s



_jgidjbb._pikdd Nkl`bs

 @dd`c|s kd `tj}k.|rjis}grj|gki" jil gi|`rjc|gki o`|v`ìjzpgd`r jil s|r`jns" jr` gfikr`l . `dd`c|s kd gi|`rc`}|gki jill`}r`ssgki s|krjf` jr` jbsk i`fb`c|`l

  Njfig|pl` kd `tj}k.|rjis}grj|gki lprgif |a` s|krn }`rgkl gsi`fbgfgob`

  _`s}kis` |gn` kd |a` sposprdjc` skgb sws|`n gs npca bkif`r|aji |a` r`s}kis` |gn` kd sprdjc` kr lgr`c| rpikdd }rkc`ss

  K|a`r n`|akls kd rpikdd `s|gnj|gkis

  P)S) F`kbkfgcjb Sprt`w !PSFS' r`fr`ssgki `zpj|gkis

 Snjbb s|krn awlrkbkfw n`|akls !vj|`r zpjbg|w |r`j|nì|tkbpn` – VZt jil vj|`r zpjbg|w cj}|pr` tkbpn` cjbcpbj|gkis'

  Bkv.gn}jc| l`t`bk}nì| !BGL' awlrkbkfgc n`|akls

  Vj|`r ojbjic` cjbcpbj|gkis



PS SCS n`|akl  Skgb Ckis`rtj|gki S`rtgc` N`|akl !Cprt` Ipno`r –CI

N`|akl'. :76? !dkr }`jh rpikdd rj|`s jil tkbpn`s'

  Ji `n}grgcjb nkl`b . Fkkl dkr snjbb vj|`rsa`ls

  \jh`s gi|k jcckpi| |a` }k|ì|gjb kd skgb |k joskro+s|kr` vj|`rkr nkgs|pr` !S' . gi|`rc`}|gki" l`}r`ssgki s|krjf` $ gidgb|rj|gki

  ]k|ì|gjb s|krjf` !S' gs r`bj|`l |k cprt` ipno`r

  @dd`c|gt` rjgidjbb gs `s|gnj|`l js

  Gj gs kd|ì `q}r`ss`l js drjc|gki !d j' kd |a` }k|ì|gjb s|krjf` ‑s‗

j|

j| |

G S ] G ]Z

?‑Z |‗ gs `dd`c|gt` rjgidjbb l`}|a gi |gn` ‑|‗

‑]|‗ gs jccpnpbj|`l l`}|a kd rjgidjbb gi |gn` ‑|‗ ‑Gj‗ gs gig|gjb jos|rjc|gki o`dkr̀ rpikdd !:=% kr ?=% kd ‑S‗'

‑S‗ gs }k|ì|gjb s|krjf` gi |a` skgb

?0<?0<==

CI

S ‑S‗ gs }k|ì|gjb s|krjf` gi |a` skgb gi nn

‑CI‗ gs Cprt` Ipno`r !rjif` drkn = |k :=='

S

G

d

j

j



Skbp|gki kd |a` I_CS rpikdd `zpj|gki



_pikdd l`}|a dkr s`b`c|`l CI‗s jil rjgidjbb jnkpi|s:

C I o



Cprt` Ipno`r  Jssgfi`l ki |a` ojsgs kd

  Skgb |w}` !awlrkbkfgc skgb frkp}s .J" .O" .C jil .L 8 _pikdd

}k|ì|gjb gicr`js`s drkn .J |k .L frkp}s'  Bjil ps`. cji o` crk} |w}`" vkkls" rkjls" `|c)

  Awlrkbkfgc ckilg|gkis . cji o` }kkr !a`jtgbw frju`l kr ajtgif20=% }bji| ckt`r'" djgr !nkl`rj|`bw frju`l kr ajtgif 60.0=%}bji| ckt`r' kr fkkl !bgfa|bw frju`l kr vg|a 960% }bji| ckt`r')

  Ji|`c`lì| nkgs|pr` ckilg|gkis !gig|gjb l`fr`` kd sj|prj|gki' .cji o` lrw skgb !G'" ikrnjb skgb !GG' jil v`| skgb !GGG'

  Bjil sbk}` jil bjil |r`j|nì| jbsk gidbpìc`s |a` CI

  Kd|ì zpk|`l js j dpic|gki kd |a` % gn}`rtgkps jr`j

–

CIgn}`rtgkps > 71 – CI}`rtgkps > CI dkr j }js|pr` gi fkkl ckilg|gki dkr tjrgkps |w}`s kd skgbs

  Tjrg`s o`|v`ì = jil :== != dkr bkv rpikdd }k|ì|gjb jil :==dkr agfa rpikdd }k|ì|gjb'

  Lgdd`rì| spojr`js kd j vj|`rsa`l cji ajt` lgdd`rì| CI – gispca cjs`s jr`j v`gfa|`l jt`rjf` kd CI gs ps`l



Cprt` Ipno`r jil Awlrkbkfgc Skgb Frkp}s  < awlrkbkfgc skgb frkp}s !ASF.J" ASF.O" ASF.C jil ASF.L' jr` glì|gdg`l

  ASF.J

– Bkv rpi kdd }k|ì|gjb jil agfa gidgb|rj|gki rj|`s – L``}" v`bb lrjgi`l sjilw+frjt`bbw skgb

– Vj|`r |rjisngssgki rj|`s5 9=)3 gica+ar)

  ASF.O – Nkl`rj|` gidgb|rj|gki+rpikdd rj|`s

– Nkl`rj|`bw l``} jil nkl`rj|`bw lrjgigif skgbs

– Nkl`rj|`bw dgi` |k nkl`rj|`bw ckjrs` skgb |`q|pr`

– Vj|`r |rjisngssgki rj|`s5 =):0 |k =)3 gica+ar)

  ASF.C – Bkv gidgb|rj|gki rj|`s jil r`bj|gt`bw agfa rpikdd rj|`s

– Skgbs gicbpl` bjw`r gn}`lgif lkvivjrl nkt`nì| kd vj|`r

– Nkl`rj|`bw dgi` |k dgi` skgb |`q|pr`

– Vj|`r |rjisngssgki rj|`s5 =)=0.=):0 gica+ar)

  ASF.L – Agfa rpikdd }k|ì|gjb jil t`rw bkv gidgb|rj|gki rj|`s

– Cbjw skgbs vg|a agfa sv`bbgif }k|ì|gjb" kr skgbs vg|a cbjw }ji kr cbjw bjw`r j| kri`jr |a` sprdjc`" kr sajbbkv skgb kt`r i`jrbw gn}`rtgkps nj|`rgjb

–

Vj|`r |rjisngssgki rj|`s5 =)= |k =)=0 gica+ar



PS SCS N`|akl dkr @dd`c|gt` !I`|' _jgidjbb

11==

??==

==??==

CI ]

CI ]

]k|a`rvgs`

]CI

]Dkr

@qc`ss

@qc`ss

] gs }r`cg}g|j|gki+rjgidjbb

]`qc`ss gs }r`cg}g|j|gki+rjgidjbb `qc`ss

CI gs cprt` ipno`r

@qc`ss !I`|' rjgidjbb gs ko|jgi`l drkn }r`cg}g|j|gki

GG CI

GG CI GGG CI

GG CI

GG CI G CI

:3)=:=

3)?

=01)=:=

?)<

Ji|`c`lì| Nkgs|pr`+_pikdd Ckilg|gkis !JNC+J_C'

JNC.G5 lrw skgb vg|a bkv cprt` Ipno`r Tjbp`JNC.GG5 ikrnjb skgb vg|a nkl`rj|̀ Cprt` Ipno`r tjbp`

JNC.GGG5 v`| skgb vg|a agfa Cprt` Ipno`r tjbp`

Cprt` Ipno`r tjbp`s jr` pspjbbw jtjgbjob` dkr JNC.GG

ckilg|gkis jil ckrr`c|`l |k JNC.G kr JNC.GG js r`zpgr`l ow

`



I

_ C S r p i k d d C I d

k r s ` b ` c | ` l

c p b

| g t j | ` l

j f r g c p b | p r j b b j i l

p s `

I_CS rpikdd CI dkr k|a`r jfrgcpb|prjb bjil ps`:



f

s `



I _

C S r p i k d d c p r t

` i p n o ` r s ! C I

' d k r s ` b ` c | ` l p

r o j i b j i l p

Projiguj|gki jdd̀ c|s |a` CI

|arkpfa skgb ckn}jc|gki |k

lgdd`rì| b`t`bs jil |arkpfafrjlgif kd skgb gitkbtgif

ngqgif kd sprdjc` jil spo.

sprdjc` skgbs



Ckn}p|gif CI dkr l`t`bk}`l proji jr`js

  CI tjbp`s jtjgbjob` dkr proji jr`js jr` pspjbbw dkr

– Dgq`l }`rcì| kd gn}`rtgkps jr`j !?0%*' jil |a` gn}`rtgkpsjr`js jr` jsspn`l js lgr`c|bw ckii`c|`l |k |a` lrjgijf` sws|`n

– ]`rtgkps proji jr`js jr` |jhì js `zpgtjbì| |k }js|pr`s gi fkklawlrkbkfgc ckilg|gki

Gd |a` }`rcì| gn}`rtgkps jr`j gs lgdd`rì|" |aì |a` cprt` ipno`rsakpbl o` ckrr`c|`l –iknkfrj}as jr` jtjgbjob` dkr |a`ckrr`c|gki)

  Ji gn}`rtgkps jr`j gs ckisgl`r`l js lgr`c|bw ckii`c|`l

– Gd g|s rpikdd dbkvs lgr`c|bw gi|k |a` lrjgijf` sws|`n kr

– Gd g| dbkvs js ckicì|rj|`l sajbbkv dbkv ki|k }`rtgkps jr`js jil|aì |k |a` lrjgijf` sws|`n

Gd gilgr`c|bw ckii`c|`l gn}`rtgkps jr`js `qgs|" |aì jbsk |a` CIsakpbl o` ckrr`c|`l – iknkfrj}as jr` jtjgbjob` dkr |a`ckrr`c|gki



Ckn}ksg|` CI vg|a ckii`c|`l gn}`rtgkps jr`js



Ckn}ksg|` CI vg|a pickii`c|`l gn}`rtgkps jr`js

!|k|jb gn}`rtgkps jr`j b`ss |aji 3=%'



Cprt` Ipno`r

  Cprt` Ipno`r gs |a` dpic|gki kd

– _pikdd ck`ddgcgì| !C' – \k|jb rjgidjbb l`}|a !]|'

– Gi|gjb jos|rjc|gki rj|gk !d j>Gj+S'

  \a` r`bj|gkisag} cji o` sakvi js

 \a` I_CS rpikdd `zpj|gki !CI n`|akl kr PS SCS rpikdd `zpj|gki' gs cknogi`l vg|a pig| awlrkfrj}a |a`krw dkr |a`ckn}p|j|gki kd }`jh dbkv rj|`s jil tkbpn`s

  \a` rpi kdd `zpj|gki fgt`s |a` rpikdd l`}|a jil dkr bkv`rrjgidjbbs jil+kr snjbb`r CI tjbp`s |a` rpikdd l`}|a gs u`rk

?

