Marine Chemistry Services

Calscience has been providing

analytical services in support of

marine chemistry studies and

remedial programs for over 15

years. These include dredging

projects, TMDL studies, sediment

capping investigations, and pilot

programs. Matrices range from

sediments to surface waters,

tissues, pore water, groundwater,

and soils.

STATEMENT of

QUALIFICATIONS

Analysis of Sea Water,

Sediment, Pore Water,

and Tissue Samples

For more information, please visit:

www.calscience.com

Company Profile

Main Laboratory

7440 Lincoln Way Garden Grove, CA 92841

(714) 895-5494

Marine Chemistry Laboratory 11380 Knott Street

Garden Grove, CA 92841 (714) 895-5494

Service Centers Northern California (Concord, CA)

Central California (San Luis Obispo, CA)

Gulf Coast (Houston, TX)

Contacts

Bob Stearns Vice President, Client Services

bstearns@calscience.com (714) 895-5494

Robert Clark Ph.D. Marine Chemistry Program Manager

bclark@calscience.com (714) 895-5494

Michele Castro Business Development Manager

mcastro@calscience.com (949) 870-8766

Chip Meador Gulf Coast Operations Director

cmeador@calscience.com (713) 817-5753

About Calscience

Founded in 1986, Calscience Environmental Laboratories, Inc. (Calscience) is an industry leader in environmental laboratory testing. We offer a comprehensive portfolio of analytical methods and our analytical expertise encompasses all environmental matrices including, air, groundwater, seawater, sediment, soil, wastewater and tissue. Calscience occupies nearly 70,000 square feet of laboratory and office space. We are a customer focused organization. Through the quality of our service and the loyalty of our clients, Calscience has grown to become one of the largest independently owned environmental testing laboratories, serving clients throughout the United States, Pacific Rim and South America.

Our goal is to meet or exceed the expectations of our customers in terms of quality and service.

Calscience focuses on servicing the environmental community,

not only to provide reliable data, but to help our customers

meet their goals in terms of project profitability and timely

completion. Our customers know that Calscience, more than

any other laboratory, will allow them to run their projects more

efficiently, save labor hours, and provide data and information

when they need it and how they need it. Stability, integrity, and

service; these are but a few of the reasons Calscience is valued

by our clients and why they keep coming back.

Calscience maintains several Service Centers in California, and one in Texas, to support projects on the West Coast and within the Gulf Coast region.

For more information, please visit:

www.calscience.com

Experience

Though most of the projects have been located in our home State of California, samples have originated from the Gulf Coast and oversees, including Hawaii, Guam, Japan, and Puerto Rico. We are well versed in the logistics for receiving samples from out of the country, and we hold a U.S. Department of Agriculture permit to receive foreign soil. Calscience follows regulatory guidance and protocol established by US EPA, USACOE, NOAA, Bight ’08, Bay Area DMMO, PSEP, and others. Calscience is accredited by NELAC and DoD ELAP, and is also a participant in inter-laboratory comparison studies for sediment and storm water administered through the Southern California Coastal Water Research Program (SCCWRP).

PROJECT EXPERIENCE

IR Site 7, Port of Long Beach

Installation Restoration Site 7 (IR Site 7) comprises about 700 acres of submerged land (sediments) in the Port of Long Beach’s West Basin and is adjacent to former Long Beach Naval Complex. For years, the area was used by the Navy for ship construction and repair. Discharges of fuels, oils and other organic and metals wastes have contaminated the sediment, resulting in the need for remedial action. Calscience was hired by Anchor QEA to perform chemistry testing of sediments as part of confirmatory sampling and construction management activities. Parameters included primarily Metals, Organochlorine Pesticides, PAHs, and PCBs. The project was challenging for the laboratory since much of the testing was performed on a Rush basis, including 24-hr turnaround times. Calscience provided courier services to the site.

Mission Bay Sediment Investigation

Calscience provided analytical services in support of the Mission Bay Ecological Monitoring Survey, initiated by the University of San Diego, and conducted by AMEC and Nautilus Environmental Consultants. The Survey focused on the chemical characteristics of marine sediments in Mission Bay, and in particular, on Metals, Organochlorine Pesticides, and PAHs.

