Status Report on Status Report on Bottom-Tracking Bottom-Tracking ADCPs & ADPsADCPs & ADPs

David S. MuellerDavid S. Mueller

Office of Surface WaterOffice of Surface Water

Topics for PresentationTopics for Presentation

ADCP & ADP UsageADCP & ADP Usage BenefitsBenefits Applications Applications QA/QC EffortsQA/QC Efforts New DevelopmentsNew Developments

Profilers in the USGSProfilers in the USGS

1510

165RD InstrumentsSontek ADPNortek BoogieDopp

165 River Profilers = $4,100,000

BenefitsBenefits

Measures Profiles in the whole Measures Profiles in the whole cross sectioncross section

Doesn’t assume log velocity Doesn’t assume log velocity profileprofile

Handles bidirectional flowsHandles bidirectional flows

BenefitsBenefits

Less time and equipment on Less time and equipment on bridgesbridges

No lines in the water (debris risk No lines in the water (debris risk reduced)reduced)

Multiple deployment optionsMultiple deployment options

Typical Deployment Typical Deployment MethodsMethods

Tethered from CablewayTethered from Cableway

Maine’s Bank Operated Maine’s Bank Operated CablewayCableway

Alaska’s SeaplaneAlaska’s Seaplane

Maine’s Canoe Maine’s Canoe DeploymentDeployment

Remote Control Boat Remote Control Boat DemoDemo

SFWMD Remote BoatSFWMD Remote Boat

OceanScience R/C BoatOceanScience R/C Boat

Available NowMax. Vel. 5.5 fps

ApplicationsApplications

Measure Flow DistributionMeasure Flow Distribution Evaluate Aquatic HabitatEvaluate Aquatic Habitat Calibrate and Validate Numerical Calibrate and Validate Numerical

ModelsModels Visualize Flow FieldsVisualize Flow Fields Qualitatively Assess Suspended Qualitatively Assess Suspended

SedimentsSediments

Flow DistributionFlow Distribution

LEW REW

Ve locity(ft/s e c)

BARKLEY LAKE

Contour plot of thecros s -s e ctional ve locitie s inthe downs tre am dire ction (only)

Date : Nove mbe r16, 1998S tart Time : 1517End Time : 1610Dis charge : 14,600 cfsWate r S urface Ele vation: 354.5

RANGE (FT)

EL

EV

AT

ION

(FT

)

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

300

310

320

330

340

350

0.60.50.40.30.20.10.0

-0.1-0.2-0.3

CROS S -S ECTION AT CUMBERLAND RIVER (RM31.0)

LEW REW

Ve locity(ft/s e c)

BARKLEY LAKE

Contour plot of thecros s -s e ctional ve locitie s inthe downs tre am dire ction (only)

Date : Nove mbe r16, 1998S tart Time : 1517End Time : 1610Dis charge : 14,600 cfsWate r S urface Ele vation: 354.5

RANGE (FT)

EL

EV

AT

ION

(FT

)

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

300

310

320

330

340

350

0.60.50.40.30.20.10.0

-0.1-0.2-0.3

CROS S -S ECTION AT CUMBERLAND RIVER (RM31.0)

Flow Field Flow Field MeasurementsMeasurements

3.01E+06 3.015E+06 3.02E+06420000

425000

430000

109876543210

VELOCITY(FT/SEC)

Numerical Model Numerical Model ValidationValidation

X-Coord

Y-C

oo

rd

1031500 1032000 1032500

323000

323500

324000

Line 4

1 ft/s

Sacramento River at Delta Sacramento River at Delta Cross ChannelCross ChannelCourtesy of Randal Dinehart, California District

Survey Grid

Flow AnimationFlow Animation

Animation of Backscatter Animation of Backscatter ChangesChanges

QA/QC Efforts to DateQA/QC Efforts to Date Tow Tank TestsTow Tank Tests

Marginal success due to limits of tow tanksMarginal success due to limits of tow tanks

Efforts to Date -- Efforts to Date -- continuedcontinued

Discharge ComparisonsDischarge Comparisons Broadband tests: Morlock, 1996Broadband tests: Morlock, 1996 Rio Grande and RiverSurveyor tests: Rio Grande and RiverSurveyor tests:

Mueller, 2003Mueller, 2003Parameter Rio Grande RiverSurveyor Frequency (kHz) 1,200 600 1,500 3,000 Water Mode 1 5 1 5 N/A N/A Bin Size (cm) 25 5 50 10 50 25 Blank (cm) 25 25 40 20 Bottom Mode 5 5 N/A N/A Averaging 1 ping per

profile 1 ping per

profile 5-second profiles

5-second profiles

Sample DataSample Data

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

10:48 12:00 13:12 14:24 15:36 16:48 18:00

TIME (EDT)

DIS

CH

AR

GE

(c

fs)

RDI 1200 M1

RDI 1200 M5

RDI 600 M5

Sontek 3 MHz

Cup Meas. 1

Cup Meas. 2

Rating

Variation in Rio Grande Variation in Rio Grande Meas.Meas.

DE

VIA

TIO

N F

RO

M M

EA

N O

F A

LL

PA

SS

ES

, IN

PE

RC

EN

T

1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 2

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Kankakee R. at Shelby, INKankakee R. at Dunns Bridge, IN

Missouri R. at Hermann, MO

Mississippi R. at Chester, IL

1.9 2.3 1.71.0 2.42.21.7 1.01.20.7 1.0

Variation in Variation in RiverSurveyor Meas.RiverSurveyor Meas.