:

??

:

:

<::

?

:::=

:===

C d

d C

d

d

d ]

CI

j

j

j

j

j

|

\gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki !| '



\gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki !|c'  \gn` r`zpgr`l dkr |a` ì|gr` vj|`rsa`l |k cki|rgop|` |k rpikdd

j| |a` }kgi| kd gi|`r`s| dkr awlrjpbgc l`sgfi

  |gn` |jhì dkr |a` nks| awlrjpbgcjbbw r`nk|` }kgi| kd |a`lrjgijf` jr`j |k cki|rgop|` s|krn vj|`r |k |a` kp|b`|

  |c gs j ckic`}| " ik| ji koe`c| vg|a }awsgcjb }rk}`r|g`s

  S|krn+ rjgidjbb gi|ìsg|w l`cr`js`s vg|a gicr`jsgif s|krnlprj|gki !pspjbbw |jhì js |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki" |c'

  Projiguj|gki l`cr`js`s |c jil gicr`js`s }`jh lgscajrf`

  |c gs ps`l |k s`b`c| |a` rjgidjbb gi|ìsg|w gi rj|gkijb n`|akl ps`

  |c kd := |k 3== ngip|`s gs jcc`}|job` dkr j}}bgcj|gki gi |a`rj|gkijb n`|akl . dkr |c 2:= ngi) |a` `s|gnj|`l rjgidjbb gi|ìsg|w

gs pijcc`}|jobw agfa" jil dkr |c 93== |a` jsspn}|gki kd s|`jlwrjgidjbb gs b`ss tjbgl

\g d | |g !| '



\gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki !|c'

  Djc|krs jdd`c|gif |a` |c

– ]kilgif" sprdjc` rkpfai`ss jil cj|canì| sbk}` – dkr}kils+bjh`s jil r`s`rtkgrs |c gs |jhì js u`rk

– Drjc|gki kd gn}`rtgkps jr`j jil drjc|gki kd jr`j lgr`c|bwckii`c|`l |k dbkv

– Dbkv }j|a bìf|a !bìf|a kd |a` }rgicg}jb cajii`b drkn kp|b`| |klgtglgif bgi`'" cajii`b sbk}`" cajii`b saj}` jil dbkv }j||`ri

  N`|akls kd `s|gnj|gki kd \c

  Hgi`nj|gc vjt` n`|akl

  Hgr}gca jil H`row n`|akls jil H`row.Hgr}gca n`|akl

  I_CS !Ij|gkijb _`skprc`s Ckis`rtj|gki S`rtgc`' bjf n`|akl

jil I_CS |rjt`b |gn` n`|akl  Ok|a I_CS jil H`row.Hgr}gca n`|akls `s|gnj|` |c js |a` spn kd

|rjt`b |gn`s dkr lgscr`|` dbkv r`fgn`s)

  S|krnvj|`r gs ckisgl`r`l |k nkt` dgrs| js sa``| dbkv" |aì jssajbbkv ckicì|rj|`l dbkv jil dgijbbw js k}ì cajii`b dbkv

 |c gs |jhì js spn kd |rjt`b |gn` kd jbb |a` |ar`` |w}`s kd dbkvs

d d



@s|gnj|gki kd |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki

Nkrfjbg jil Bgs`bw n`|akl

Ps`l dkr }bjijr snjbb proji jr`js kd lrjgijf` jr`j 2:=.?= jcr`s

3)=<)=

4)=)7<)=

S g

Bi| c

g gs gi|ìsg|w kd rjgidjbb !gica+ar'

i gs Njiigifs sprdjc` rkpfai`ss djc|kr

B gs bìf|a kd dbkv !d|'

S gs sbk}` jil |c gs |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki

\gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki cjbcpbj|gki gitkbt`s g|`rj|gki va`r`girjgidjbb gi|ìsg|w gs ko|jgi`l drkn GLD cprt`s

`c l |

o G

o" l jil ` jr` f`kfrj}agcjb sg|` s}`cgdgc }jrjn`|`rs

Tjbp`s kd |a`s` tjrw vg|a |a` r`|pri gi|`rtjb gi w`jrs

G gs s|krn gi|ìsg|w jil |c !ngi)' gs |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki

Dkr j fgtì f`kfrj}agcjb bkcj|gki" s|krn gi|ìsg|w" lprj|gki jildr`zpìcw jr` r`bj|`l !sakvi ow GLD cprt`s vagca jr` ps`l dkrdgilgif kp| gi|ìsg|w dkr j fgtì lprj|gki rjgi'

S|krn+ rjgidjbb gi|ìsg|w l`cr`js`s vg|a gicr`jsgif s|krnlprj|gki !pspjbbw |jhì js |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki" |c'





@s|gnj|gki kd |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gkiH`row.Aj|a`vjw n`|aklPs`l dkr snjbb vj|`rsa`ls vg|a kt`rbjil dbkv }r`lkngijic`

I gs H`row rkpfai`ss djc|kr !=)=?.=)1'

<46)=

46)=

S

IB

| c

?30)=<46)= S BI H | kbd

H gs pig|s ckit`rsgki ck`ddgcgì| !:)<< dkr SG pig|s'

B gs kt`rbjil dbkv bìf|a gi n`|`rs !2344'

I gs lgnìsgkib`ss r`|jrljic` ck`ddgcgì|

S gs sbk}`

\a` H`row n`|akl dkr |c

Ps`dpb dkr snjbb`r vj|`rsa`ls vg|a kt`rbjil dbkv }r`lkngijic`



@s|gnj|gki kd |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki

Hgr}gca n`|akl !:7<='Ps`l dkr 2?== jcr`s sgu` ojsgis vg|a cajii`b dbkv }r`lkngij|gki

B gs bìf|a kd |a` njgi cajii`b !d|'

a gs r`bg`d jbkif |a` njgi cajii`b !d|'

310)=3

==61)=

a

B| c

<6)=

3

?

S

iB

| c

|c gs |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki !ngi)'

B gs dbkv }j|a bìf|a !d|)'

S gs n`ji sbk}` kd |a` ojsgii gs Njiigif‗s rkpfai`ss ck`ddgcgì|

!|jhì js =)=? dkr snkk|a sprdjc` $ =)1 dkr frjss

kt`rbjil'

Aj|a`vjw dkrnpbj



Fì`rjbgu`l |`rrjgi l`scrg}|gki

Lgnìsgkib`ss r`|jrljic`

ck`ddgcgì| !I'

]jt`nì| =)=?

Snkk|a" ojr`" }jch`l skgb =):=

]kkr frjss" cpb|gtj|`l rkv crk}s" kr

nkl`rj|`bw rkpfa }jch`l sprdjc`s=)?=

]js|pr`" jt`rjf` frjss =)<=

L`cglpkps dkr`s| =)4=

Lìs` frjss" ckigd`rkps dkr`s|" kr

l`cglpkps dkr`s| vg|a l``} bg||`r=)1=

\a` H`row n`|akl dkr |c

@ |g |g d |g d | |g !| '



@s|gnj|gki kd |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki !|c'

Hgr}gca n`|akl5 Ps`l dkr cajii`b dbkv ckn}kiì|

310)=66)= S HB| ca

H5 pig|s ckit`rsgki ck`ddgcgì| !=)=:70 dkr SG pig|s'

|ca gs gi ngip|`s

B gs cajii`b bìf|a gi n`|`rs

S gs sbk}`

cakbd c | | |

\a` H`row.Hgr}gca n`|akl5 J}}bgcjob` |k vj|`rsa`ls kd =)?0

|k :0= szpjr` ngb` jr`j" njgi cajii`b bìf|as kd : |k 0= ngb`sjil njgi cajii`b sbk}`s kd =)==? |k =)=?

Njgi cajii`b sbk}`5 Cajif` gi `b`tj|gki drkn vj|`rsa`l lgtgl`|k vj|`rsa`l kp|b`| lgtgl`l ow |a` cajii`bs cprtg.bìg`r bìf|a

Jlakc n`|akl dkr |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki

jr`jlrjgijf`| c |c gs gi akprs jil

lrjgijf` jr`j gs gi szpjr` ngb`s

|ca gs gi ngip|`s js }`r Hgr}gca n`|akl

|kbd gs gi gi ngip|`s js }`r H`row n`|akl



I_CS \rjt`b |gn` n`|akl dkr |c

<)=0)=

?

1)=

+

==6)=

sa

sakbd kbd sa

S ]

Bi|

|sa+kbd dkr sa``|+kt`rbjil dbkv !Kt`r|ki jil N`jlkvs" :766'‑ikbd ‗ gs I_CS rkpfai`ss }jrjn`|`r

]? gs ?.w`jr ?< akpr rjgidjbb l`}|a !gica`s'

Bsa gs bìf|a sa``| dbkv gi d``| !23== d||w}gcjbbw 2:== d|''

Ssa gs sa``| dbkv sbk}`

casckbd sac | | | | +

:) Sa``| dbkv !kt`rbjil dbkv' – |sa+kbd

?) Sajbbkv ckicì|rj|̀ l dbkv . |sc

3) Cajii`b dbkv |rjt`b |gn` . |ca

|c gs ckisgl`r`l |k gicbpl` 3 ckn}kiì|s

Njiigif‗s rkpfai`ss ck`ddgcgì| gs gidbpìc`l ow j' _jgilrk}o' a b d ' o b !b



gn}jc|" o' Lrjf kt`r |a` }bji sprdjc`" c' Kos|jcb`s !bg||`r" t`f`|j|gki"crk} rglf`s" rkchs" `|c)' vg|agi 3 cn jil l' @rksgki jil|rjis}kr|j|gki kd s`lgnì|

Jsspn}|gkis njl` a`r` gicbpl` j' Sajbbkv" s|`jlw" pigdkrn dbkv8o' ?< ar) rjgidjbb jil ckis|ji| gi|ìsg|w kd `dd`c|gt`+i`| rjgidjbb8 c'Ngikr `dd`c| kd gidgb|rj|gki ki |rjt`b |gn`

Sprdjc` l`scrg}|gki ikb

Snkk|a sprdjc`s !ckicr`|`" js}ajb|" frjt`b" kr ojr` skgb' =)=::

Djbbkv !ik r`sglp`' =)=0

Cpb|gtj|`l skgbs5 _`sglp` % =)=4

_`sglp` ckt`r 9 ?=% =):6

Frjss5 Sakr| frjss }rjgrg` =):0

Lìs` frjss`s =)?<O`rnplj =)<:

_jif` !ij|prjb'5 =):3

Vkkls5 Bgfa| pil`rorpsa =)<=

Lìs` pil`rorpsa =)1=



Cajii`b dbkv |rjt`b |gn` !|ca'5 `s|gnj|gki gs sgngbjr |k |sc

ca

ca

ca

cacaca

T

B|

S _i

T

4=

<7):?

:3

? _ gs awlrjpbgc rjlgps

Tca gs gi d``| }`r s`c)

Bca gs bìf|a kd |a` cajii`b gi d``|

|ca

gs gi ngip|`s

|sc dkr sajbbkv ckicì|rj|`l dbkv5 Dbkv t`bkcg|w !Tsc' gs`s|gnj|`l ow Njiigifs `zpj|gki jil ps`l gi |a` |sc `s|gnj|gki

sc

sc

sc

scscsc

T

B|

S _i

T

4=

<7):?