San Diego Bay Channel-deepening Project

Calscience was retained by AMEC Earth and Environmental to provide analytical services for a marine sediment investigation, which was performed as part of a San Diego Bay channel-deepening project. Calscience was responsible for marine sediment testing portion of the investigation, and made determinations of TOC, Trace Metals, Total and Water-Soluble Sulfides, Ammonia, Organochlorine Pesticides, PCBs, TRPH, Organotins, Phenols, Phthalates, and PAHs. Calscience’s services included sample pick-up. All analyses were completed in five working days, as required by the client.

Okinawa Dredged Material Study

Calscience was retained by Weston Solutions to support a dredged material chemistry study for White Beach in Okinawa, Japan. The study consisted of bulk sediment chemistry, site water chemistry, and elutriates preparation and analysis. The elutriate preparation was performed in accordance with the Modified Elutriate Test (MET) as established in the USACE (Palermo, 1986). Only the dissolved concentrations of the target analytes were determined. Tests performed on all samples and matrices, as dictated by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, including PCB Aroclors, Organochlorine Pesticides, VOCs, Trace Metals, Hexavalent Chromium, Cyanide, Fluoride, Dioxins/Furans, Methyl Mercury, and selected Organophosphorus compounds.

PV Shelf Pre-Design / 07163.0030

Calscience was awarded a contract for sediment analysis in conjunction with the in-situ sediment capping program of the Palos Verdes Shelf in Los Angeles County, California. Part of the selection process was the laboratory performance on a PV Shelf Reference Material.

Over 2300 samples were received, spilt between two sampling events: November 16-20, 2009 and February 8-10, 2010. Samples were analyzed for EPA 8270C SIM DDTs, including DDMU and DDNU, EPA 8270C SIM PCB Congeners, TOC and Percent Moisture. Sediment compositing and homogenization was performed prior to analysis.

Calscience’s services include samples pick-up and laboratory testing. Data reports (PDF and ERPIMS EDD) were provided electronically via e-mail and uploaded into the Synectics/ITSI portal. Level IV data packages were provided for third party data validation on selected samples (determined by the client upon receipt at the lab).

Sediment samples and sample extracts were archived until the client’s data validation was complete.

PROJECT EXPERIENCE

Pier 8, San Juan, Puerto Rico

Working through AMEC consultants in Westford, Massachusetts, Calscience performed sediment and elutriate testing as part of a dredged material planning project in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Over 100 sediment samples were received, though only a fraction of the total samples were ultimately analyzed. The full range of Green Book parameters was determined, including Metals, Organochlorine Pesticides, PCB Aroclors and Congeners, and PAHs. A portion of the sediments was also included in an elutriate testing program, using the Dredged Elutriate Testing (DRET) protocol (DiGiano et al., 1995).

Santa Ana River Marsh Dredging Investigation

Calscience was retained by AMEC Geomatrix to perform marine chemistry testing of sediments and tissues as part of the planned dredging for the Santa Ana River Marsh restoration project. Calscience performed testing of 9 sediment samples per the Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) approved by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Sediment testing included the typical suite of tests prescribed by the Inland Testing Manual, including Metals, Organochlorine Pesticides, PAHs, PCB Aroclors and Congeners, and Organotins. Calscience also supported the bioaccumulation testing for this project, performing chemistry testing for 30 clams and 30 worm tissue samples, generated by Nautilus Environmental. Included in the work scope was duplicate testing of 10% of the samples, matrix spikes at a 5% frequency, and analysis of standard reference material. Tissue testing was completed within the 15 business day turnaround specified in the contract.

Ventura Harbor Maintenance Dredging

Maintenance dredging is performed at virtually all marine harbors and ports. This project was in support of planning and permitting for maintenance dredging at the Ventura Harbor Federal channel in Ventura, California. Calscience performed sediment chemistry testing in accordance with the Sampling and Analysis Plan prepared by AMEC Geomatrix, on behalf of the US Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District. Depending on the results of the geotechnical and chemical testing, the dredge sediments could be sent to local beach placement sites identified in the plan. Calscience performed chemical testing for a suite of parameters including Volatile Solids, pH, Ammonia, TOC, Sulfides, Oil & Grease, Organochlorine Pesticides, Organotins, PCB Aroclors and Congeners, and SVOCs including Phthalates, Phenols, and PAHs. Calscience also analyzed Standard Reference Material (SRM) as required in the SAP. Data was delivered in both PDF format and electronically in a two week timeframe.