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

DE

VIA

TIO

N F

RO

M M

EA

N O

F A

LL

PA

SS

ES

, IN

PE

RC

EN

T

1 2 3 1 2 3 4

Kankakee R. at Shelby, INKankakee R. at

Dunns Bridge, IN

4.1 3.9 5.63.7 5.45.03.8

Variation in Bottom Track Variation in Bottom Track and GPSand GPS

BT GPS BT GPS

SITE AND NAVIGATION REFERENCE

-10

-5

0

5

DE

VIA

TIO

N F

RO

M M

EA

N O

F A

LL

PA

SS

ES

, IN

PE

RC

EN

T

Missouri River

GROUP 1 GROUP 2

BT BT GPS

Mississippi River

GROUP 1 GROUP 2

GPS

2.2% 2.3% 4.4% 1.7%0.7% 1.2% 1.0% 1.0%

600 kHz Rio Grande

Summary of ResultsSummary of Results

On average, all acoustic On average, all acoustic measurements were with 5% of measurements were with 5% of Price AA or ratingPrice AA or rating

Higher frequency units will detect a Higher frequency units will detect a moving bottom more often and will moving bottom more often and will require use of DGPS more require use of DGPS more frequentlyfrequently

COV was lower for RDI instrumentsCOV was lower for RDI instruments COV was higher when using DGPSCOV was higher when using DGPS

Efforts to Date -- Efforts to Date -- continuedcontinued

Velocity ComparisonsVelocity Comparisons Rio Grande: Gartner, 2002Rio Grande: Gartner, 2002

ADV

ADCP

MEAN VELOCITY PROFILES, DELTA MENDOTA CANAL, 1/24/02

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

90 95 100 105 110 115

Mean Velocity, in Centemeters Per Second

Dis

tanc

e B

elow

Sur

face

, in

Met

ers

ADCP 5 cm blank (11 cm)

ADCP 10 cm blank (15 cm)

ADCP 15 cm blank (21 cm)

ADCP 20 cm blank (25 cm)

ADCP 25 cm blank (30 cm)

ADV at 32 cm below surface

ADV at 36 cm below surface

ADV at 42 cm below surface

ADV at 46 cm below surface

ADV at 51 cm below surface

ADCP (sled boat) 15 cm blank (20 cm)

ADV at 30 cm below surface

ADV at 130 cm below surface

Current QA/QC EffortsCurrent QA/QC Efforts

Rio Grande TestingRio Grande Testing Water Mode 11Water Mode 11 Water Mode 12Water Mode 12 Bottom Mode 7Bottom Mode 7

RiverSurveyor TestingRiverSurveyor Testing New SoftwareNew Software Shallow-Water PingShallow-Water Ping Bottom-Track AlgorithmsBottom-Track Algorithms

Current QA/QC EffortsCurrent QA/QC Efforts

Flow DisturbanceFlow Disturbance Simple cylinderSimple cylinder Fully-developed Fully-developed

flowflow Approach velocity = Approach velocity =

4 ft/s4 ft/s Flow is from right Flow is from right

to left with a y-axis to left with a y-axis cutting plane at cutting plane at approximately the approximately the center of the center of the cylinder.cylinder.

Velocity Magnitude in ft/sec

4.0 4.1 4.2Velocity Magnitude in ft/sec

4.0 4.1 4.2

Current QA/QC EffortsCurrent QA/QC Efforts

GPS EvaluationGPS Evaluation

StreamPro Evaluation StreamPro Evaluation

Current QA/QC EffortsCurrent QA/QC Efforts

Number of PassesNumber of Passes

1 2 4 6 8

NUMBER OF PASSES

-10

-5

0

5

10

DE

VIA

TIO

N F

RO

M M

EA

N O

F A

LL

PA

SS

ES

, IN

PE

RC

EN

T

RD INSTRUMENTS

SONTEK

Future DevelopmentsFuture Developments

Phased Array Phased Array TechnologyTechnology 2.8 inches in 2.8 inches in

diameterdiameter 58 x 58 elements58 x 58 elements Replaces 4 Replaces 4

individual individual ceramicsceramics

Still in Still in developmentdevelopment

Next Generation ADCPNext Generation ADCP Dual Frequency Dual Frequency

Operation – For Operation – For shallow & deep rivers:shallow & deep rivers: 600 kHz for accurate 600 kHz for accurate

bottom tracking & deep bottom tracking & deep water profilingwater profiling

2400 kHz for high 2400 kHz for high resolution shallow water resolution shallow water profiling profiling

Flat face for Flat face for minimum flow minimum flow disturbancedisturbance

5” X 5” cylinder5” X 5” cylinder Interleave 2.4 MHz & Interleave 2.4 MHz & 600 kHz600 kHz

10 cm (10 cm (?? 2 m)2 m)

40 cm (> 2 m)40 cm (> 2 m)22––50 m50 m

2.4 MHz2.4 MHz10 cm10 cm0.60.6––2 m2 m2.4 MHz2.4 MHz5 cm5 cm0.30.3––0.6 m0.6 mFrequencyFrequencyBin sizeBin sizeDepthDepth

Interleave 2.4 MHz & Interleave 2.4 MHz & 600 kHz600 kHz

10 cm (10 cm (?? 2 m)2 m)

40 cm (> 2 m)40 cm (> 2 m)22––50 m50 m

2.4 MHz2.4 MHz10 cm10 cm0.60.6––2 m2 m2.4 MHz2.4 MHz5 cm5 cm0.30.3––0.6 m0.6 mFrequencyFrequencyBin sizeBin sizeDepthDepth

Next Generation Field Next Generation Field VehicleVehicle

Great morale Great morale builderbuilder

Great recruiting Great recruiting tooltool

No need to No need to maintain boatsmaintain boats

Built-in ADCP Built-in ADCP and computerand computer

?