:3

?

‑_‗ jil ‑i‗ jr` |jhì js

=)< d``| jil =)=0 dkr pi}jt`l sprdjc`s

=)? d``| jil =)=?0 dkr }jt`l sprdjc`s

T gs gi d``| }`r s`c)B gs sajbbkv ckicì|rj|`l dbkv bìf|a gi d``|

|sc gs gi ngip|`s

Ssc gs sbk}`

I_CS \rjt`b |gn` n`|akl dkr |c



Njiigif‗s _kpfai`ss Ck`ddgcgì|s dkr K}ì Cajii`bs

\ d a b N g ‗

?) Dbkkl}bjgis

] o a a = =?0 = =30



\w}` kd cajii`b Njiigif‗s i

J) Ij|prjb s|r`jns

:) Ngikr s|r`jns !|k} vgl|a j| dbkkl s|jf` 2 :== d|'

j) Cb`ji" s|rjgfa|" dpbb" ik rgd|s kr l``}

}kkbs

=)=?0.=)=33

o) Sjn` js j" op| nkr` s|ki`s jil

v``ls=)=3=.=)=<=

c) Cb`ji" vgilgif" skn` }kkbs jil

sakjbs=)=33.=)=<0

l) Sjn` js c" op| skn` v``ls jil

s|ki`s

=)=30.=)=0=

`) Sjn` js l" bkv`r s|jf`s" nkr`

gi`dd`c|gt`=)=<=.=)=00

d) Sjn` js l" nkr` s|ki`s =)=<0.=)=4=

f) Sbpffgsa r`jca`s" v``lw" l``} }kkbs =)=0=.=)=1=

a) T`rw v``lw" a`jtw s|jil kd |gno`r

jil pil`rorpsa=)=60.=):0=

g) Nkpi|jgi s|r`jns vg|a frjt`b jil

ckoob`s" d`v okpbl`rs ki ok||kn=)=3=.=)=0=

e) Nkpi|jgi s|r`jns vg|a ckoob`s jil

bjrf` okpbl`rs ki ok||kn=)=<=.=)=6=

j) ]js|pr`" ik orpsa" sakr| frjss =)=?0.=)=30

o) ]js|pr`" ik orpsa" agfa frjss =)=3=.=)=0=

c) Cpb|gtj|`l jr`js" ik crk} =)=?=.=)=<=

l) Cpb|gtj|`l jr`js" nj|pr` rkv crk}s =)=?0.=)=<0

`) Cpb|gtj|`l jr`js" nj|pr` dg`bl crk}s =)=3=.=)=0=

d) Scj||`r`l orpsa" a`jtw v``ls =)=30.=)=6=

f) Bgfa| orpsa jil |r``s gi vgi|`r =)=30.=)=4=

a) Bgfa| orpsa jil |r``s gi spnn`r =)=<=.=)=1=

g) N`lgpn |k lìs` orpsa gi vgi|`r =)=<0.=)::=

) N`lgpn |k lìs` orpsa gi spnn`r =)=6=.=):4= h) \r``s" lìs` vgbbkvs spnn`r"

s|rjgfa|=)::=.=)?==

b) \r``s" cb`jr`l bjil vg|a |r`` s|pn}s"

ik s}rkp|s=)=3=.=)=0=

n) \r``s" cb`jr`l bjil vg|a |r``

s|pn}s" vg|a s}rkp|s =)=0=.=)=1=

i) \r``s" a`jtw s|jil kd |gno`r" d`v

lkvi |r``s" dbkkl s|jf` o`bkv orjica`s=)=1=.=):?=

k) \r``s" a`jtw s|jil kd |gno`r" d`v

lkvi |r``s" dbkkl s|jf` r`jcagif

orjica`s

=):==.=):4=

3) Lrjfbgi`.`qcjtj|`l kr lr`lf`l



j) Ik t`f`|j|gki =)=?0.=)=33

o) Bgfa| orpsa ki ojihs =)=30.=)=4=

<) _kch cp|s

j) Snkk|a jil pigdkrn =)=?0.=)=<=

o) Ejff`l jil grr`fpbjr =)=30.=)=0= 0) Pinjgi|jgi`l cajii`bs

j) Lìs` v``ls" agfa js dbkv l`}|a =)=0=.=):?=

o) Cb`ji ok||kn" orpsa ki sgl`s =)=<=.=)=1=

c) Cb`ji ok||kn" orpsa ki sgl`s"

agfa`s| s|jf`=)=<0.=)::=

l) Lìs` orpsa" agfa s|jf` =)=1=.=):<= C) Bgi`l cajii`bs

:) Js}ajb| =)=:3.=)=:4

?) Orgch !gi c`nì| nkr|jr' =)=:?.=)=:1

3) Ckicr`|`

j) \rkv`b dgigsa =)=::.=)=:0

o) Dbkj| dgigsa =)=:3.=)=:4 c) Pidgigsa`l =)=:<.=)=?=

l) Fpig|`" r`fpbjr =)=:4.=)=?3

`) Fpig|`" vjtw =)=:1.=)=?0

<) _g}rj} !i l`}ìls ki rkch sgu`' =)=?=.=)=30

0) T`f`|jb bgigif =)=3=.=)0==

3) Njekr s|r`jns !|k} vgl|a j| dbkkl s|jf` 9 :== d|'

j) _`fpbjr s`c|gki vg|a ik okpbl`rs kr

orpsa=)=?0.=)=4=

o) Grr`fpbjr rkpfa s`c|gki =)=30.=):==

O) @qcjtj|`l kr lr`lf`l cajii`bs:) @jr|a" s|rjgfa| jil pigdkrn

j) Cb`ji" r`cì|bw ckn}b`|`l =)=:4.=)=?=

o) Cb`ji" jd|`r v`j|a`rgif =)=:1.=)=?0

c) Frjt`b" pigdkrn s`c|gki" cb`ji =)=??.=)=3=

l) Vg|a sakr| frjss" d`v v``ls =)=??.=)=33

?) @jr|a" vgilgif jil sbpffgsaj) Ik t`f`|j|gki =)=?3.=)=3=

o) Frjss" skn` v``ls =)=?0.=)=33

c) L``} v``ls kr jzpj|gc }bji|s gi

l``} cajii`bs=)=3=.=)=<=

l) @jr|a ok||kn jil rpoob` sgl`s =)=?1.=)=30

`) S|kiw ok||kn jil v``lw ojihs =)=?0.=)=<= d) Ckoob` ok||kn jil cb`ji sgl`s =)=3=.=)=0=

f) Vgilgif" sbpffgsa" s|kiw ok||kn"

v``lw ojihs=)=?0.=)=<=

a) Lìs` v``ls js agfa js dbkv l`}|a =)=0=.=):?=

Njiigif‗s Ck`ddgcgì|s dkr S|r``|s jil Fp||`rs

\w}` kd fp||`r kr }jt`nì| Nji i

Njiigif‗s _kpfai`ss Ck`ddgcgì|s dkr Cbks`l Ckilpg|s!JSC@ :71? DAVJ ?==:'



\w}` kd fp||`r kr }jt`nì| Nji) i

Ckicr`|` fp||`r" |rkv`b`l dgigsa =)=:?

Js}ajb| }jt`nì|5 snkk|a |`q|pr` =)=:3

Js}ajb| }jt`nì|5 rkpfa |`q|pr` =)=:4

Ckicr`|` fp||`r vg|a js}ajb|}jt`nì|5 snkk|a |`q|pr`

=)=:3

Ckicr`|` fp||`r vg|a js}ajb|}jt`nì|5 rkpfa |`q|pr`

=)=:0

Ckicr`|` }jt`nì|5 dbkj| dgigsa =)=:<

Ckicr`|` }jt`nì|5 orkkn dgigsa =)=:4

Dkr fp||`rs vg|a snjbb sbk}` kr va`r` s`lgnì|njw jccpnpbj|`" gicr`js` i tjbp`s ow =)=?!PSLK\" DAVJ ?==:')

!JSC@ :71?" DAVJ ?==:'

Ckrrpfj|`l.n`|jb }g}` .. !?.:+? gi) q :+? gi)ckrrpfj|gkis'

]bjgi =)=??.=)=?4

]jt`l git`r| =)=:1.=)=??

S}pi js}ajb| bgi`l =)=::.=)=:0 ]bjs|gc }g}` !snkk|a' =)=::.=)=:0

Ckrrpfj|`l.n`|jb }g}` !?.?+3 gi) ow :+? gi)jiipbjr'

=)=??.=)=?6

Ckrrpfj|`l.n`|jb }g}` !?.?+3 gi) ow :+? gi)a`bgcjb'

=)=::.=)=?3

Ckrrpfj|`l.n`|jb }g}` !4 gi) ow : gi) a`bgcjb' =)=??.=)=?0

Ckrrpfj|`l.n`|jb }g}` !0 gi) ow : gi) a`bgcjb' =)=?0 – =)=?4 Ckrrpfj|`l.n`|jb }g}` !3 gi) ow : gi) a`bgcjb' =)=?6 – =)=?1

Ckrrpfj|`l.n`|jb }g}` !4 gi) ow ? gi) s|rpc|prjb}bj|`'

=)=33 – =)=30

Ckrrpfj|`l.n`|jb }g}` !7 gi) ow ?.:+? gi)s|rpc|prjb }bj|`'

=)=33 – =)=36

Ckrrpfj|`l }kbw`|awbì` =)=:= – =)=:3

Snkk|a =)==7.=)=:0 Ckrrpfj|`l =)=:1 – =)=?0

S}grjb rgo n`|jb }g}` !snkk|a' =)=:?.=)=:3

Tg|rgdg`l cbjw ]g}`s =)=::.=)=:0

Tg|rgdg`l cbjw Bgi`r }bj|`s =)=:3.=)=:6

]kbwtgiwb cabkrgl` !]TC' !snkk|a' =)==7.=)=::

ik|`5 Njiigif i dkr ckrrpfj|`l }g}`s gs dpic|gki kd ckrrpfj|gkisgu`" }g}` sgu`" jil va`|a`r ckrrpfj|gkis jr` jiipbjr kr a`bgcjb

Nj|`rgjb Njiigif‗s i

Jso`s|ks.c`nì| }g}` =)=::.=)=:0

Orgch =)=:3.=)=:6 Cjs| grki }g}`

C`nì|.bgi`l $ s`jb ckj|`l =)=::.=)=:0

Ckicr`|` !nkikbg|agc'

Snkk|a dkrns =)=:?.=)=:<

_kpfa dkrns =)=:0.=)=:6

Ckicr`|` }g}` =)=::.=)=:0

Okq !snkk|a' =)=:?.=)=:0

Ps` kd Njiigif `zpj|gki dkr dbkv t`bkcg|w i``ls cajii`b



H Bjil Ps` + Dbkv _`fgn`

=)?0 Dkr`s| vg|a a`jtw frkpil bg||`r" ajw n`jlkv !kt`rbjil dbkv'

=)0 \rjsa djbbkv kr ngignpn |gbbjf` cpb|gtj|gki8 cki|kpr kr s|rg}crk}}`l8 vkklbjil !kt`rbjil dbkv'

=)6 Sakr| frjss }js|pr` !kt`rbjil dbkv'

=)7 Cpb|gtj|`l s|rjgfa| rkv !kt`rbjil dbkv'

:)= I`jrbw ojr` jil pi|gbb`l !kt`rbjil dbkv'8 jbbptgjb djis giv`s|`ri nkpi|jgi r`fgkis

:)0 Frjss`l vj|`rvjw

?)= ]jt`l jr`j !sa``| dbkv'8 snjbb p}bjil fpbbg`s

Ck`ddgcgì|s kd t`bkcg|w !d}s' t`rsps sbk}` !%' r`bj|gkisag}!NcCpì :7178 SCS :76?'

f z w}jrjn`|`rs vagca jr` pspjbbw ik| jtjgbjob`

Jijb|`rij|gt` dkr spca sg|pj|gkis gs T> H S:+?