Long Term Monitoring of the Sediment Cap of Former Campbell Shipyard, San Diego, California

Calscience is providing laboratory support for this post closure maintenance program being conducted at the former Campbell Shipyard leasehold, occupying 12.9-acres that extends into San Diego Bay. Calscience performs both sediment and ambient bay water and pore water sample analysis on a routine basis, plus bioaccumulation tissue testing every two years. Among the constituents of concern (COC) being tested are Trace Metals, TPH, PAHs, PCBs, and TBT. The limits of detection required are very low, requiring special sample preparation procedures. Calscience provides all testing containers and courier services to San Diego for the project.

Sea World Mission Bay Fireworks Monitoring

Calscience was a member of a consultant team charged with determining if there are adverse impacts to sediment and/or water quality resulting from the Sea World fireworks shows. Testing is performed on both Mission Bay sediment and seawater samples from 12 locations collected during each of three events. Constituents determined include Trace Metals, selected Phenols, Phthalates, and PAHs, Explosives, Perchlorate, and certain Nitrogen and Phosphorus compounds. Calscience provides all sample containers, courier services, and Level II data packages with EDD.

PROJECT EXPERIENCE

APL Terminal, Port of Los Angeles (POLA)

Analysis of POLA sediment and tissue for PAHs, PCB Aroclors, Pesticides and Metals following the Region 9 Green Book Dredged Material Guidelines. Calscience performed lab duplicates and matrix spiking on some project samples and homogenized all samples. Courier services, sample containers, standard Level II data packages, and EDD were provided by Calscience.

Port of Los Angeles, Southwest Marine Sediment Investigation

Calscience was retained by a third party consultant to provide baseline testing of marine sediments at the Southwest Marine lease at the Port of Los Angeles. Nearly 100 sediments were received, with the majority tested, and the remaining archived. The sediments were analyzed for Semi-Volatile Organic compounds, including Phenols, Phthalates, and PAHs, Pesticides, PCBs, Metals, Organotins, Total and Soluble Sulfides, Ammonia, TPH Carbon Ranges, Oil & Grease, and TRPH. Testing was conducted in accordance with the project Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP), as well as the EPA “Green Book”. In addition to sediment chemistry, sediment/seawater elutriates were prepared and analyzed. Sample data met all quality assurance objectives established for the project. Calibration, blanks, matrix spike, and surrogate determinations were all performed at the required frequencies, and were all within control limits. Calscience provided all sampling containers for the project and provided courier services for samples pick-up. The Level II final report included a case narrative that summarized the analytical effort, and identified any anomalies encountered.

Port of Los Angeles Enhanced Water Quality Investigation

Calscience was selected to participate in an Enhanced Water Quality Investigation of surface waters in the Los Angeles harbor for the Port of Los Angeles (POLA) through consultant AMEC Earth and Environmental. The data developed in this investigation will eventually be used for TMDL development for POLA. Samples will be collected quarterly for one year. Testing includes TPH, Pesticides, PCBs, SVOCs (Phenols, Phthalates, PAHs), Oil & Grease, TOC, and DOC.

AES Generating Station Mussel Tissue Testing

Calscience is providing metals testing for mussel tissues as part of a study being conducted by a Southern California consultant contracted by AES Corporation. Calscience shucks the mussels, and then homogenizes the tissues for analysis. Testing is performed using ICP/MS and metals are reported on a dry weight basis.

Dominguez Channel Estuary

Calscience was selected by Everest International Consultants and SAIC, working with Everest International, as consultants to the City of Los Angeles to provide analytical services in support of the creation of a hydrodynamic model of the Dominguez Channel Estuary. The overall goal of the project is to assist the RWQCB in determining pollutant transport throughout the watershed in supporting the creation of a TMDL for impaired water bodies within the watershed. Calscience’s testing included TSS, Hardness, Ammonia, Alkalinity, TOC, DOC, and Pesticides/PCBs.

