Steel Wire Ropes

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Steel Wire RopesHandling | Classication | Security Factors | Uses and Recomendations


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Steel Wire Rope

Wire Rope is made up of steel wires, generally braided in a helix(spiral) forming units known as strands. The strands in the wirerope can vary in accordance with specic and desired properties.

Wires

Wires are produced by reducing the diameter of the base wire, af -ter passing through a series of dies and formers while have an axialforce applied to it.

The wire´s properties depend on its chemical composition, micro-structures, grain size, segregations and process conditions.

Wires comply with the required ASTM A 1007, JIS G 3525, API 9 A,RRW 410 F, ISO 2232 and other internationally recognized stan-dards.

Strands

Strands are formed by wires of the same or dierent diameters,twisted over a central core.

Core

The core or nucleus is the central axis of the wire rope, aroundwhich strands are wrapped. We use various cores, including steel,natural ber or synthetic.

Wire Rope

Group of strands twisted helically around a core or nucleus.

The wire rope and its Components:

• Wire• Strand• Core

Dimensions and Tolerances

The cable diameter complies with the tolerances established the following table:

TABLE 1

Wire rope

Diameter

in mm or in.

% Tolerance

No Load 5% MBL 10% MBL

≤ 10 (3/8”) +6

+2

+5

+1

+4

0

>10 (3/8”) +5

+2

+4

+1

+3

0

Diameter Measurement

CORRECT METHOD INCORRECT METHOD

• Correct Method: Place the measurement device on the widepart of the wire rope.

• Incorrect Method: This is not the wire rope’s widest diamete



3

Steel Wire Rope

RIGHT REGULAR LAY

Wires parallel to the wire ropes’ axis

Strands in diagonal towards the right

LEFT REGULAR LAY

Wires parallel to the wire ropes’ axis

Strands diagonal towards the left

Lay length

The lay of a steel wire rope is determined by the form in whichthe strands are rolled in the wire rope and the way the wires arerolled in the strands.

The length of lay of a steel wire rope is the linearly measured distance,from one point of the strand to another point on the same strand, af -ter completing a pass around the core of the wire rope (360°).

According to the direction of the strands over the core, they canbe to the right or the left.

According to the direction of the wires in the strands and the rollingof these over the core, the wire rope can be of two types: regular layor lang lay. These can also be rolled to the left or right.

Regular Lay: The position of the wires in the strands is opposite tothe direction of the wire rope, see following gures. This type of

conguration allows the wire rope to be compact, well balancedand with excellent stability.

Lang Lay: The position of the wires in the strands provides it with thesame direction of all the strands within the wire rope. This providesexcellent fatigue resistance as well as resistance to abrasion damage.

RIGHT LANG LAY

Wires diagonal to the wire rope’ axis

Strands in diagonal towards the right

LEFT LANG LAY.

Wires diagonal to the wire ropes’ axis

Strands in diagonal towards the left



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The wire ropes should not be stored in places that emit corrosvapors and should not be in contact with the oor.

Maintenance should be comprised of inspections, lubrication acleaning with regular frequency. Defects or irregularities should noted and rectied. The inspection should always include the staing point of the wire rope as well as its installed.

The inspection should always include the settling up of the termnals, with emphasis on the point of entry.

An adequate lubrication prolongs the useful life of a wire rope becauit reduces corrosion and abrasion caused by the friction of twire rope against the pulleys.

The frequency of lubrication depends on the following factors

• Retained lubrication from the manufacturing process• Elevator use• Security factor and working temperature

To install the wire rope in a winch or drum, it’s advisable to follow thefollowing instructions:

Before installing a new wire rope, the pulleys and drums shouldbe checked to insure they have no degradation or defects. Whena degradation or defect is found in the pulley and/or drums, this

should be replaced with new ones, matching the prole and di-ameter of the new wire rope.

Rotating or rotating the free end of the wire rope can cause thede-braiding of the wire rope.

The terminals and/or accessories cannot be removed or installedwithout making sure that the twist is maintained.

This transportation operation should be performed in such a wayas to completely avoid any possible of contact of between thewire rope and loading equipment.

Steel Wire Rope Handling

INSTALLATION

TRANSPORT

1

MAINTENANCE4

LUBRICATION5

2

STORAGE3



5

Steel Wire Rope Handling

MANIPULATION6

INCORRECT FORMCORRECT FORM



6

Steel Wire Ropes Classifcation

Steel Wire Ropes are classied by diameter, number of strands,type of core and construction.

The types of strands in wire ropes are:

1. SIMPLE CAP COMMON STRAND

The most common example of simple lay strand. Construction is com-

prised of seven wires. It has a central wire and six wires of the same diam -

eter that revolves around it. The most common composition is 1+6=7.

2. SEALE STRAND

Construction in which the last layer contains the larger diameter

wires than the interior strand, giving the strand more resistance to

abrasion. The most common composition is 1+9+9=19.

3. FILLER STRAND

This strand is distinguished by having ne threads that ll the existing

spaces between two wire layers. This type of strand is used when a largemetallic section wire rope is required with a good resistance. The most

common composition is 1+6/6+12=25.

4. WARRINGTON STR AND

This strand is characterized by having an exterior cap formed by wire

of two dierent diameters, alternating their position in the crown

The type of strand most commonly used is 1+6+6/6=19

5. WARRINGTON SEALE STRAND

This is a combination of the previous two strands and combines thei

best qualities: The conjunction of ne interior wires allows for exibility

while the exterior cap of wider diameter wires, gives resistance to abra

sion. The most common construction is 1+7+7/7+14=36

6x26 steel cable combines resistance to exing and abrasion, givin

good wire live during usage 1+5+(5+5)+10=26

Most Common Wire Rope Constructions

The physical and mechanical properties of the dierent constructiothat EMCOCABLES® manufactures are detailed in the followitables. These are taken using the ASTM1023 standard.