H gs j ck`ddgcgì| ojs`l ki dbkv |w}` jil g|s tjbp`s dkr s`t`rjb

dbkv sg|pj|gkis jr` fgtì ow NcCpì !:717' jil SCS !:76?'

Ck`ddgcgì|s kd t`bkcg|w !d}s' t`rsps sbk}` !%' r`bj|gkisag}

!Skrr`bb jil Ajngb|ki :77:'



Dbkv \w}` H

Snjbb \rgop|jrw . ]`rnjiì| kr gi|`rng||ì| s|r`jns vagca j}}`jr

js skbgl kr ljsa`l obp` bgi`s ki PSFS |k}kfrj}agc nj}s)

?):

Vj|`rvjw . Jiw kt`rbjil dbkv rkp|` vagca gs j v`bb l`dgi`l svjbòw `b`tj|gki cki|kprs" op| gs ik| j s|r`jn s`c|gki js l`dgi`l jokt`)

:)?

Sa``| Dbkv . Jiw k|a`r kt`rbjil dbkv }j|a vagca lk`s ik|ckidkrn |k |a` l`dgig|gki kd j vj|`rvjw)

=)<1

!Skrr`bb jil Ajngb|ki :77:'

I_CS b a l d \



I_CS bjf n`|akl dkr \c

\c gs `s|gnj|`l ow |a` dkbbkvgif `zpj|gki

Bjf |gn` !|b'5 \gn` o`|v`ì |a` cì|`r kd njss kd |a` rjgidjbb`tì| !aw`|kfrj}a' jil |aj| kd lgr`c| rpikdd !awlrkfrj}a'‑|b‑ gs v`gfa|`l |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki dkr `jca s`fnì| kd |a`

lrjgijf` jr`j

L`}ìls ki jr`j" bìf|a jil sbk}` bgh` }awsgcjb }rk}`r|g`s kd |a`vj|`rsa`l

_prjb jil spoproji jr`js ajt` |a` }k|ì|gjb |k r`|jgi rjgidjbb ki|a` lrjgijf` jr`j jil |ags }k|ì|gjb gicr`js`s vg|a |a` gicr`js`kd |a` |gn` kd |rjt`b

:=:===

:7==

:

4)=

0)=

6)=1)=

CI S

W

S B\

\

\

b

b

c\b gs |a` ojsgi+vj|`rsa`l bjf |gn` gs akprs

B gs awlrjpbgc bìf|a kd |a` vj|`rsa`l !d``|'

CI gs I_CS cprt` ipno`r

W gs jt`rjf` vj|`rsa`l sbk}` !%'

I_CS bjf n`|akl dkr \



I_CS bjf n`|akl dkr \c Awlrjpbgc Bìf|a kd |a` Vj|`rsa`l !B'5  Bìf|a drkn |a` }kgi| kd l`sgfi jbkif |a` njgi cajii`b |k |a` rglf`

bgi` j| |a` p}}`r ìl kd |a` vj|`rsa`l  Vaì |a` njgi cajii`b gs dkrn`l drkn |a` cknogigif kd |vk

cajii`bs" |a` lrjgi |aj| ajs fr`j|`r |rgop|jrw lrjgijf` jr`j gs |jhìjs |a` njgi lrjgi

Jt`rjf` Vj|`rsa`l Sbk}` !W'5

N`|akls dkr `s|gnj|gif |a` jt`rjf` vj|`rsa`l sbk}`  Lgtgl` |a` vj|`rsa`l gi|k lgdd`rì| sbk}` jr`js jil dgil |a`r` jr`j

drjc|gkis – S`b`c| r`}r`sì|j|gt` bkcj|gki dkr `jca kd |a` sbk}` jr`js jil dgil

sbk}` gi }`rcì|

– Npb|g}bw sbk}` vg|a |a` drjc|gkijb jr`j dkr `jca kd |a` sbk}` jr`js jilspn |a` r`spb|ji| |k ko|jgi v`gfa|`l jt`rjf` vj|`rsa`l sbk}`

  Lgtgl` |a` vj|`rsa`l gi|k szpjr` frgls jil j| |a` gi|`rs`c|gkis kd |a` frgls n`jspr` |a` sbk}` }`r}ìlgcpbjr |k |a` cki|kprs – \jh` n`ji sbk}` kd jbb |a` gi|`rs`c|gkis js |a` v`gfa|`l jt`rjf`

vj|`rsa`l sbk}`

I_CS bjf n`|akl dkr \c



CS jf `| kl k c

Cprt` ipno`r n`|akl dkr dgil ojsgi+vj|`rsa`l bjf |gn` !ars'  Iknkfrj}as r`bj|gif awlrjpbgc bìf|a kd |a` vj|`rsa`l !B' vg|a |a`

vj|`rsa`l+ojsgi bjf |gn` !|b' |arkpfa I_CS cprt` ipno`r jilv`gfa|`l jt`rjf` vj|`rsa`l sbk}` cji o` ps`l

  Lrjv j t`r|gcjb drkn |a` awlrjpbgc bìf|a kd |a` vj|`rsa`l |k |a`v`gfa|`l jt`rjf` vj|`rsa`l sbk}` cprt` – Lrjv akrguki|jb drkn |a` }kgi| kd gi|`rs`c|gki |k |a` I_CS Cprt`

Ipno`r

– Lrjv t`r|gcjb drkn |a` }kgi| kd gi|`rs`c|gki ki |a` I_CS cprt` |k |a`vj|`rsa`l bjf |gn` jqgs dkr r`jlgif |a` vj|`rsa`l+ojsgi bjf |gn`

  Ojsgi bjf r`zpgr`s ckrr`c|gki ow j djc|kr ko|jgi`l drkn jiknkfrj}a gd |a` njgi cajii`b gs gn}rkt`l – \a` ckrr`c|gki djc|kr gs r`jl dkr |a` % bìf|a kd |a` cajii`b nklgdg`l

|arkpfa I_CS Cprt` Ipno`r bgi`

– Ojsgi bjf l`cr`js`s vg|a |a` cajii`b nklgdgcj|gki

  Ojsgi bjf r`zpgr`s ckrr`c|gki ow j djc|kr ko|jgi`l drkn jiknkfrj}a gd gn}`rtgkps jr`js kccpr gi |a` vj|`rsa`l – \a` ckrr`c|gki djc|kr gs r`jl dkr |a` % gn}`rtgkps jr`j kd |a`

vj|`rsa`l |arkpfa |a` I_CS Cprt` Ipno`r bgi`

–Ojsgi bjf l`cr`js`s vg|a |a` gn}`rtgkps jr`js gi |a` vj|`rsa`l







_j|gkijb n`|akl dkr }`jh rpikdd rj|`

J G C Z

J G C Z

U

J G C Z

?61)=

Z gs }`jh lgscajrf` drkn |a` ojsgi !n3+s`c)'

C gs ck`ddgcgì| kd rpi kdd

G gs gi|ìsg|w kd rjgidjbb dkr j s|krn kd fgtì dr`zpìcw jillprj|gki `zpjb |k |c !nn+akpr'

J gs jr`j kd |a` ojsgi !hn?'

U gs ckit`rsgki djc|kr vg|a tjbp` : dkr J gi jcr`s" G gi gica`s+ar)jil Z gi cpogc d``| }`r s`ckil

]`jh lgscajrf` drkn |a` lrjgijf` ojsgi kr cj|canì| gs

`s|gnj|`l ow



_jgidjbb gi|ìsg|w !G'5

Gi|ìsg|w kd rjgidjbb gs ko|jgi`l drkn |a` bkif |`rn rjgidjbb

lj|j jijbwsgs\a` gi|ìsg|w ckrr`s}kilgif |k |a` |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki dkr

j fgtì r`|pri }`rgkl gs ckisgl`r`l

Nklgdg`l rj|gkijb n`|akl ps`s tkbpn` kr l`}|a kd rjgidjbbgi }bjc` kd gi|ìsg|w kd rjgidjbb

Fkkl dkr snjbb dr`zpì| s|krnsDkpil drkn |a` dkbbkvgif gi}p|s

  Jiipjb `qc`lìc` }rkojogbg|w !J@]' kr r`|pri }`rgkl

  \gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki dkr |a` lrjgijf` ojsgi gi zp`s|gki

  L`}|a – Lprj|gki – Dr`zpìcw !LLD' cprt`s+|job`s krGi|ìsg|w – Lprj|gki – Dr`zpìcw !GLD' cprt`s+|job`s

Dkr gi|ìsg|w" l`}|a kd rjgidjbb gs lgtgl`l ow |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki



GLD cprt`s



GLD cprt`sJijbwsgs kd njss cprt` kd j rjgidjbb jil l`t`bk}nì| kd

njqgnpn gi|ìsg|w.lprj|gki r`bj|gkisag}

  S`b`c| j ckitìgì| |gn` s|`} !Μ|' jil lgtgl` |a` s|krn gi|kI |gn` s|`}s !L>I) Μ|'

  Drkn |a` njss cprt` dkr `jca kd |a` |gn` s|`} r`ckrl l`}|akd rjgidjbb jil gi|ìsg|w kd rjgidjbb

  Glì|gdw |a` njqgnpn rjgidjbb l`}|a+gi|ìsg|w

  _`}`j| |a` `q`rcgs` dkr lgdd`rì| |gn` s|`}s !sjw dkr 0 ngi":= ngi" :0 ngi" 3= ngi" <0 ngi" 4= ngi" jil sk ki' jilglì|gdw |a` njqgnpn rjgidjbb l`}|a+gi|ìsg|w

  ]bk| j frj}a o`|v`ì njqgpn rjgidjbb l`}|a+gi|ìsg|w jil

|gn` s|`}s !lprj|gki kd rjgidjbb' |k ko|jgi NLL+NGL cprt`  Dg| |a` gi|ìsg|w.lprj|gki lj|j ow jiw kd |a` dkbbkvgif |vk

`q}r`ssgkis jil dgil ‑j" o jil c‗ kr ‑j jil i‗ }jrjn`|`rs

inon|

j G kr

j|

c G

GLD cprt`s



Jijbwsgs kd njss cprt` kd j rjgidjbb jil l`t`bk}nì| kd njqgnpn gi|ìsg|w.lprj|gki.dr`zpìcw r`bj|gkisag}