Sediment Investigation, U.S. EPA – Palos Verdes Shelf

Working in support of Geomatrix Consultants, Calscience served as the principal laboratory for marine sediment testing as part of EPA’s continuing investigation of the feasibility of in-situ capping of DDT- and PCB-contaminated sediments on the Palos Verdes Shelf off the coast of Los Angeles. Calscience performed testing of sediments from sand borrow areas near Queen’s Gate near the Port of Long Beach as potential sources of cap material for the pilot project. Testing involved compositing of discrete samples, then analyzing of marine sediment for TRPH, Pesticides/PCBs, Ammonia, Sulfides, TOC, Metals, Oil & Grease, and SVOCs, among others.

PROJECT EXPERIENCE

Redwood City Marina Maintenance Dredging

As part of the engineering studies required for anticipated maintenance dredging of the Redwood City Harbor Channel, Calscience was retained by Weston Solutions to provide sediment, tissue, and elutriate testing. Initial testing was performed for a dozen sediments in accordance with DMMO protocol. Subsequent testing of 78 tissues (clams and worms) was performed as part of the bioaccumulation phase of the investigation. Elutriate testing was also performed, using the Modified Elutriate Testing (MET) protocol per USACE Vicksburg technical specification.

Convair Lagoon Tissue Testing

Working with a local consultant, Calscience was retained to determine the concentrations of PCB Aroclors and Metals in shrimp and snail tissues collected from Convair Lagoon. Each of the tissue samples was homogenized prior to analysis. The Convair Lagoon is a shallow embayment in San Diego Harbor which was capped to prevent the release of PCB contamination.

Marina del Rey Harbor Maintenance Dredging Project

Calscience was retained by Kinnetic Laboratories to provide analytical services as part of a sediment characterization study - a Tier III analysis on sediments from areas within Marina del Rey for possible placement at the Dockweiler State Beach nearshore reuse area. Calscience performed sediment chemistry testing for three composite samples, plus one Standard Reference Material (SRM 1944). Testing included a suite of parameters, including TOC, Trace Metals, Total and Water-Soluble Sulfides, Organochlorine Pesticides, PCBs, TRPH, Organotins, Phenols, Phthalates, and PAHs. Calscience’s services included sample pick-up. All analyses were completed in five working days, as required by the client.

CVN Wharf, Apra Harbor, Guam

As part of the Navy’s planned construction of a new deep-draft wharf in Apra Harbor, Guam to accommodate the current and next generation nuclear powered aircraft carriers, dredging will be needed. In 2011, Calscience in conjunction with Weston Solutions conducted a study to characterize the spatial distribution of sediment contaminants to identify potential environmental issues associated with the management of dredged materials. Sediment core samples were collected and tested to determine the chemical and physical characteristics of material to be dredged at the Lockwood Wharf, and the wharf’s approach area. The characterization of the material was in accordance with national (USEPA, NOAA, and USACE) and regional (USEPA Region IX and USACE Hawaii District) testing manuals. Sediment samples were analyzed for priority pollutants and other physical/chemical parameters, including metals, SVOCs, organochlorine pesticides, PCB Congeners and Aroclors, organotins, TRPH, Oil & Grease, ammonia, total and dissolved sulfides, TVS, TOC, grain size, specific gravity, and Atterberg limits. Results of the chemical analyses were compared to effects range low (ER-L) and effects range-medium (ER-M) values.

Oceanside Harbor Maintenance Dredging

Calscience supported Kinnetic Laboratories in an investigation of dredged material at the Entrance Channel, the Del Mar Channel, and the Oceanside Channel of Oceanside Harbor in Oceanside, California. The study was part of the Geotechnical and Environmental Investigation for the 2012 maintenance dredging and intended beneficial resuse of the material for beach nourishment at Ocean City Beach. Vibracore sampling was carried out to collect subsurface sediment data at 35 locations throughout the three channel areas. The 35 core samples were subject to composting for eventual chemical testing by Calscience. Contaminants of concern included metals, PAHs, organochlorine pesticides, PCB Congeners, and various other chemical parameters. Calscience provided courier services to Oceanside to receive the samples. Testing was performed in 10 business days.

PROJECT EXPERIENCE

Naval Base Point Loma Pier 180 Sediment Characterization

NAVFAC Southwest is intending to replace a 100 year old Fuel Pier 180 at Naval Base Point Loma and provide a new concrete pier located in deeper water that meets current regulatory standards. Calscience provided sediment testing for the necessary turning basin dredging effort in conjunction with this project. Full Green Book Tier III testing of three sediments was performed. Testing included TOC, Ammonia, Sulfides, Metals, TRPH, PAHs, Chlorinated Pesticides, PCB Congeners, Phenols, Phthalates, and Organotins.