7

Classifcation

6X7 FibeR CoRe (FC)

Wire Rope Construction Strand Construction

Item Quantity Item Quanitity

Strands 6 Wires 5 to 9

External Strands 6 External Wires 4 to 8

Strand Layer 1 Layer Wires 1

Wires 30 to 54

TABLE 2

Diameter Approx Weight Minimun Break Load Diameter Range

in mm lb/ft kg/m IPS tons 1770 kN EIP tons 1960 kN Minin

Maxin

6 0.08 0.124 21.2 23.4 0.236 0.248

1/4 0.09 0.139 2.64 2.90 0.250 0.263

7 0.11 0.169 28.8 31.9 0.276 0.289

5/16 0.15 0.217 4.10 4.51 0.313 0.328

8 0.15 0.221 37.6 41.6 0.315 0.331

9 0.19 0.279 47.6 52.7 0.354 0.372

3/8 0.21 0.313 5.86 6.45 0.375 0.394

10 0.23 0.345 58.8 65.1 0.394 0.413

11 0.28 0.417 71.1 78.7 0.433 0.455

7/16 0.29 0.426 7.93 8.72 0.438 0.459

12 0.33 0.497 84.6 93.7 0.472 0.496

1/2 0.37 0.556 10.3 11.3 0.500 0.525

13 0.39 0.583 99.3 110 0.512 0.537

14 0.45 0.676 115 128 0.551 0.579

9/16 0.47 0.704 13.0 14.3 0.563 0.591

5/8 0.58 0.869 15.9 0.625 0.656

16 0.59 0.883 150 167 0.630 0.661

18 0.75 1.118 190 211 0.709 0.744

19 0.84 1.245 212 235 0.748 0.785

3/4 0.84 1.252 22.7 25.0 0.750 0.788

20 0.93 1.380 235 260 0.787 0.827

22 1.12 1.670 284 315 0.866 0.909

7/8 1.15 1.704 30.7 33.8 0.875 0.919

24 1.34 1.987 338 375 0.945 0.992

1 1.50 2.226 39.7 43.7 1.000 1.050

26 1.57 2.332 397 440 1.024 1.075

28 1.82 2.705 461 510 1.102 1.157

1 1/8 1.89 2.817 49.8 54.8 1.125 1.181

1 1/4 2.34 3.478 61.0 67.1 1.250 1.313

32 2.37 3.533 602 666 1.260 1.323

1 3/8 2.83 4.208 73.1 80.4 1.375 1.444

36 3.00 4.471 762 843 1.417 1.488

1 1/2 3.37 5.008 86.2 94.8 1.500 1.575

IPS = Improved Plow Steel EIPS = Extra Improved Plow Steel For ton/mt Multiply by 0.9072 For kg/mt Multiply by 1.488



8

Classifcation

6X7 Steel CoRe (SC)

Cable Construction Strand Construction

Item Quantity Item Quanitity

Strands 6 Wires 5 to 9

External Strands 6 External Wires 4 to 8

Strand Layer 1 Layers Wire 1Wires 30 to 54

TABLE 3

Diameter Approx Weight Minimun Break Load Diameter Range

in mm lb/ft kg/m IPS tons 1770 kN EIP tons 1960 kN Min

inMax

in

6 0.10 0.144 22.9 25.3 0.236 0.250

1/4 0.11 0.161 2.84 3.12 0.250 0.265

7 0.13 0.196 31.1 34.5 0.276 0.292

5/16 0.17 0.252 4.41 4.85 0.313 0.331

8 0.17 0.256 40.7 45.0 0.315 0.331

9 0.22 0.324 51.5 57.0 0.354 0.372

3/8 0.24 0.363 6.30 6.93 0.375 0.394

10 0.27 0.400 63.5 70.4 0.394 0.413

11 0.33 0.484 76.9 85.1 0.433 0.455

7/16 0.33 0.494 8.52 9.37 0.438 0.459

12 0.39 0.576 91.5 101 0.472 0.496

1/2 0.43 0.645 11.1 12.2 0.500 0.525

13 0.45 0.676 107 119 0.512 0.537

14 0.53 0.784 125 138 0 .551 0.579

9/16 0.55 0.817 14.0 15.4 0.563 0.591

5/8 0.68 1.008 17.1 18.8 0.625 0.656

16 0.69 1.024 163 180 0.630 0.661

18 0.87 1.296 206 228 0 .709 0.744

19 0.97 1.444 229 254 0.748 0.785

3/4 0.98 1.452 24.4 26.8 0.750 0.788

20 1.08 1.600 254 281 0.787 0.827

22 1.30 1.936 308 341 0.866 0.909

7/8 1.33 1.976 33.0 36.3 0.875 0.919

24 1.55 2.304 366 405 0.945 0.992

1 1.73 2.581 42.7 47.0 1.000 1.050

26 1.82 2.704 430 476 1.024 1.075

28 2.11 3.136 498 552 1.102 1.157

1 1/8 2.19 3.266 53.5 58.9 1.125 1.181

1 1/4 2.71 4.032 65.6 72.2 1.250 1.313

32 2.75 4.096 651 721 1.260 1.323

1 3/8 3.28 4.879 78.6 86.5 1.375 1.444

36 3.48 5.184 824 912 1.417 1.488

1 1/2 3.90 5.806 92.7 102 1.500 1.575




9

Classifcation

6X19 AND 6X36 (SC)