_jgidjbb lj|j drkn j s`bd.r`ckrlgif rjgifjpf` jtjgbjob` dkr j bkif}`rgkl gs ps`lDkr `jca kd |a` I w`jrs N ipno`r kd sgfigdgcji| jil a`jtw rjgidjbb

`tì|s jr` s`b`c|`l dkr jijbwsgs

\a` rjgidjbb `tì|s kd `jca kd |a` w`jr jr` jijbwu`l |k ko|jginjqgnpn gi|ìsg|w.lprj|gki r`bj|gkisag}

\ags gs r`}`j|`l dkr jbb |a` I w`jrs |k ko|jgi |gn` s`rg`s kd gi|ìsg|w.lprj|gki r`bj|gkisag}s

Psgif |a` r`spb|s dgil r`|pri }`rgkl !ps` V`gopbb dkrnpbj*'

]bk| njqgnpn gi|ìsg|w ts r`|pri }`rgkl vg|a lprj|gki js |a` 3rl }jrjn`|`r kr }bk| njqgnpn gi|ìsg|w ts lprj|gki vg|a r`|pri

}`rgkl js |a` 3rl

}jrjn`|`r |k ko|jgi GLD cprt`sJb|`rij|gt`bw ̀ q}r`ss |a` gi|ìsg|w.lprj|gki.dr`zpìcw

r`bj|gkisag} ow |a` dkbbkvgif `zpj|gki

i

q

j L

H\ G

H" q" j jil i jr` |a` ck`ddgcgì|s s}`cgdgc |k |a` jr`j

\ gs r`|pri }`rgkl !w`jrs'" L gs lprj|gki !akprs'

G gs gi|ìsg|w njqgnpn gi|ìsg|w !n+ar'



w`jr

Lprj|gki

: ? ))) g ))) N

:

?

)))

E

)))

I





_pikdd ck`ddgcgì| ‑C‗



]

_C _ gs |k|jb l`}|a kd rpikdd

] gs |k|jb l`}|a kd }r`cg}g|j|gki

\w}gcjb rpikdd ck`ddgcgì|s dkr proji vj|`rsa`ls jr` jtjgbjob`drkn }pobgsa`l bg|`rj|pr`

Gi cjs` kd |a` rprjb jil ngq`l ps` vj|`rsa`ls |a` kt`rjbb rpikdd ck`ddgcgì| gs ko|jgi`l ow

Glì|gdw |a` dkpr js}`c|s" vj|`rsa`l r`bg`d" skgb gidgb|rj|gki"t`f`|j|gki ckt`r jil sprdjc` |w}`s" jil |a`gr gn}kr|jic`

Sws|`nj|gc jssgfinì| kd rpikdd ck`ddgcgì| dkr `jca kd |a`js}`c|s !Lj|j gs jtjgbjob` dkr jssgs|gif |a` jssgfinì|'

Ko|jgi kt`rjbb rpikdd ck`ddgcgì| ow

stgr C C C C C

C gs kt`rjbb rpikdd ck`ddgcgì|Cr gs |a` ck`ddgcgì| jcckpi|gif |a` r`bg`d

Cg gs |a` ck`ddgcgì| jcckpi|gif dkr skgb gidgb|rj|gki

Ct gs |a` ck`ddgcgì| jcckpi|gif dkr t`f`|j|gki

Cs gs |a` ck`ddgcì| jcckpi|gif dkr sprdjc` |w}`s

Pign}rkt`l jr`js5_pikdd ck`ddgcgì|s dkr



\w}` kd lrjgijf` jr`j _pikdd ck`ddgcgì|

Opsgi`ss5

Lkvi|kvi jr`js =)6=.=)70

I`gfaokrakkl jr`js =)3=.=)6=

_`sglì|gjb5Sgifb`.djngbw jr`js =)3=.=)0=

Npb|g.pig|s" l`|jca`l =)<=.=)4=

Npb|g.pig|s" j||jca`l =)4=.=)60

Spoproji =)30.=)<=

J}jr|nì| lv`bbgif jr`js =)3=.=)6=

Gilps|rgjb5

Bgfa| jr`js =)3=.=)1=

A`jtw jr`js =)4=.=)7=

]jrhs" c`n`|`rg̀ s =):=.=)?0

]bjwfrkpils =)3=.=)<=

_jgbrkjl wjrls =)3=.=)<=

Sjil kr sjilw bkjn skgb" =.3% =):0.=)?=

Sjil kr sjilw bkjn skgb" 3.0% =)?=.=)?0

Objch kr bk`ssgjb skgb" =.3% =):1.=)?0

Objch kr bk`ssgjb skgb" 3.0% =)?0.=)3=Objch kr bk`ssgjb skgb" 9 0% =)6=.=)1=

L``} sjil jr`j =)=0.=):0

S|``} frjss`l sbk}`s =)6=

Bjvis5

Sjilw skgb" dbj| ?% =)=0.=):=Sjilw skgb" jt`rjf` ?.6% =):=.=):0

Sjilw skgb" s|``} 6% =):0.=)?=

A`jtw skgb" dbj| ?% =):3.=):6

A`jtw skgb" jt`rjf` ?.6% =):1.=)??

A`jtw skgb" s|``} 6% =)?0.=)30

S|r``|s5

Js}ajb|gc =)10.=)70

Ckicr`|` =)7=.=)70

Orgch =)6=.=)10

Lrgt`s jil vjbhs =)60.=)70

_kkds =)60.=)70

proji vj|`rsa`ls







S|`}s gi l`t`bk}gif jil j}}bwgif

|a` rj|gkijb n`|akl

Ps` kd rj|gkijb n`|akl5



Jsspn}|gkis jil bgng|j|gkis

  \a` n`|akl gs j}}bgcjob` gd |c dkr |a` lrjgijf` jr`j gs b`ss |aji |a`lprj|gki kd }`jh rjgidjbb gi|ìsg|w

  \a` cjbcpbj|`l rpikdd gs lgr`c|bw }rk}kr|gkijb |k |a` rjgidjbb gi|ìsg|w

  _jgidjbb gi|ìsg|w gs pigdkrn |arkpfakp| |a` lprj|gki kd |a` s|krn

  _jgidjbb gs lgs|rgop|`l pigdkrnbw kt`r |a` lrjgijf` jr`j

  \a` dr`zpìcw kd kccprrìc` dkr |a` }`jh lgscajrf` gs |a` sjn` js |a`

dr`zpìcw kd |a` rjgidjbb }rklpcgif |aj| `tì|  \a` ngignpn lprj|gki |k o` ps`l dkr ckn}p|j|gki kd rjgidjbb gi|ìsg|w gs

:= ngip|`s !Gd |c gs 2:= ngi)" |aì := ngip|`s gs jlk}|`l dkr rjgidjbbgi|ìsg|w ckn}p|j|gkis'

  \a` rj|gkijb n`|akl lk`s ik| jcckpi| dkr s|krjf` gi |a` lrjgijf` jr`j)Jtjgbjob` s|krjf` gs jsspn`l |k o` dgbb`l

Lp` |k |a` jokt` jsspn}|gkis jil bgng|j|gkis ps` kd |a` rj|gkijb n`|akl gsbgng|`l |k vj|`rsa`ls kd 2?== jcr`s sgu`

\a` rj|gkijb n`|akl r`}r`sì|s j s|`jlw gidbkv.kp|dbkv ckilg|gki kd |a`vj|`rsa`l lprgif |a` }`jh gi|ìsg|w kd |a` l`sgfi s|krn

Jiw s|krjf` d`j|pr`s !l`|ì|gki }kils" cajii`bs jil dbkkl}bjgi s|krjf`'ajtgif sgfigdgcji| tkbpn` cjiik| o` }rk}`rbw r`}r`sì|`l vg|a |a`

rj|gkijb n`|akl



I_CS \_.00 N`|akl

  Eps| js |a` rj|gkijb n`|akl |a` I_CS awlrkbkfgcn`|akl jbsk r`zpgr`s lrjgijf` ojsgi jr`j" rpikdd djc|kr" |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki jil rjgidjbb gi}p|s

  G| |jh`s gi|k ckisgl`rj|gki |a` dkbbkvgif –

|gn` lgs|rgop|gki kd rjgidjbb – Gig|gjb rjgidjbb bkss`s |k gi|`rc`}|gki jil l`}r`ssgki s|krjf`

– Gidgb|rj|gki rj|` l`cr`jsgif lprgif |a` ckprs` kd |a` s|krn

  g| gs ps`l |k `s|gnj|` s|krn vj|`r rpikdd }`jh rj|`sjil |k fì`rj|` awlrkfrj}as dkr |a` rkp|gif kd s|krn

vj|`r dbkvs  \a` n`|akl cji o` dkr lrjgijf` jr`js p}|k ?=== jcr`s

sgu`



I_CS \_.00 N`|akl

  J}}bgcj|gki kd |a` I_CS n`|akl gitkbt`s – L`|`rngigif cprt` ipno`rs

– Dgilgif |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki

– L`|`rngij|gki kd |k|jb jil `qc`ss rjgidjbb jnkpi|s

–

L`t`bk}nì| lgr`c| rpikdd awlrkfrj}as |arkpfa psgif pig|awlrkfrj}a j}}rkjca

  Lgtgl` |a` bjrf`r lrjgijf` ojsgis gi|k dgig|` ipno`r kd spojr`js l`t`bk} awlrkfrj}as !`b`nì|jb awlrkfrj}as' dkr `jcakd |a`n" rkp|` |a` dbkvs |k |a` ojsgi kp|b`|" jil ko|jgi |a`

awlrkfrj}a |arkpfa spnngif |a` `b`nì|jb awlrkfrj}as – Gi|rklpc` nklgdgcj|gkis dkr `dd`c|s kd |rjisg| |gn` |arkpfa |a`

ojsgi jil dkr |a` s|krjf` gi |a` s|r`jn cajii`bs

Awlrkfrj}a



Awlrkfrj}a  Frj}a sakvgif s|krn vj|`r dbkvs jfjgis| |gn` dkr j s|r`jn

!j| |a` kp|b`| kd j vj|`rsa`l'

  S|r`jn cjrrg`s `qc`ss !i`|' rjgidjbb !s|krn vj|`r ngips bkss`s'jil gicbpl`s

– Kt`rbjil sprdjc` rpikdd – lgdd`rìc` kd rjgidjbb jil lgdd`rì|bkss`s !gi|`rc`}|gki" gidgb|rj|gki jil sprdjc` s|krjf`s'

– Gi|`rdbkv !sposprdjc` rpikdd' – lgdd`rìc` kd sposkgb gidgb|rj|gki

jil |k} skgb gidgb|rj|gki – Ojs` dbkv !frkpilvj|`r dbkv' –frkpilvj|`r r`cajrfgif rgs`s

frkpilvj|`r |job` jil ìajic`s |a` ojs` dbkv

  Kt`rbjil sprdjc` rpikdd }bps gi|`rdbkv |kf`|a`r gs hikvi jslgr`c| rpikdd . @dd`c|gt` !i`|' rjgidjbb cki|rgop|`s |k |ags

