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Steve Hsu, September 6 2013
Alternative Fuels & VehiclesTechnology and Trend 1
Agenda• Introduction
• Hydrogen / Fuel Cell Vehicles Overview
• Electricity Vehicles Overview–Wireless Charging System for Vehicles
• Natural Gas Vehicles Overview
• Summary
2
Introduction
Source: Study Group on Next‐Generation Vehicle Batteries, 20063
Hydrogen / Fuel Cell Vehicles Schematics
Source: The Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) 4
Comparison of Fuel Cell Technologies
Source: The_Fuel_Cell_Today_Industry_Review_20115
Fuel Cell Vehicles ‐ Standardization Activities
Source: Introduction of Current Status of Standardization for Fuel Cell Vehicles in Japan , Hajime Fukumoto , JARI6
© ABB GroupSeptember 16, 2013 | Slide 7
Electricity Vehicles Schematics
Battery EV Plug‐in Hybrids Hybrids
Source: The Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) 8
HEVs, PHEVs and EVs by major automobile makers
Source: Company data, Various media reports9
HEVs, PHEVs and EVs by major automobile makers
Source: Company data, Various media reports10
Alliances relationships for automobile‐use batteries
Note: Black lines denote battery supply relationships, dotted lines denote capital relationships.Source: Company data
11
Comparison of major EV and PHEV models
Note: Japanese makers use JC08 standard and US makers us EPA standard for fuel efficiency.Source: Company data, SAE International
12
Vehicle‐to‐Vehicle (V2V)
New Era of eMobility
Converging Technologies:• Electrified Automobile• Electric Smart Grid• Connected/Autonomous Vehicle
Vehicle‐to‐Infrastructure (V2I)
Vehicle‐to‐Devices
Vehicle‐to‐Grid (V2G)
Source: SAE Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium May 18, 201213
Electricity – DC Charging Systems
• 3 DC charging systems in the IEC DC charging catalog standards ‐– IEC 62196‐3 ‐ Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for pin and contact‐tube couplers
with rated operating voltage up to 1 000 V d.c. and rated current up to 400 A, and rated operating voltage up to 690 V a.c. and rated current up to 250 A, for combined a.c./d.c.charging
– IEC 61851‐23 ‐ Electric vehicles conductive changing system ‐ Part 23: D.C. Electric vehicle charging station– IEC 61851‐24 ‐ Electric vehicles conductive charging system ‐ Part 24: Control communication protocol
between off‐board d.c. charger and electric vehicleSource: IEC
14
DC Charging Standardization Network
15
Electricity ‐ DC Charging Systems Overview of the high power d.c. interface (source: IEC 62196‐3)
16
Electricity ‐ DC Charging System B (GB/T) VEHICLE CONNECTOR & INLET RATED UP TO 250 A, 750 V D.C. (source: IEC 62196‐3)
VEHICLE CONNECTOR VEHICLE INLET
Note: Contacts shall be made of gold, siliver, copper, an alloy of these metals or equivalent material to avoid temperature rise issue
17
Electricity ‐ DC Charging Systems ‐ Sequence diagram of d.c.charging control communication for system B(source: IEC 61851‐24)
18
USA & EU on Electric Vehicle and Smart Grid Coordination (July 19, 2013)
1. Establishing requirements and test procedures to assess EV‐electric vehicle supply equipment compatibility;
2. Developing and verifying connectivity technologies, communication protocols and standards
3. Identifying gaps where new standards or technologies are needed for solutions using proof‐of‐concept hardware/software systems.
Source: ANL
19
Wireless Charging System for Vehicles Schematics
Source: SAE20
Wireless Charging System Standardization (1)
• UL is developing UL 2750 to cover safety aspects of wireless charging in parallel with the development of SAE J2954.
• IEC/TC 69 has undertaken work on PT 61980‐1, Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer Systems, in cooperation with SAE and JARI.
– IEC 61980‐1 Ed. 1.0 ‐ Electric equipment for the supply of energy to electric road vehicles using an inductive coupling ‐ Part 1: General requirements
– IEC 61980‐2 Ed. 1.0 ‐ Electric equipment for the supply of energy to electric road vehicles using an inductive coupling ‐ Part 2: Manual connection system using a paddle
– IEC 61980‐3 Ed. 1.0 ‐ Electric vehicle wireless power transfer (WPT) systems ‐ Part 3 specific requirements for the magnetic field power transfer systems.
• SAE International is currently in the process of developing a design standard, SAE J2954, Wireless Charging of Electric and Plug‐in Hybrid Vehicles. The standard will cover all equipment aspects of stationary charging, from grid to vehicle charging with a key focus on interoperability between the primary (charging mat) and secondary (pick‐up located on vehicle) when the two aforementioned components are manufactured by two different suppliers. The SAE taskforce is reviewing the state of the art of wireless charging (e.g., inductive, magnetic resonance) and compiling an interoperability study. An initial release of the document, which will be initially published as a guideline, is due out in 2013. The document will be a working document, as further research for this technology is currently underway, and it will become a standard for publication in 2015.