Item Quantity Item QuanitityStrands 6 Wires 15 to 26External Strands 6 External Wires 7 to 12Strand Layer 1 Layers Wire 2 to 3

Wires 90 to 154

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

Wire Ropes Strands

6 X 19 S 1-9-9

6 X 21 F 1-5-5F-10

6 X 26 WS 1-5-(5+5)-10

6 X 19 W 1-6-(6+6)

6 X 25 F 1-6-6F-12



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TABLE 4

Diámeter Approx Weight Minumun Break Load Diamter Range

in mm lb/ft kg/m IPS tons 1770 kN EIP tons 1960 kN EIP tons 2160 kN Minin

Maxin

6 0.10 0.153 22.7 25.1 27.7 0.236 0.250

1/4 0.12 0.172 2.94 3.40 0.250 0.265

7 0.14 0.209 30.9 34.2 37.7 0.276 0.292

5/16 0.18 0.268 4.58 5.27 0.313 0.3318 0.18 0.273 40.3 44.7 49.2 0.315 0.331

9 0.23 0.345 51.0 56.5 62.3 0.354 0.372

3/8 0.26 0.386 6.56 7.55 8.30 0.375 0.394

10 0.29 0.426 63.0 69.8 76.9 0.394 0.413

11 0.35 0.515 76.2 84.4 93.0 0.433 0.455

7/16 0.35 0.526 8.89 10.2 11.2 0.438 0.459

12 0.41 0.613 90.7 100 111 0.472 0.496

1/2 0.46 0.687 11.5 13.3 14.6 0.500 0.525

13 0.48 0.720 106 118 130 0.512 0.537

14 0.56 0.835 124 137 151 0.551 0.579

9/16 0.58 0.870 14.5 16.8 18.5 0.563 0.591

5/8 0.72 1.074 17.7 20.6 22.7 0.625 0.656

16 0.73 1.091 161 179 197 0.630 0.661

18 0.93 1.380 204 226 249 0.709 0.744

19 1.03 1.538 227 252 278 0.748 0.785

3/4 1.04 1.546 25.6 29.4 32.4 0.750 0.78820 1.15 1.704 252 279 308 0.787 0.827

22 1.39 2.062 305 338 372 0.866 0.909

7/8 1.41 2.104 34.6 39.8 43.8 0.875 0.919

24 1.65 2.454 363 402 443 0 .945 0.992

1 1.85 2.748 44.9 51.7 56.9 1.000 1.050

26 1.94 2.880 426 472 520 1.024 1.075

28 2.24 3.340 494 547 603 1 .102 1.157

1 1/8 2.34 3.478 56.5 65.0 71.5 1.125 1.181

1 1/4 2.89 4.294 69.4 79.9 87.9 1.250 1.313

32 2.93 4.362 645 715 787 1.260 1.323

1 3/8 3.49 5.196 83.5 96.0 106 1.375 1.444

36 3.71 5.521 817 904 997 1.417 1.488

1 1/2 4.16 6.184 98.9 114 125 1.500 1.575

40 4.58 6.816 1008 1116 1230 1.575 1.654

1 5/8 4.88 7.257 115 132 146 1.625 1.706

44 5.54 8.247 1220 1351 1489 1.732 1.8191 3/4 5.66 8.417 133 153 169 1.750 1.838

1 7/8 6.49 9.662 152 174 192 1.875 1.969

48 6.60 9.815 1452 1608 1772 1.890 1.984

2 7.39 10.994 172 198 217 2.000 2.100

52 7.74 11.519 1704 1887 2079 2.047 2.150

2 1/8 8.34 12.411 192 221 243 2.125 2.231

56 8.98 13.359 1976 2188 2411 2.205 2.315

2 1/4 9.35 13.914 215 247 272 2.250 2.363

60 10.31 15.336 2268 2512 2768 2.362 2.480

2 3/8 10.42 15.503 239 274 301 2.375 2.494

Minimum breaking force for nal-galvanized ropes10% lower than values listed. Note – To convert to kilonewtons (kN), multiply tons by 8.896



11

Classifcation

6X19 AND 6X36 (FC)