  J s|r`jn awlrkfrj}a gs t`rw ckn}b`q jil ajs njiw hgihs jil}`jhs – gilgtglpjb rjgidjbb `tì|s jr` `q}r`ss`l js }`jhs – `jca kd |a` }`jhs gs j s|krn awlrkfrj}a

  \a`kr`|gcjbbw g| gs }kssgob` |k r`skbt` j ckn}b`q awlrkfrj}a gi|knjiw sgn}b` awlrkfrj}as



_jgidjbb jil rpikdd awlrkfrj}a



S|krn awlrkfrj}a



  Awlrkfrj}a gs |a` r`s}kis` kd |a` cj|canì| |k |a` rjgidjbb`tì| kr s|krn

– Lprgif rjgidjbb s|krjf` opgbls p} gi |a` vj|`rsa`l jil kic`ssj|gki kd rjgidjbb |a` s|krjf` frjlpjbbw l`}b`|`s

– \a` `qc`ss+i`| rjgidjbb r`jca`s |a` kp|b`| vg|a j |gn` bjf

  S|krn awlrkfrj}as jr` vj|`rsa`l jil rjgidjbb `tì| s}`cgdgc – tjrw vg|a vj|`rsa`l cajrjc|`rgs|gcs jil rjgidjbb cajrjc|`rgs|gcs

–

Saj}`" sgu`" sbk}`" lrjgijf` lìsg|w . Kccprrìc` kd }`jh jilsaj}` kd awlrkfrj}a jr` jdd`c|`l njgibw ow cj|canì| saj}` – dkr snjbb`r cj|canì|s !va`r` kt`r bjil dbkv gs }r`lkngiji|'cj|canì| sbk}` gs gn}kr|ji|

– Skgb |w}`" f`kbkfgcjb ckilg|gkis" bjil ps` jil bjil ckt`r!gn}kr|ji| dkr snjbb s|krns'

– Bjh`s" svjn}s jil k|a`r sprdjc` vj|`r s|krjf`s

– Cajii`b cajrjc|`rgs|gcs !crkss s`c|gki" rkpfai`ss" s|krjf`cj}jcg|w' – dkr bjrf`r cj|canì|s !va`r` cajii`b dbkv gs}r`lkngiji|' |a` }rgicg}jb cajii`b sbk}` gs gn}kr|ji|

–

gi|ìsg|w" lprj|gki jil lgr`c|gki kd nkt`nì| kd s|krn

S|krn awlrkfrj}a



  Dbkv rj|` – |gn` !|gn` ojs`' r`bj|gkisag}

  Ajs |ar`` r`fgkis !rgsgif bgno" cr`s| jil r`c`ssgki bgno'

 _gsgif bgno !ckicì|rj|gki cprt`' – Cki|rkbb`l ow ok|a rjgidjbb `tì| jil cj|canì| cajrjc|`rgs|gcs

– _gs`s gig|gjbbw sbkvbw lp` |k agfa gig|gjb bkss`s jil |aì rj}glbwlp` |k gicr`jsgif cki|rgop|gif jr`j jil r`lpcgif bkss`s

– Opgb| p} kd s|krjf` !sprdjc` jil cajii`b s|krjf`" gi|`rdbkv jil

frkpilvj|`r s|krjf`' kccprs  Cr`s| s`fnì|

– ]kgi|s kd gidb`c|gki s`}jrj|`s |a` rgsgif bgno jil |a` r`c`ssgkibgno drkn |a` cr`s| s`fnì|

– gicbpl`s |a` }`jh dbkv }kgi|" vagca kccprs vaì jbb |a` }jr|s kd |a` cj|canì| sgnpb|ji`kpsbw cki|rgop|` rpikdd

– Bjrf`r cj|canì|s !s|krn lprj|gki 2 |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki*'ajt` }`jh dbkv jd|`r c`ssj|gki kd rjgidjbb !ojsgi bjf kr |gn` bjf*'

– Gskbj|`l s|krn kd pigdkrn rjgidjbb r`spb|s gi j sgifb` }`jh`ls|krn awlrkfrj}a . |vk kr nkr` s|krns gi spcc`ssgki r`spb| gi

npb|g}b` }`jh`l ckn}b`q s|krn awlrkfrj}as

S|krn awlrkfrj}a



  _`c`ssgki+djbbgif bgno

– _`}r`sì|s l`}b`|gki kd s|krjf` – }kgi| kd gidb`c|gki r`}r`sì|s

|a` ckilg|gki kd njqgnpn s|krjf` – Saj}` !s}`cgjbbw o`wkil |a` gidb`c|gki }kgi|' gs ì|gr`bw

gidbpìc`l ow |a` cj|canì| cajrjc|`rgs|gcs

  Lgscajrf` lprgif r`c`ssgki bgno gs fgtì ow Ojri`s `zpj|gki

  \a` r`c`ssgki ckis|ji| jc|pjbbw gicbpl`s

– _`c`ssgki ckis|ji| dkr sprdjc` s|krjf` !Hrs' – =)=0 |k =)?

– _`c`ssgki ckis|ji| dkr gi|`rdbkv !Hrg' – =)0 |k =)10

– _`c`ssgki ckis|ji| dkr ojs` dbkv !Hro' – =)10 |k =)77

r

| | jj|

|

| |

r

|

r |

H jva`r`

`Z

Z`ZZ

H Z

ZH ZZ

bi

?:

?:

?

:=

?

:=

‑Z= gs lgscajrf` j| |>= ‑Z|‗ gs lgscajrf` j| |gn` ‑|‗

‑Hr‗ gs r`c`ssgki ckis|ji|

Hr

> Hrs

q Hrg

q Hro

Gd jiw kd |a` |ar`` dbkvs jr` gisgfigdgcji| |aì

r`c`ssgki ckis|ji| kd |aj| dbkv gs |jhì js pig|w

S|krn awlrkfrj}a



  S|krnvj|`r s|krjf` !S|' r`njgigif gi |a` ojsgi j| |gn` ‑|‗ gs fgtì ow

  O`wkil |a` gidb`c|gki }kgi| }bk||gif lgscajrf` jfjgis| |gn` ki s`ngbkf }bk| !lgscajrf` ki bkf scjb` jil |gn` ki jrg|an`|gc scjb`' fgt`s

r`c`ssgki ckis|ji| js sbk}` kd |a` }bk|  Dkr |a` r`c`ssgki bgno" o`wkil |a` }kgi| r`}r`sì|gif ìl kd |a`

lgr`c| rpikdd" ok|a sprdjc` s|krjf` jil gi|`rdbkv s|krjf` jr`ckisgl`r`l i`fbgfgob` jil Hrs jil Hrg jr` `zpjb |k ki` jil Hr > Hro

  Vg|a |a` Hro tjbp`" ojs` dbkv dkr lgdd`rì| ‑|‗ tjbp`s o`wkil |a`

gidb`c|gki }kgi| ki |a` r`c`ssgki bgno cji o` dkpil  \k|jb lgscajrf` ngips ojs` dbkv cji o` |jhì js |a` sprdjc` rpikdd

}rktgl`l gi|`rdbkv s|krjf` gs ckisgl`r`l i`fbgfgob`

  ]bk||gif |a` sprdjc` rpikdd jfjgis| |gn` ki s`ng bkf }bk| fgt`s |a`sprdjc` dbkv r`c`ssgki ckis|ji| !Hrs'

j| |

r |

| |

j|

| |

`ZH ZZa`r`

| j

Z

l| `Zl| ZS

==

=

Lgr`c| _pikdd Awlrkfrj}a !L_A'



  J awlrkfrj}a cki|jgis sprdjc` rpikdd" gi|`rdbkv jil ojs` dbkvckn}kiì|s – sprdjc` rpikdd jil gi|`rdbkv }p| |kf`|a`r gs

lgr`c| rpikdd !`dd`c|gt` rjgidjbb gs r`bj|`l vg|a |ags'  J awlrkfrj}a sakvgif kibw lgr`c| rpikdd gs lgr`c| rpikdd

awlrkfrj}a – s`}jrj|gki kd ojs` dbkv drkn j s|krnawlrkfrj}a r`spb|s gi L_A

  Ki |a` |gn` ojs` kd j awlrkfrj}a bkcj|gif |a` }kgi| va`r`

lgr`c| rpikdd ìls gs lgddgcpb| – – cji `n}grgcjbbw o` j}}rkqgnj|`l ow

  L_A gs r`bj|`l |k `qc`ssgt`+`dd`c|gt` rjgidjbb aw`|kfrj}a !@_A' – _jgidjbb |aj| o`ckn`s lgr`c| rpikdd j| |a` vj|`rsa`l kp|b`| gs

hikvi js `qc`ssgt`+`dd`c|gt`+i`| rjgidjbb

– Ok|a L_A jil @_A r`}r`sì| |a` sjn` |k|jb rjgidjbb zpji|g|w op|

gi lgdd`rì| pig|s !@_A q Jr`j > L_A *'

?)=13)= J I

‑I‗ gs |gn` gi|`rtjb o`|v`ì }`jh dbkv }kgi| jilìl kd lgr`c| rpikdd }kgi|

‑J‗ gs ojsgi jr`j gi hn?





_pikdd drkn j rjgidjbb `tì| gicbpl`s |vk ckn}kiì|s lgr`c| rpikdd !sprdjc`dbkv jil gi|`rdbkv' jil ojs` dbkv !frkpilvj|`r dbkv'

Lgr`c| rpi kdd cji o` s`}jrj|`l drkn |a` |k|jb rpikdd drkn j rjgi djbb `tì|

Bjf |gn` !|b'5 \gn` o`|v`ì |a` cì|`r kd njss kd |a` rjgidjbb `tì|

!aw`|kfrj}a' jil |aj| kd lgr`c| rpikdd !awlrkfrj}a'

@zpj|gki ow Bgisb`w !:77?'?)=

1)= J I J gs vj|`rsa`l jr`j gi hn?

S|rjgfa| bgi` J.C lgtgl`s |a` dbkv gi|k lgr`c|

rpikdd jil ojs` dbkv

\gn` bjf

Ojs` dbkv s`}jrj|gki jil L_A



Ojs` dbkv s`}jrj|gki jil L_A  Ckis|ji|.lgscajrf` n`|akl5 jsspn` ojs` dbkv js ckis|ji| .