21
SAE J2954 Wireless Charging System Functional Elements
Source: SAE| Slide 22
Wireless Charging System Standardization (2)
• The IEEE Standards Association has initiated pre‐standardization activity related to electric vehicle wireless power transfer (EVWPT) focused on dynamic wireless charging in light of the range limitations of EVs and the costs of vehicle energy storage. This is intended to complement SAE J2954 which is centered on stationary charging.
• The IEEE will: – Develop a peer‐reviewed technology strategy
guideline and technology roadmap for the development of EVWPT infrastructure solutions (with respect to different use cases and covering both stationary and dynamic wireless charging) and a focus on future standardization needs;
– Develop a white paper for dynamic wireless charging which can be utilized as input for future joint IEEE/SAE standardization activities (considering both vehicle integration and infrastructure integration aspects).
Source: IEEE, KAIST OLEV23
Wireless Charging System Standardization (3)DKE GAK 353.0.1 WPT in Germany
• GAK 353.0.1: “Wireless charging of electric vehicles”– Scope: Fundamental Requirements for Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging– Participants: OEM and Inductive Charging Producers
Source: DKE24
Wireless Charging System Standardization (4)Broadband Wireless Forum and WPT‐WG in Japan
Source: WPT Sub‐Groups (August 2012)
25
Wireless Charging System Standardization Areas and Constraints• Interoperability Requirements
– Operating Frequency range– Magnetic interoperability– Vehicle to Charger communications– Pad Positioning on Vehicle and Ground– Availability of vehicle and base alignment
mechanism• Performance
– Power Levels– Efficiency Levels– Air gap and misalignment tolerance
• Constraints and Compliance Requirements– EMC regulations– Radiated emissions requirements– Foreign object detection
Source: SAE26
Wireless Charging System Alignment and Positioning(sample)
Different coil position in the survey possible depending on values of “c” and “e” Different coil position in the survey possible
depending on values of “d” and “e”Source: SAE27
Natural Gas CNG/LNG Vehicles Schematics
(A) flows into high‐pressure cylinders (B) When the engine requires natural gas, the gas leaves the cylinders and passes through the master manual shut‐off valve (C) The gas travels through the high‐pressure fuel line (D) and enters the engine compartment. Gas enters the regulator (E) which reduces the gas pressure used for storage (up to 3,600 psi) to the required vehicle fuel injection system pressure. The natural gas solenoid valve (F) allows natural gas to pass from the regulator into the gas mixer or fuel injectors. The solenoid valve shuts off the natural gas when the engine is not running. Natural gas mixed with air flows down through the carburetor or fuel‐injection system (G) and enters the engine combustion chambers where it is burned to produce power, just like gasoline.
ISO/PC 252 Project committee: Natural gas fuelling stations for vehiclesScope: Design, construction and operation of stations for fuelling CNG/LNG to vehicles; including equipment, safety devices and maintenance.
Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC)
28
Natural Gas CNG Fueling Infrastructure DevelopmentFast‐Fill CNG Station
Time‐Fill CNG Station
ISO 15500‐1~19 Define Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components
Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC), makers29
Natural Gas LNG Fueling Infrastructure Development
LNG Station
LNG dispensers deliver fuel to vehicles at pressures of 75 to 120 PSI. Because LNG is stored and dispensed as a super‐cooled, liquefied gas, protective clothing and gloves are required when fueling a vehicle.
ISO/TC67/SC0/WG10 ‐ LNG (liquefied natural gas) installations and equipmentScope: Standardization for installations and equipment for liquefied natural gas, excluding product or testing
Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC)
Source:http://newsroom.ryder.com/multimedia/photos
30
China Natural Gas LNG Refueling Infrastructure
According to the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), there were 1.48m natural gas vehicles (about 1.6% of total vehicles) operating in China by the end of 2012. Of this, LNG vehicles were slightly more than 70,000. Source: 中国LNG汽车网
LNG stations
31
Summary1. The Information Source for Alternative Fuels and Advanced
Vehicles– Setup a Alternative Fuels organization to provide information, data, and tools to help fleets and other transportation decision makers find ways to reduce petroleum consumption through the use of alternative and renewable fuels, advanced vehicles, and other fuel‐saving measures.
2. To initiate H2CHINA Fuel Cell Technologies a new public‐private partnership focused on advancing hydrogen infrastructure to support more transportation energy options for China market.
32
Contact information
Steve HsuBusiness Development Manager, ABBM: +886 955 919 073E: [email protected]
| Slide 33
• thanks
| Slide 34