Typical Examples

Wire Ropes Strands

6 X 31 WS 1-6-(6+6)-12

6 X 36 WS 1-7-(7+7)-14

6 X 41 WS 1-8-(8+8)-16

6 X 41 SF 1-8-8-8F-16

6 X 49 SWS 1-8-8-(8+8)-16

6 X 46 WS 1-9-(9+9)-18



12

Classifcation

TABLE 5

Diámeter Approx Weight Minumun Break Load Diamter Range

in mm lb/ft kg/m IPS tons 1770 kN EIP tons 1960 kN EIP tons 2160 kN Minin

Maxin

6 0.09 0.140 21 23,3 25,7 0.236 0.250

1/4 0.11 0 .156 2,74 3,01 0.250 0.265

7 0.13 0.190 28,6 31,7 34,9 0.276 0.292

5/16 0.16 0.244 4,26 4,69 0.313 0.3318 0.17 0.248 37,4 41,4 45,6 0.315 0.331

9 0.21 0.314 47,3 52,4 57,7 0.354 0.372

3/8 0.24 0.352 6,1 6,71 7,38 0.375 0.394

10 0.26 0.388 58,4 64,7 71,3 0.394 0.413

11 0.32 0.469 70,7 78,3 86,2 0.433 0.455

7/16 0.32 0.479 8,27 9,1 10 0.438 0.459

12 0.38 0.559 84,1 93,1 103 0.472 0.496

1/2 0.42 0.626 10,7 11,8 12,9 0.500 0.525

13 0.44 0.656 98,7 109 120 0.512 0.537

14 0.51 0.760 114 127 140 0.551 0.579

9/16 0.53 0.792 13,5 14,9 16,3 0.563 0.591

5/8 0.66 0.978 16,7 18,4 20,2 0.625 0.656

16 0.67 0.993 150 166 182 0.630 0.661

18 0.84 1.257 189 210 231 0.709 0.744

19 0.94 1.401 211 233 257 0.748 0.785

3/4 0.95 1.408 23,8 26,2 28,8 0.750 0.78820 1.04 1.552 234 259 285 0.787 0.827

22 1.26 1.878 283 313 345 0.866 0.909

7/8 1.29 1.917 32,2 35,4 39 0.875 0.919

24 1.50 2.235 336 373 411 0.945 0.992

1 1.68 2.503 41,8 46 50,6 1.000 1.050

26 1.76 2.623 395 437 482 1.024 1.075

28 2.04 3.042 458 507 559 1.102 1.157

1 1/8 2.13 3.168 52,6 57,9 68,6 1.125 1.181

1 1/4 2.63 3.911 64,6 71,1 78,2 1.250 1.313

32 2.67 3.973 598 662 730 1.260 1.323

1 3/8 3.18 4.733 77,7 85,5 94 1.375 1.444

36 3.38 5.028 757 838 924 1.417 1.488

1 1/2 3.78 5.632 92 101 111 1.500 1.575

40 4.17 6.208 935 1035 1140 1.575 1.654

1 5/8 4.44 6.610 107 118 129 1.625 1.706

44 5.05 7.512 1131 1252 1380 1.732 1.8191 3/4 5.15 7.666 124 136 150 1.750 1.838

1 7/8 5.91 8.800 141 155 171 1.875 1.969

48 6.01 8940 1346 1490 1642 1.890 1.984

2 6.73 10.013 160 176 194 2.000 2.100

52 7.05 10.492 1579 1749 1927 2.047 2.150

2 1/8 7.6 11.304 179 197 217 2.125 2.231

56 8.18 12.168 1832 2028 2235 2.205 2.315

2 1/4 8.52 12.673 200 220 242 2.250 2.363

60 9.39 13.968 2103 2328 2566 2.362 2.480

2 3/8 9.49 14.120 222 244 269 2.375 2.494

Minimum breaking force for nal-galvanized ropes10% lower than values listed. Note – To convert to kilonewtons (kN), multiply tons by 8.896



13

8X19 AND 8X25 (SC)

Cable Construction Strand ConstructionItem Quantity Item Quanitity

Strands 8 Wires 15 to 26External Strands 8 External Wires 7 to 12Strand Layer

1 Layers Wire 2 to 3Wires in Cable 120 to 232

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

Wire Ropes Strands

8 X 19 S 1-9-9

8 X 21 F 1-5-5F-10

8 X 26 WS 1-5-(5+5)-10

8 X 19 W 1-6-(6+6)

8 X 25 F 1-6-6F-12

PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 8X19 PARALLEL LAYERS TABLE 6

Nominal DiameterApprox. Mass Min. Break Load corresponding to the nominal tension grade of the wires:

Fiber Cored Ropes

1570 N/Mm2 Single Tensile; 1370/1770 N/Mm

2. Dual Tensile.

Both Are Calculated Using A Single Tensile Of 1500 N/mm2 (kN)

1770 N/mm2 Simple Tension kNmm

(in)

Natural Fiber Synthetic Fiber

kg/100m kg/100m

6 13 12,7 17,8 21

8 22,2 21,7 28,1 33,2

10 34,7 33,9 44 51,9

11 42 41 53,2 62,8

12 55,6 54,5 54,7 64,4

13 58,6 57,3 74,3 87,6

16 88,8 86,8 113 133

19 125 122 159 187

22 168 164 213 251

Rope DiameterApprox

Circunference

MaximumStrand

Pitch Lay

ApproximateWeight

Nominal anAcceptanc

BreakingStrength

Nominal(ordered)

in

Maximum(ordered)

in

in 6 X 19

(lb/ft)8 X 19(lb/ft)

