Stiesdal © Stiesdal 2015, All Rights Reserved 1 How Viable Energy Storage May Change the Game Henrik Stiesdal, 22.09.15

Stiesdal

© Stiesdal 2015, All Rights Reserved 1

How Viable Energy StorageMay Change the Game

Henrik Stiesdal, 22.09.15

Stiesdal


The days of the waterbed reference are over …

Politiken, 25.08.89 - Det var osse meget sjovere, dengang vi selv producerede varmen….

Miljøminister Lone Dybkjær oplyser, at de vandsenge, der findes rundt om i Danmarks sovekamre, bruger lige så meget strøm, som alle danske vindmøller fremstiller

Stiesdal


Wind power share of load in Denmark

2000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320140%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%

Win

d po

wer

shar

e of

load

Stiesdal


Production and load, last week

Source: EMD

Stiesdal


It happens even during the windiest month

Source: Energinet

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Stability is not the problem

Wind: 3.660 MWLoad: 3.186 MWShare: 115%

Exp: 2.127 MWImp: 347 MW

Source: Energinet

Stiesdal


Price is one of the problems

-20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140%0

5

10

15

20

25

30f(x) = 41.876628274 x⁴ − 120.72878102 x³ + 103.94871366 x² − 42.539726205 x + 30.200536332

Elpris, spot

Vindkraftandel

Elpr

is, sp

ot, ø

re/k

Wh

Source: Energinet

Stiesdal


Politics is another problem

Source: Energinet

Stiesdal


The solution: Domestic storage of electricity

Photo credit: University of Maine

Thermal storage charging• Excess electricity is used to

drive heat pump which heats stone bed to 600 deg.C.

• In reality with heat exchangers• Predicted COP = 125%

Thermal storage discharging• Heat is used to generate

steam for conventional thermal power plant

• HRSG can replace boiler• Predicted efficiency 42%

Source: Ingeniøren

Stiesdal


System deliveries at wind production = 100% of load

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 960%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

AndetLagerVind

Tid over året (%)

Kum

uler

et a

ndel

af p

rodu

ktion

Storage capacity needed: 0.5 – 1.0 Bn kWh

Stiesdal


Potential penetration and costs, 2025

40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160%0%

20%40%60%80%

100%120%140%160%

0246810121416

Vindkraftandel Samlet merpris

Vindkraftproduktion i forhold til forbrug

Nett

o vi

ndkr

aftan

del

Mer

pris

i for

hold

til 2

014

mar

keds

pris

[mia

.kr.]

Stiesdal


A different approach based on some key observations

The green transformation is moving rapidly on electricity• 39% wind in 2014• 45% wind during H1 2015• Nobody notices!

The implication• Not noticing facilitates transformation

In transportation …• You would notice with your private car• You cannot with truck transportation

The green transformation is more questionable on transportation

Stiesdal


We have been using biomass in transportation before

Stiesdal


We need liquid fuels – with a twist

Principles

• Gasify biomass (plant material) and synthetic materials

• Add H2 generated from wind power to upgrade gas

• Create synthetic fuel (e.g. methanol) with industrial processes

• Take care not to optimize gasification process

H2 from wind

Stiesdal


The buzzword: Carbon-negative

Turning the art of pyrolysis upside-down

• “Proper” pyrolysis is about maximizing the yield of gas

• A classical yardstick of skills is how small the residue can be made

• We are after the opposite thing!

• The residue (char) represents carbon captured from the atmosphere

• Char in the fundamental form is stable. It can be deposited for millennia

The more fuel we produce, the more carbon we remove from the atmosphere

Stiesdal


A true game-changing concept!

Exploiting the potentials of cheap electricity

• A continued reduction of the cost of wind electricity has the potential for a genuine paradigm change

• If electricity is cheap, we can accept fuel-producing processes which may not be optimally energy efficient

• Such processes can deliver carbon-negative fuels

The new game could be – lower taxes on less fuel-efficient vehicles

Stiesdal


Conclusions

Domestic storage of electrical energy can be done• Siemens has shown the way with thermal storage• Other concepts could be competitive – but each have their drawbacks

The transportation sector is a candidate for an alternative storage approach• Gasification of biomass and synthetic materials and subsequent enrichment with wind-

generated hydrogen could yield large volumes of liquid fuels• By an appropriately “dumb” pyrolysis process the overall yield could be carbon-

negative• The arrangement would be facilitated by the “nobody notices” aspect

What are we waiting for?

Stiesdal


Thanks for your attention

Henrik [email protected]

Documents

Stiesdal © Stiesdal 2015, All Rights Reserved 1 How Viable Energy Storage May Change the Game Henrik Stiesdal, 22.09.15