}rke`c| drkn |a` ngignpn ojs` dbkv gnn`lgj|`bw o`dkr` |aò`fgiigif kd s|krn awlrkfrj}a)

  Ckis|ji|.sbk}`5 Ckii`c| |a` }kgi| r`}r`sì|gif |a` ìl kd lgr`c| rpikdd ki r`c`ssgki bgno vg|a |a` o`fgiigif kd s|krnawlrkfrj}a |k s`}jrj|` |a` ojs` dbkv)

  Ckicjt` !nks| r`jbgs|gc'5 Jsspn` l`cr`js` kd ojs` dbkvl`cr`js`s vg|a |a` gicr`js` kd s|r`jn dbkv p} |k |a` }`jh kd |a` s|krn – drkn |a`r` ckii`c| |k |a` }kgi| r`}r`sì|gif |a`ìl kd lgr`c| rpikdd ki r`c`ssgki bgno dkr s`}jrj|gif |a` ojs`dbkv)

  Njs|`r l`}b`|gki cprt` n`|akl5 lrjv j |jifì| |k |a`r`c`ssgki bgno o`wkil |a` }kgi| r`}r`sì|gif . drkn |a`r`ckii`c| vg|a |a` o`fgiigif kd |a` s|krn awlrkfrj}a dkrs`}jrj|gif |a` ojs` dbkv)



Pig| Awlrkfrj}a !PA'  Pig| awlrkfrj}a5 \a` cj|canì| dbkv r`s}kis` |k j pig| !:



  Pig| awlrkfrj}a5 \a` cj|canì| dbkv r`s}kis` |k j pig| !:cn' kd `dd`c|gt` rjgidjbb kccprrgif kt`r j fgtì lprj|gki !L ars'

  Lprj|gki gs gilgcj|`l js }r`dgq |k PA !4a.PA'

  Tkbpn` kd vj|`r gs `zpjb |k |a` rjgidjbb `qc`ss jil jt`rjf`gi|ìsg|w kd `qc`ss rjgidjbb gs !:+L'

  ]r`lgc|gki kd dbkkl awlrkfrj}as jr` lki` ow pig| awlrkfrj}an`|akl !spff`s|`l ow Sa`rnji gi :73?

 Jsspn}|gkis njl` gi |a` pig| awlrkfrj}a ckis|rpc|gki – @dd`c|gt` rjgidjbb gs pigdkrnbw lgs|rgop|`l kt`r |a` vakb`

cj|canì| jil |a` lprj|gki)

– Lgr`c| rpikdd }rkc`ss gs bgi`jr gi sp}`r}ksg|gki jil}rk}kr|gkijbg|w . gd rjgidjbb gs lkpob`l rpikdd jbsk lkpob`l . jiw

rpikdd drkn j bj|`r |gn` cji o` jll`l |k |a` }r`tgkps rpikdd) – \a` rjgidjbb rpikdd }rkc`ss gs s|j|gkijrw . ik cajif` vg|a |gn`)

ni

n

ngng P _Z:

:

_n gs ̀ dd`c|gt` rjgidjbb

Pg gs pig| awlrkfrj}a krlgij|`s

Zg gs lgr`c| rpikdd awlrkfrj}a krlgij|`s

n gs |a` ipno`r kd rjgidjbb tjbp`s

Pig| Awlrkfrj}a



  L_A !Lgr`c| _pikdd Awlrkfrj}a' cji o` ko|jgi`l drkn |a` L.PA !L lprj|gki pig| awlrkfrj}a' ow sp}`r}ksg|gkigif

 

Gd rjgidjbb `qc`ss gs _ |gn`s |a` pig| rjgidjbb `qc`ss" |aì |a`L_A r`spb|gif vgbb o` _ |gn`s |a` L.PA – Jr`j pil`r |a` L_A vgbb o` r |gn`s |a` jr`j pil`r |a` L.PA

– \gn` ojs` kd |a` awlrkfrj}a vgbb r`njgi |a` sjn`

  \vk ckis`cp|gt` rjgidjbb `tì|s jr` cknogi`l ow sp}`r.}ksg|gkigif !|gn` fj} o`|v`ì |a` `tì|s gs |jhì cjr` kd' – \gn` ojs` kd |a` r`spb|ji| L_A vgbb o` `zpjb |k |a` L.PA |gn`

ojs` }bps |gn` bjf o`|v`ì |a` |vk rjgidjbb `tì|s

  Ckis|rpc|gif j L_A dkr j ojsgi dkr j rjgidjbb `tì| ki` i``ls – Pig| awlrkfrj}a kd j}}rk}rgj|` lprj|gki

– S|krn aw`|kfrj}a – `qc`ss rjgidjbb aw`|kfrj}a !@_A' gs ko|jgi`ldrkn g| |arkpfa l`lpc|gif gig|gjb bkss`s jil gidgb|rj|gki bkss`s

– @_A gs lgtgl`l gi|k dgig|` ipno`r kd obkchs `jca kd L lprj|gki

– \arkpfa sp}`r}ksg|gkigif L_A gs ko|jgi`l

– Jllg|gki kd ojs` dbkv |k |a` L_A cji fgt` dbkkl+s|krnawlrkfrj}a

Pig| Awlrkfrj}a





J rgt`r cj|canì| ajs j ? akpr pig| awlrkfrj}a vg|a |a` krlgij|`s =" 3" ::" 30" 00" 44" 43" <="??" 7 jil ? n3+s) Jsspn` |aj| |a` ojs` dbkv j| |gn` |>= akpr gs ?= n3+s jil bgi`jrbwgicr`js`s |k << n3+s j| |>?< akprs)



gicr`js`s |k << n +s j| | ?< akprs)

j' Ckn}p|` |a` awlrkfrj}a r`spb|gif drkn |vk spcc`ssgt` ? akpr }`rgkls kd `dd`c|gt` rjgi kd ?)=cn jil :)0 cn r`s}`c|gt`bw)

o' \k }r`tì| lkvis|r`jn dbkklgif" |a` njqgnpn dbkv |k o` r`b`js`l drkn |a` cj|canì| gss`| j| :1= n3+s) Cjbcpbj|` |a` s}jc` i``l`l |k s|kr` |a` `qc`ss vj|`r drkn |ags `tì| !gi n 3')

L`rgtj|gki kd j Pig| Awlrkfrj}a  S`b`c| s ddgcgì| i no`r kd gskbj|`l s|krn a lrkfrj}as dkr |a`



  S`b`c| spddgcgì| ipno`r kd gskbj|`l s|krn awlrkfrj}as dkr |aòjsgi cjps`l ow s|krns kd jokp| sjn` lprj|gki !º?=% L'

– \a` s|krns s`b`c|`l sakpbl o` djgrbw pigdkrn gi ok|a s}jc` jil|gn` !kt`r |a` lprj|gki jcrkss |a` cj|canì|+ojsgi'

– Lprj|gki caksì sakpbl o` :+3rl |k :+0|a kd |a` ojsgi bjf !dkrcj|canì|s 9?0= hn? lprj|gki gs |jhì js 4 akprs'

  Ko|jgi Lgr`c| _pikdd Awlrkfrj}as !L_A' dkr `jca kd |a`

s`b`c|`l s|krn awlrkfrj}as !s`}jrj|` ojs` dbkv'  @tjbpj|` jr`j pil`r `jca kd |a` L_A jil lgtgl` vg|a ojsgi

jr`j |k ko|jgi `qc`ss rjgidjbb l`}|a

– \a` s`b`c|`l s|krn sakpbl wg`bl : |k < cn `qc`ss rjgidjbb l`}|a

  Lgtgl` krlgij|`s kd |a` L_A vg|a |a` `qc`ss rjgidjbb l`}|a dkrko|jgigif krlgij|`s dkr |a` Pig| Awlrkfrj}a !PA'

  \a` npb|g}b` Pig| Awlrkfrj}as ko|jgi`l vgbb ik| o` glì|gcjb – cknogi` |a`n |k ko|jgi ji jt`rjf`+n`ji Pig| Awlrkfrj}a

– @qc`ss rjgidjbb l`}|a `tjbpj|`l dkr |a` n`ji Pig| Awlrkfrj}a

sakpbl o` j pig|w

Ckis|rpc|gif Dbkkl Awlrkfrj}adrkn Pig| Awlrkfrj}a



drkn Pig| Awlrkfrj}a  Pig| Awlrkfrj}a dkr |a` ojsgi jil @qc`ss _jgidjbb Aw`|kfrj}a

!@_A' kd |a` s|krn jr` i``l`l  \a` @qc`ss _jgidjbb Aw`|kfrj}a gs lgtgl`l gi|k ‑i‗ obkchs vg|a

|a` lprj|gki kd |a` PA

  Dkr `jca obkch dgil `qc`ss rjgidjbb l`}|a

  S`fnì| |a` |gn` ojs` kd |a` Pig| Awlrkfrj}a ow |a`lprj|gki kd |a` Pig| Awlrkfrj}a

  Ckis|rpc| L_A dkr |a` obkch ow npb|g}bwgif |a` krlgij|`s kd |a` Pig| Awlrkfrj}a vg|a |a` obkch‗s `qc`ss rjgidjbb l`}|a

  Sp}`r}ksg|gki L_As kd spos`zpì| obkchs kd `qc`ss rjgidjbb |k

ko|jgi L_A dkr |a` dbkkl s|krn gi zp`s|gki

:3??3:3

:??:?

:::

P _P _P _Z

P _P _Z

P _Z

_:" _? jil _3 jr` `qc`ss rjgidjbb l`}|as dkrobkchs :" ? jil 3

P:" P? jil P3 jr` krlgij|`s kd |a` Pig|Awlrkfrj}a

Pig| awlrkfrj}as kd lgdd`rì| lprj|gkis



Drkn j L.PA kd j vj|`rsa`l j \.PA cji o` l`rgt`l ow |vk

n`|akls5 Sp}`r}ksg|gki n`|akl jil S.cprt` n`|akl

Sp}`r}ksg|gki n`|akl !ps`l vaì

\+L gs ji gi|`f`r'

  Lgtgl` \ gi|k i obkchs" `jca kd L

lprj|gki

  L`t`bk} Lgr`c| _pikdd Awlrkfrj}a

dkr ‑\‗ rjgidjbb lprj|gki ow

sp}`r}ksg|gkigif ‑i‗ Pig|

Awlrkfrj}as kd L lprj|gki `jca  Lgtgl` |a` krlgij|`s kd |a` L_A

ow ‑i‗ jil ko|jgi |a` Pig|

Awlrkfrj}a kd ‑\‗ lprj|gki

Pig| awlrkfrj}as kd lgdd`rì| lprj|gkis!S cprt` kr S awlrkfrj}a n`|akl'



  Ps`l dkr |a` cjs`s va`r` \+L gs ik| ji gi|`f`r

  S.cprt` gs j cpnpbj|gt` dbkv cprt` l`t`bk}`l drkn j pig|awlrkfrj}a kd L lprj|gki

  Krlgij|`s dkr |ags jr` ko|jgi`l drkn PA js o`bkv5

  S.cprt` r`jca`s |a` njqgnpn tjbp` !Z s' j| |gn` `zpjb |k |a`

|gn` ojs` kd |a` Pig| Awlrkfrj}a

  Gi|ìsg|w kd rjgidjbb gs :+L jil |a` cpnpbj|gt`+njqgnpn tjbp`

gs J+L va`r` J gs ojsgi jr`j jil L gs lprj|gki kd PA

!S.cprt` kr S.awlrkfrj}a n`|akl'

| L| | L| | |

i

g

gi

ggg

P ZZkr ZZP

P Z

P P P P Z

P P ZP Z

:

:?:

:??::

)))

Z :" Z ?" )))" Z g" )))" Z i jr` krlgij|`s kd S.cprt`

P:" P?" )))" Pg" )))" Pi jr` krlgij|`s kd |a` PA



Dkr l`rgtgif \.akpr Pig| Awlrkfrj}a !PA' drkn L.akpr PA ckisgl`r ? L.

akpr S.cprt`s lgs}bjc`l+bjff`l ow \.akprs ki |a` |gn` jqgsKo|jgi krlgij|`s kd |a` Pig| Awlrkfrj}a js t`r|gcjb lgs|jic` o`|v`ì |a`|vk S.cprt`s npb|g}bg`l ow L+\