lb

1/4 17/64 3/4 1-11/16 0.10 0.09 3,600

5/16 21/64 1 2 -1/8 0.16 0.14 5,600

3/8 13/32 1-1/8 2-17/32 0.23 0.20 8,200

7/16 15/32 1-1/8 2-31/32 0.31 0.28 11,000

1/2 17/32 1-1/8 3-3/8 0.40 0.36 14,500

9/16 19/32 1-1/8 3-13/16 0.51 0.46 18,500

5/8 21/32 2 4-7/32 0.63 0.57 23,000

168 164 213 251

Classifcation



14

Classifcation

TABLE 7

Diameter Approx Weight Minumun Break Load Diameter Range

in mm lb/ft kg/m IPS Tons 1770 kN EIP tons 1960 kN EIP tons 2160 kN Min in

Maxin

6 0.11 0.161 22.7 25.1 27.7 0.236 0.250

1/4 0.12 0.180 2.94 3.40 0.250 0.265

7 0.15 0.219 30.9 34.2 37.7 0.276 0.292

5/16 0.19 0.281 4.58 5.27 0.313 0.3318 0.19 0.285 40.3 44.7 49.2 0.315 0.331

9 0.24 0.361 51.0 56.5 62.3 0.354 0.372

3/8 0.27 0.405 6.56 7.55 8.30 0.375 0.394

10 0.30 0.446 63.0 69.8 76.9 0.394 0.413

11 0.36 0.540 76.2 84.4 93.0 0.433 0.455

7/16 0.37 0.551 8.89 10.2 11.2 0.438 0.459

12 0.43 0.642 90.7 100 111 0.472 0.496

1/2 0.48 0.719 11.5 13.3 14.6 0.500 0.525

13 0.51 0.754 106 118 130 0.512 0.537

14 0.59 0.874 124 137 151 0.551 0.579

9/16 0.61 0.910 14.5 16.8 18.5 0.563 0.591

5/8 0.76 1.124 17.7 20.6 22.7 0.625 0.656

16 0.77 1.142 161 179 197 0.630 0.661

18 0.97 1.445 204 226 249 0.709 0.744

19 1.08 1.610 227 252 278 0.748 0.785

3/4 1.09 1.619 25.6 29.4 32.4 0.750 0.788

20 1.20 1.784 252 279 308 0.787 0.82722 1.45 2.159 305 338 372 0.866 0.909

7/8 1.48 2.203 34.6 39.8 43.8 0.875 0.919

24 1.73 2.569 363 402 443 0.945 0.992

1 1.93 2.877 44.9 51.7 56.9 1.000 1.050

26 2.03 3.015 426 472 520 1.024 1.075

28 2.35 3.497 494 547 603 1.102 1.157

1 1/8 2.45 3.642 56.5 65.0 71.5 1.125 1.181

1 1/4 3.02 4.496 69.4 79.9 87.9 1.250 1.313

32 3.07 4.567 645 715 787 1.260 1.323

1 3/8 3.66 5.440 83.5 96.0 106 1.375 1.444

36 3.88 5.780 817 904 997 1.417 1.488

1 1/2 4.35 6.474 98.9 114 125 1.500 1.575

40 4.80 7.136 1008 1116 1230 1.575 1.654

1 5/8 5.11 7.598 115 132 146 1.625 1.706

44 5.80 8.635 1220 1351 1489 1.732 1.819

1 3/4 5.92 8.812 133 153 169 1.750 1.838

1 7/8 6.80 10.116 152 174 192 1.875 1.969

48 6.91 10.276 1452 1608 1772 1.890 1.984

2 7.73 11.510 172 198 217 2.000 2.100

52 8.10 12.060 1704 1887 2079 2.047 2.150

2 1/8 8.73 12.993 192 221 243 2.125 2.231

56 9.40 13.087 1976 2188 2411 2.205 2.315

2 1/4 9.79 14.567 215 247 272 2.250 2.363

60 10.79 16.056 2268 2512 2768 2.362 2.480

2 1/2 10.91 16.230 239 274 301 2.375 2.494


Wire Ropes Produced in accordance with RR-W-410E Standards

The break loads for galvanized nish wire ropes, are 10% less than the values listed in this table.



15

18X7 (FC) AND 19X7 (SC)


Item Quantity Item Quantity

Strands 17 to 18 Wires 5 to 7

External Strands 10 to 13 External Wires 4 to 6Strand Layer 2 Layers Wire 1

Wires 85 to 126

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

Wire Ropes Strands

8 X 19 S 1-9-9

8 X 21 F 1-5-5F-10

8 X 26 WS 1-5-(5+5)-10

8 X 19 W 1-6-(6+6)

8 X 25 F 1-6-6F-12

Classifcation



16

Classifcation

18X7 AND 19X7 Steel CoRe (SC) TABLE 8

Diameter Approx Weight Minumun Break Load Diameter Range

in mm lb/ft kg/m IPS Tons 1770 kN EIP tons 1960 kN EIP tons 2160 kNMin in

Maxin

6 0.10 0.144 0.10 0.151 20.9 23.1 0.236 0.248

1/4 0.11 0.161 0.11 0.169 2.51 2.77 0.250 0.263

7 0.13 0.196 0.14 0.205 28.4 31.5 0.276 0.289

5/16 0.17 0.251 0.18 0.264 3.90 4.30 0.313 0.328

8 0.17 0.255 0.18 0.268 37.2 41.1 0.315 0.331

9 0.22 0.323 0.23 0.339 47.0 52.1 0.354 0.372

3/8 0.24 0.362 0.26 0.380 5.59 6.15 0.375 0.394

10 0.27 0.399 0.28 0.419 58.1 64.3 0.394 0.413

11 0.32 0.483 0.34 0.507 70.2 77.8 0.433 0.455

7/16 0.33 0.493 0.35 0.517 7.58 8.33 0.438 0.459

12 0.39 0.575 0.41 0.603 83.6 92.6 0.472 0.496

1/2 0.43 0.644 0.45 0.676 9.85 10.8 0.500 0.525

13 0.45 0.674 0.48 0.708 98.1 109 0.512 0.537

14 0.53 0.782 0.55 0.821 114 126 0.551 0.579

9/16 0.55 0.814 0.57 0.855 12.4 13.6 0.563 0.591

5/8 0.68 1.006 0.71 1.056 15.3 16.8 0.625 0.656

16 0.69 1.021 0.72 1.073 149 165 0.630 0.661

18 0.87 1.293 0.91 1.358 188 208 0.709 0.744

19 0.97 1.440 1.02 1.513 210 232 0.748 0.785

3/4 0.97 1.448 1.02 1.521 21.8 24.0 0.750 0.788

20 1.07 1.596 1.13 1.676 232 257 0.787 0.827

22 1.30 1.931 1.36 2.028 281 311 0.866 0.909

7/8 1.32 1.971 1.39 2.070 29.5 32.5 0.875 0.919

24 1.54 2.298 1.62 2.413 334 370 0.945 0.992

1 1.73 2.574 1.82 2.703 38.3 42.2 1.000 1.050

26 1.81 2.697 1.90 2.832 392 435 1.024 1.075

28 2.10 3.128 2.21 3.285 455 504 1.102 1.157

1 1/8 2.19 3.258 2.30 3.421 48.2 53.1 1.125 1.181

1 1/4 2.70 4.022 2.84 4.224 59.2 65.1 1.250 1.313

32 2.75 4.086 2.88 4.291 594 658 1.260 1.323

1 3/8 3.27 4.867 3.43 5.111 71.3 78.4 1.375 1.444

36 3.47 5.171 3.65 5.430 752 833 1.417 1.488

1 1/2 3.89 5.792 4.09 6.082 84.4 92.8 1.500 1.575

IPS = Improved Plow Steel EIPS = Extra Improved Plow Steel For Ton/Met. Multiply by 0.9072 For kg/mt Multiply by 1.488

Wire Ropes Produced in accordance with RR-W-410E Standards

The break loads for galvanized nish wire ropes, are 10% less than the values listed in this table.



17

8X36 Steel CoRe (SC)

Typical Constructions

Wire Ropes Strands

8 X 31 WS-IWRC 1-6-6+6+12

8 X 36 WS-IWRC 1-7-7+7-14

8 X 41 WS-IWRC 1-8-8+8-16

TABLA 9

DiameterDiameter Tolerance Nominal

Longitudinal MassMin. Break Load

Min. Max. 1770 1960 2160 IPS EIP EEIPmm in mm mm Kg/100m lb/ft kN kN kN kN tons kN tons kN tons8 8.00 8.40 26.7 40.3 44.7 49.2

9 9.00 9.45 33.8 51.0 56.5 62.2

(9.5) (3/8) 9.53 10.0 (0.27) 58.4 (6.56) 67.2 (7.55) 73.8 (8.3010 10.0 10.5 41.7 63.0 69.8 76.9

11 11.0 11.6 50.5 76.2 84.4 93.0(11.1) (7/16) 11.1 11.7 (0.37) 79.1 (8.89) 90.7 (10.2) 99.6 (11.2

12 12.0 12.6 60.0 90.7 100 111

(12.7) (1/2) 12.7 13.3 (0.48) 102 (11.5) 118 (13.3) 130 (14.613 13.0 13.7 70.5 106 118 13014 14.0 14.7 81.7 124 137 151

(14.3) (9/16) 14.3 15.0 (0.61) 129 (14.5) 149 (16.8) 165 (18.5(15.9) (5/8) 15.9 16.7 (0.76) 157 (17.7) 183 (20.6) 202 (22.7

16 16.0 16.8 107 161 179 197

18 18.0 18.9 135 204 226 24919 19.0 20.0 151 227 252 278

(19.1) (3/4) 19.1 20.0 (1.09) 228 (25.6) 262 (29.4) 288 (32.420 20.0 21.0 167 252 279 30822 22.0 23.1 202 305 338 372

(22.2) (7/8) 22.2 23.3 (1.48) 308 (34.6) 354 (39.8) 390 (43.824 ( 1 ) 24.0 25.2 240 363 402 443

(25.4) 25.4 26.7 (1.93) 399 (44.9) 460 (51.7) 506 (56.926 26.0 27.3 282 426 472 520

28 28.0 29.4 327 494 547 603(28.6) (1-1/8) 28.6 30.0 (2.45) 503 (56.5) 578 (65.0) 636 (71.5(31.8) (1-1/4) 31.8 33.3 (3.02) 617 (69.4) 711 (79.9) 782 (87.9

32 32.0 33.6 427 645 7 15 787(34.9) (1-3/8) 34.9 36.7 (3.66) 743 (83.5) 854 (96.0) 943 (106)

35 35.0 36.8 511 772 855 942

36 36.0 37.8 540 817 904 997

38 38.0 39.9 602 910 1010 1110

(38.1) (1-1/2) 38.1 40.0 (4.35) 880 (98.9) 1010 (114) 1110 (125)40 40.0 42.0 667 1010 1120

123041.3 43.3 (5.11) 1020 (115) 1170 (132) 1300 (146)44.0 46.2 807 1220 1350 1490

44.5 46.7 (5.92) 1180 (133) 1360 (153) 1500 (169)45.0 47.3 844 1280 1410 1560

47.6 50.0 (6.80) 1350 (152) 1550 (174) 1710 (192)48.0 50.4 961 1450 1 610 1 770

50.8 53.3 (7.73) 1530 (172) 1760 (198) 1930 (217)51.0 53.6 1080 1640 1810 2000

52.0 54.6 1130 1700 1890 208054.0 56.7 (8.73) 1710 (192) 1970 (221) 2160 (243)56.0 58.8 1310 1980 2190 2410

57.2 60.0 (9.79)60.0 63.0 1500 2270 2510 2770 1910 (215) 2200 (247) 2420 (272)



18

Below is the recommended factors comparing the assumed breakiload as compared to the established working load.

Security Factor

Selection of Non-Rotating Wire Ropes

There is no precise rule for determining when to utilize non-rtating wire ropes in the rst instance, it is important to considthe experience obtained with previously wire rope.

The variables that help determine this are:

• Lift height.• Wire Rope diameter.• Pulley diameter.• Number of Lines.• Pulley disposition.• Specic torque of the wire rope.

It is not recommended to use non-rotating wire rope when tload is guided. (rotational resistance)

Specic Precautions and Installation:

Due to its particular design, non-rotating wire rope presendierences in comparison to 6 lace wire rope. The form in whithey behave, degrade and break, diers in respect to all othconventional constructions.