Ca`ch va`|a`r |a` jr`j pil`r |a` PA gs r`}r`sì|gif j pig| kd `qc`ss kr`dd`c|gt` kr i`| rjgidjbb



S|`}s gi l`t`bk}gif jil j}}bwgif

|a` awlrkfrj}a n`|akl

Swi|a`|gc Pig| Awlrkfrj}a  Gidkrnj|gki ki rjgidjbb jil r`spb|gif Dbkkl Awlrkfrj}a gs ik|



Gidkrnj|gki ki rjgidjbb jil r`spb|gif Dbkkl Awlrkfrj}a gs ik|jtjgbjob` dkr njiw vj|`rsa`ls jil Pig| Awlrkfrj}as cji ik| o`l`rgt`l – gi spca cjs`s Swi|a`|gc Pig| Awlrkfrj}as jr` ps`l

  Swi|a`|gc pig| awlrkfrj}as !SPA' jr` l`t`bk}`l ow psgif `n}grgcjb`zpj|gkis r`bj|gif |a` sjbgì| awlrkfrj}a cajrjc|`rgs|gcs vg|a |aòjsgi cajrjc|`rgs|gcs

  \a`s` `n}grgcjb `zpj|gkis !ajtgif kibw r`fgkijb tjbglg|w' jr` ps`l |kdgil |a` cajrjc|`rgs|gcs kd |a` SPA

– ]`jh lgscajrf` !Z }' – S|jiljrl rjgidjbb lprj|gki !|r'

– Bjf |gn` !|}'

– Pig| awlrkfrj}a vgl|a j| 60% kd Z } !V60'

– Pig| awlrkfrj}a vgl|a j| 0=% kd Z } !V0='

– \gn` ojs` kd |a` pig| awlrkfrj}a !\o'

  Psgif |a`s` cajrjc|`rgs|gcs j |ì|j|gt` SPA gs sh`|ca`l – drkn g| S.cprt` gs ckis|rpc|`l jil snkk|aì`l |k r`nkt` hgihs – SPA gs|aì l`rgt`l drkn |a` S.cprt` – ca`ch va`|a`r |a` jr`j pil`r |a`SPA r`}r`sì|s j pig| `qc`ss rjgidjbb

– Sgic` \o gs |a` b`js| jccprj|` }jrjn`|`r" jleps| g| |k ko|jgi |a` SPA



Swi|a`|gc Pig| Awlrkfrj}a



!Ojsgi' Bjf |gn` !|}'5

  \gn` gi|`rtjb o`|v`ì |a` ngl}kgi| kd `qc`ss rjgidjbb jil

}`jh kd |a` SPA

  _`}r`sì|s n`ji |gn` kd |rjt`b kd vj|`r drkn jbb }jr|s kd |a`

vj|`rsa`l |k |a` vj|`rsa`l kp|b`|

  Siwl`r‗s `n}grgcjb `zpj|gki !jil Bgisb`w `| jb nklgdgcj|gki'

i

cj|B }

cj| }

S

B BC |

B BC |

)

) 3)= |} gs ojsgi bjf gi akprsB gs ojsgi bìf|a gi hn jbkif }rgicg}jb dbkv }j|a

Bcj gs }rgicg}jb cajii`b bìf|a drkn kp|b`| |k |a`}kgi| k}}ksg|` |k vj|`rsa`l cì|rkgl gi hn

S gs ojsgi sbk}`

C| gs ckis|ji| r`}r`sì|gif |a` vj|`rsa`ls sbk}` jil s|krjf` `dd`c|s

g|s rjif` gs :)33.:)40 jil r`}kr|`l rjif` gs =)3 |k 4)=

C|B jil i jr` ojsgi ckis|ji|s ‑i‗ gs |jhì js =)31 dkr ojsgis gi PSJ

C|B tjbp` gs :)6:0 dkr nkpi|jgips r`fgki" :)=3 dkr dkk| agbb r`fgki jil=)0 dkr tjbb`w r`fgki





S|jiljrl `qc`ss rjgidjbb lprj|gki gi akprs !|r' –sgngbjr |k L

0)0

}r

| L|

Ki` cji |jh` j iki.s|jiljrl `qc`ss rjgidjbb lprj|gki !|_'"op| dkr |ags |a` ojsgi bjf i``ls ckrr`c|gki !|}‗'

<???:

<

& _ }

r _ } }

| | | | | | A`r` |r gs |jhì js |}+0)0

\gn` ojs` kd |a` SPA !\o'

akprs|

| \ ljws|

\ r }o

}

o

?)013

:s| `zpj|gki kt`r`s|gnj|`s \o dkr snjbb ojsgis jil ?il !\jwbkr jilScavjr|u' `zpj|gki gs spff`s|`l

\o

gs |jhì js ji gi|`f`r lgtgsgob` ow |r




J

zz A`r`

zV

}=1):0=

16)0

60):

0=60

V V

Pig| awlrkfrj}a vgl|a j| 60% kd z} !V60'

Pig| awlrkfrj}a vgl|a j| 0=% kd z} !V0='

A`r` V0= jil V60 jr` gi akprs

]`jh lgscajrf` !z}' gi n3+s`c)

}

}

}|

JC z

61)?

J gs cj|canì| jr`j gi hn?

C} gs j r`fgkijb ckis|ji| jil r`}r`sì|sr`|ì|gki jil s|krjf` cj}jcg|w kd vj|`rsa`l

g|s tjbp` rjif`5 =)3:.=)73

SCS Lgnìsgkib`ss Pig| Awlrkfrj}a



  L`t`bk}`l ow Tgc|kr Nkchps

  L`rgt`l ojs`l ki j bjrf` ipno`r kd Pig| Awlrkfrj}as dkrojsgis kd tjrg`l cajrjc|`rgs|gcs

– Jd|`r jt`rjfgif kp| |a` Pig| Awlrkfrj}as" |a` r`spb|ji| Pig|Awlrkfrj}a gs njl` lgnìsgkib`ss ow |jhgif Z+Z } jil |+|}

  J cprtgbgi`jr Lgnìsgkib`ss Pig| Awlrkfrj}a cji o`

r`}r`sì|`l ow ji `zpgtjbì| \rgjifpbjr Pig| Awlrkfrj}a  \a` Pig| Awlrkfrj}a ajs 36)0% kd g|s jr`j ki |a` rgsgif sgl`

jil r`s| 4?)0% ki r`c`ssgki sgl` !jr`j pil`r |a` cprt` gs ‑:‗'

  Ckisgl`rgif \rgjifpbjr Pig| Awlrkfrj}a" }`jh rj|` !z}' vgbb o`

r }

}\ \

z

?:

z}

gs }`jh rj|`

\} gs |gn` kd rgs` jil \r gs |gn` kd r`c`ssgki

\r+\} gs |jhì js r`c`ssgki |k rgsgif bgno rj|gk

\}(\r>\o !\o gs |gn` ojs` kd \rgjifpbjr PA'

\gn` Lgscajrf` Njss Cprt`

_j|gks dkr lgnìsgkib`ss pig|awlrkfrj}a jil njss cprt` \gn`

_j|gks !|+|}'

Lgscajrf`

_j|gks !z+z}'

Njss Cprt`

_j|gks !Zj +Z'

: 4 = 04= = 60:



_j|gks !|+|}' _j|gks !z+z}' _j|gks !Zj +Z'

= =)== =)===

=): =)=3 =)==: =)? =):= =)==4

=)3 =):7 =)=:?

=)< =)3: =)=30

=)0 =)<6 =)=40

=)4 =)44 =):=6

=)6 =)1? =):43

=)1 =)73 =)??1

=)7 =)77 =)3==

:)= :)== =)360

:): =)77 =)<0=

:)? =)73 =)0??

:)3 =)14 =)017

:)< =)61 =)40=

:)0 =)41 =)6==

:)4 =)04= =)60:

:)6 =)<4= =)67=

:)1 =)37= =)1?? :)7 =)33= =)1<7

?)= =)?1= =)16:

?)? =)?=6 =)7=1

?)< =):<6 =)73<

?)4 =):=6 =)703

?)1 =)=66 =)746

3)= =)=00 =)766

3)? =)=<= =)71<

3)< =)=?7 =)717

3)4 =)=?: =)773

3)1 =)=:0 =)770

<)= =)=:: =)776

<)0 =)==0 =)777

0)=

=)===

:)===



SCS Lgnìsgkib`ss Pig| Awlrkfrj}a



cc }

cbjfcbjf }

\ L Akv\ L\

\ \ a`r`\ L

\ L

\

:33)=;'!6):

4)=4)=??

Hikvgif bjf |gn`" \bjf !kr |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki" \c' jil r`c`ssgki|k rgsgif bgno rj|gk ki` cji ps` |a` SCS Lgnìsgkib`ss PA

Gd `qc`ss rjgidjbb l`}|a gs Z jil jr`j kd |a` lrjgijf` ojsgi gs J

r }

d

}\ \

Z J }z

))?) }d !}`jhgif djc|kr' gs pig| ckit`rsgki djc|kr

\}+\r gs r`c`ssgki |k rgsgif bgno rj|gk

z gs dbkv rj|` j| |gn` \

Vaì Z gs gi gica`s" \ gi akprs" J gi szpjr` ngb`s jil z} gi

d|3

+s`c) |aì ]d tjbp`s vgbb o` js fgtì gi |a` |job`\r+\} jil }d jr` r`bj|`l !gicr`jsgif \r+\} l`cr`js`s }d '

Sgic` z+z} jil \+\} jr` hikvi ki` cji l`t`bk} z t`rsps \r`bj|gkisag} jil ckis|rpc| |a` Lgr`c| _pikdd Awlrkfrj}a



Fì`rjb L`scrg}|gki ]`jhgifDjc|kr !]d '

Bgno _j|gk !\r +\}'!_`c`ssgki |k _gsgif'

Proji jr`js8 s|``} sbk}`s 060 :)?0 \w}gcjb SCS <1< :)46

Ngq`l proji+rprjb <== ?)?0

_prjb" rkbbgif agbbs 3== 3)33

_prjb" sbgfa| sbk}`s ?== 0)0 _prjb" t`rw dbj| :== :?)=

Awlrkfrj}a }`jhgif djc|krs jil r`c`ssgki bgno rj|gks

!Vjig`bgs|j" `| jb) :776'

L`bgi`j|` |a` ojsgi jil l`dgi` okpiljrw



Dkr `jca c`bb ki |a` okpiljrw dgil bjf |gn`"jil dgil bìf|a |k |a` kp|b`|

Dgil |a` bkif`s| |gn` kr bìf|a |k |a` kp|b`|"jil dgil |gn` kd ckicì|rj|gki dkr |a` ojsgi

Dgil }`jh dbkv !z}' jil |gn` |k }`jh !\}'

S`b`c| s|krn lprj|gki

Dgil r`c`ssgki |k rgsgif bgno rj|gk jilcjbcpbj|` r`c`ssgki bgno bìf|a

Ckis|rpc| lgnìsgkib`ss |rgjifpbjr pig| awlrkfrj}a

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