RECOMMENDED SECURITY FACTORS

WIRE ROPE USES TIMES

Suspension Bridges 3 - 4Wire Rope for Cableway 3.5 - 5

Tractor Wire Rope 5 - 7

Hoisting Wire Rope 5 - 9

Wire Rope for Passenger Transport 8 - 12

Wire Rope for vertical applications 5 - 8

Wire Ropes for oil-eld service 8 - 12

Lift Wire Ropes 8 - 17

Winches Wire Ropes for winches 4 - 8

TABLE 10

Diameter in/mm Construction Min. Break Load Kgf Approx.

Weight g/m

1.0 1X7 GIP 210 95 4.6

3/64 1.2 1X12 GIP 230 105 6.0

1/16 1.6 1X12 GIP 400 180 13.0

1/16 1.58 1X19 GIP 400 180 12.0

5/64 2.0 1X12 GIP 525 239 19.0

5/64 2.0 1X19 GIP 525 239 19.4

1/8 3.17 1X32 GIP 1200 538 41

1/8 3.17 1X19 GIP 1653 750 47.5

COMMON APPLICATIONS

Sector Construction Sector Construction

MINING

6 X 7

LIFTING

8 X 19

6 X 19 8 X 25

8 X 7 8 X 36

6 X 26

CRANES

8 X 19

PETROLEUM

6 X 19 8 X 25

6 X 21 8 X 36

6 X 36

FISHING

6 X 7

6 X 26 6 X 19

6 X 26



19

The most common use of these wire ropes is in cranes in order tolift guided loads.

Recommendations for Installation and Use

Non-rotating wire ropes are very delicate and thus require specialcare during mounting, use and in the selection of maintenanceequipment. The following is a list of conditions and precautions thatshould be observed in order to use thenon-rotating wire rope:

• The diameters of the drum and pulleys used for 18x7 or 19x7

wire ropes should not be less that 40 times the diameter of thewire rope. A diameter equal to 54 times the diameter of the wirerope or greater is recommended.

• The 18x9 non-rotating wire rope should be used with pulleysand drums whose diameter should not be less that 25 times the

diameter of the wire rope. A diameter 36 or more times greateris recommended.

• Non-rotating wire ropes should always be under to tension,thus it is necessary to install a hook or counterweight in order tomaintain the wire rope taught even when there is no load.

• Rotating or spinning the load should be avoided because thattorsion, distortion will condition will reduce the useful life of thewire rope.

• The entry angle of the wire rope into a pulley should not begreater than 1.5°´.

• If the non-rotating wire ropes are to be mounted on a hoistingequipment, it is prudent to limit the legs to only two, due to thefact more legs cannot be used.

• It is recommended that the ties on the end of the non-rotatingwire rope be made of cast Zinc or any other metal for low fric -tion. The use of staples, in this case, is not a good practice be -

cause they allow slipping of the exterior laces (strands) over thecore, causing potential surface defects and internal deviations.

Wire Ropes for the Petroleum Industry

These recommendations apply to all wire ropes in general use

1. Use of Sling or Chains

When it is necessary to move the wire rope reel with slings chains, wood blocks should be used between the wire rope athe element used (to lift the roll) in order to prevent damage the wires or distortion to the strands in the wire rope.

2. Use of Bars

When bars are used to move the roll, these should be leveragagainst the edge of the roll, not the wire rope itself

3. Sharp objects

The Roll should not roll or fall or hard or sharp objects in suchway that can cause damage to the wire rope.

4. Falling

The roll should not be allowed to fall from the truck or platformthis can damage the wire rope or break the roll.

5. Mud, Dirt, Ashes

The roll should not come into contact with anything that ccause surface damage, rust or scratches as dirt, mud or ash.

Placing the roll on a pallet, will help to transport as well as prtecting the wire rope against damage

REEL HANDLING1



20

7. Excess of wire rope or dead caps

The number of dead caps or excess wire rope should be maintainin accordance with the equipment manufacturer’s standards.

8. New Wire Rope

When possible, the new wire rope should be carefully controlland monitored, under loads and speeds, for a short period aftinstallation. This allows the wire rope to settle into the work evironment.

The EMCOCABLES® manufactured SUPER B SHRIMP and SPER B FISH galvanized steel wire ropes for shing have beedesigned according to the heavy work loads shing ships carout, as well as the great power developed by these ships todaOur high quality thoroughly meets the demands of the modesherman’s most important work tool, high resistance, long lwire ropes.

The production of our shing wire ropes is meticulously montored during the drawing, galvanization, stranding and closiprocesses. The most rigid international standards are set for tproduction of our shing wire ropes. Our quality control is n

just limited to approving nal wires ropes, but to strict oversigduring each of the manufacturing processes. It is to this attetito detail that we produce shing cables of unbeatable quality.of the wires in our shing wire ropes are strong, resistant to tesion and heavily galvanized.

Together, these factors make our wire ropes resistant to corrsion, abrasion, deformation and yet still maintain a great exibity, an important requirement in this type of wire ropes.

The individual diameter of the wires and the geometric designthe strands have been technically and carefully calculated, thgiving the SUPER B shing wire ropes magnicent physical proerties.

The polypropylene center is specically designed for our shiwire ropes. It is dense, uniform and resistant to seawater. It hthe best characteristics of natural ber core strands but none the disadvantages.

HANDLING DURINGINSTALLATION

2

1. Thread Block

The blocks should be threaded without wearing against theslot in the pulley

2. Line changes and cutIts good practice during a line change to suspend the ying blockfrom the crown, in a single line. This tends to limit the amount ofrubbing over the guards or spacers, to diminish the formation ofbends. This practice is also very eective in the cutting procedure.

3. Tension

Tension should be maintained from the moment the wire rope isremoved from the roll in order to restrict its movement.

There should be enough tension in the wire rope in order to assurea good pay o and accommodation.

4. Threading with a rotating type clamp

It is recommended when a worn wire rope is going to be replacedby a new one, the use of a clamp to attach the new wire rope tothe old one is done.

It should not be welded onto the used wire rope in order to pull itthrough the system.

5. Twisting

There should be the utmost attention paid in order to avoid thetwisting of the wire rope, because the formation of a bend, cancause the entire wire rope, or a section.

6. Cleaning

The use of solvents can cause damage to the wire rope.

If the wire rope gets covered in dirt, sand or any other contami-nating material, it should be cleaned with a brush.



21

Wire Ropes for Fishing

DIAGNOSTIC CHART FOR FAULTS IN WIRE ROPES AND ITS CAUSES

Fault Symptom Possible Cause

By Shipping

Deformation of theWire Rope

• Excessive amount of wire rope on one roll to dispatch • Another transported roll hitting the cable • Falling of roll o of truck• Roll drum open

Bending and Coils • Rolling the wire rope over the roll in a loose manner

Mold • Decient Storage

ByInstallation

Bending and Coils• Improper braking or elevation of the roll • Throwing or dragging the cable around a post or sharp point• Improper transfer of wire rope from roll to spool

Excessive Abrasion • Improper functioning of friction caused by the equipment itself or other equipment nearby or in front

High or MountedStrands

• Improper weave, connection or grip • Utilization of nails or other objects between the strands

By Use

Deformation ofWire Rope

• Improper transfer between roll and drum • Overly compressed wire rope • Poor rolling on the spool• Blows to equipment

Bends or Coils• Jumping pulleys • Operation over small diameter pulleys• Pulling out on the wire rope when its loose and in line caused by being too open or too stretched • Poor rolling on the roll• Lifting the wire rope with a pointed object without protection • Broken rolls

Corrosion or Wet • Poor rolling on the roll lack of lubrication • Poor rolling on the roll uids or corrosive atmosphere

Exploded Core• Momentary compression force in the wire rope which pushes the strands• Colliding with uid in a well at high velocity • Rolling on small diameter drums • Squashing on the roll

Excessive Abrasion • Improper work. Tight or adjusted pulley mouth. • Poorly aligned pulleys. Presence of abrasive material

Broken Wires

• Fatigue by excessive turns over small diameter pulleys or contrary inclination• Formation of martensite caused by heating (friction with an object that causes sparks) • Sliding over a worn surface• Damaged core caused by overloading• Little wire rope mobility cause by stretch-throat pulleys • Vibrations caused by defected rolling• Excessive wire rope velocity • Broken pulleys or rolls • Corrugated pulleys

Spaces in theWeave

• Load suddenly dropped

Mounted Strands • Cut sharp elements, accessories, or unions located in the area



22

Wire Ropes for Fishing

PROBLEMS THAT CAN ARISE WITH PULLEYS AND THEIR SOLUTI ONS

Pulley Wire Rope Incidents, Causes Observations

Too Small Groove Normal

The wire rope fatigues rapidly becouse of brunt folds, which caused the outer

strands to deteriorate quickly. The strands of the wire rope attack the pulley

and draw a spiral print.

Replace the pulley.

A convenient pulley should have a relation

of 120 to 140° and the borders should

have an inclination of 40 to 50°Overly Wide Normal

The wire rope wears out due to the slidings and the inertia of the pulley, of a

false groove, and fatigues prematurely due to abrasion.

Groove Evidence by a

Mark EvidenceNormal

If the previous wire rope had left an impression on the bottom of the groove,

this can have a ling eect on the exterior wires of the wire rope.

Groove Evidence by a

Worn Side

Due to continuous excessive rubbing at a great deection angle or a

defective pulley – drum alignment.

Rectify the pulley or replace it well. Test

alignment

Deform Groove

A at spot on a point on the pulley creates a bump in the wire rope each

pulley revolution. The cumulative eects of this cause a constant fatigue on

the exterior strands and engenders a vibration.

Replace or rectify

Used Pulley New The wire rope eliminates old impressions and wears quickly.

Bearing or Axis of

Broken PulleyNormal

Provokes an oscillation and the cable whips around thus reducing its useful

life. The wearing of the axis tends to cause a false rotation in the pulley and

the wire rope fatigue, generally around the connection.

Replace the bearing or remount the axis

Poorly Rounded or

Coated PulleysNormal

The wire rope also whips around and the damaged face can remove itself

from use or at least rub together against the live edge, causing rapid wear.

Sti Pulley Normal The wire rope is worn by ling and produces grooves in the pulley.Re-grease the axes of the pulleys and mak

sure they spin freely

Notched Pulley Normal A Notch can destroy thewire rope. Change Wire Rope

Undulated Pulley

Overly Heavy PulleysHas a moment of inertia such that its movement doesn’t adjust to the wire

rope, and acts as a grinder against the exterior wires.Change Wire Rope

Normal Pulley Used

The diameter of the groove section results small, if a new wire rope is

mounted, it will be too loose in the pulley and brush the sides of the pulley,

deforming it and eventually destroying.

Too SmallThe wire rope, when isn´t tensioned, generally tends to atten, then it

deforms and eventually destroys.


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Steel Wire Ropes