Honeywell – New Jersey, Sediment & Elutriate Project

Working with Honeywell’s consultant, Calscience was recently retained to provide sediment and elutriate testing for a site in New Jersey. The elutriate preparation followed the Dredged Elutriate Testing (DRET) protocol established by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Unique to this project was the homogenization and mass determination of the sediment in a glove bag in order to avoid exposure of the sediment to oxygen. The elutriate testing included Metals determination for both the filtered and unfiltered supernatant.

For more information, please visit:

www.calscience.com

Dredged Material

Sediments represent both a source and sink for persistent aquatic contaminants. Contaminants in

sediment can harm aquatic organisms and, in some cases, accumulate in their tissues. Aquatic feed webs

are complex compared to terrestrial ecosystems. Managing contaminated sediments can be challenging

both technically and politically, and costs can be significant.

Dredging operations can be routine, such as waterway maintenance dredging, and non-routine, as with

spills or other remediation projects. Dredging operations of any kind are regulated primarily by the U.S.

EPA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. State and local governments can also ‘layer-on’ special

requirements. Most dredging operations require some sort of bulk sediment chemistry testing, and

perhaps tissue, water quality, and biological testing. The kind and complexity of this testing are dictated by

a host of factors, including the type of disposal anticipated, that being either open water (in-bay or open

ocean) or upland disposal.

Dredged material disposal is the primary environmental concern from dredging operations. Regulation of

dredged material disposal in the U.S. dates back to 1972 with the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.

Over the past 20 years, a series of guidance documents have been developed by the U.S. EPA and U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers. These documents call out specific testing protocol for dredged spoils, and can

include:

Bulk sediment physical/chemical analysis

Bioaccumulation (tissue) testing

Elutriate testing

Water column toxicity (biological)

Benthic toxicity (biological)

Calscience has been performing sediment chemistry testing in

support of dredging operations for more than 15 years. The U.S.

is a maritime nation. An estimated 95% of our international

trade moves through our ports. Maintenance dredging is

routinely performed to keep waterways open. And, as the

maritime industry seeks more efficiency and lower costs, cargo

carriers are building ever larger ships. To accommodate these

deep draft ships, ports and waterways are being dredged to

depths not imagined in pre-container times. Disposing of these

dredged materials presents environmental challenges.

For more information, please visit:

www.calscience.com

Dredged Material (cont.)

Bulk sediments from urban ports and waterways pose significant testing challenges, owing to high levels

of petroleum and other contaminants, and the low target detection limits often required. Constituents

of concern (COC) can include, but are not limited to, the following parameters:

Parameter Method(s)

Organochlorine Pesticides EPA 8081 or GC/MS/MS (Triple Quad)

PCB Congeners EPA 8082, 8270C SIM, GC/MS/MS or 1668A (HRCC/HRMS)

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) EPA 8270C, 8270C SIM, or GC/MS/MS (Triple Quad)

Organotins - TBT EPA 8270C SIM

Pyrethroid Pesticides GC/MS/MS (Triple Quad)

Metals EPA 6020

Mercury EPA 7471A or 1631E

Dioxins & Furans EPA 1613 or 8290

For more information, please visit:

www.calscience.com

Dredged Material - Bioaccumulation

Substantial empirical data exists to correlate sediment

contaminant levels to animal toxicity. Sediment

disposal criteria, and resulting disposal decisions, are

based on this database and exposure threats.

In some areas, high sediment contaminant

concentrations can ‘trigger’ an additional

bioaccumulation investigation, or tissue chemistry

testing. Tissue testing is the most direct method of

determining if COCs are available to organisms.

Organisms generally include clams and worms, and are

placed into contaminated sediments for a prescribed

period of time for exposure to occur. Following

exposure, the animals are harvested and tissues testing

for applicable chemical constituents.

Tissues present unique challenges to testing

laboratories, primarily from lipids present. Following

extraction of the tissues, special cleanup procedures

are employed to rid the extract of these large fat

molecules and other non-target compounds and

interferences. Some of these cleanup procedures are

listed below.

Types of Clean-up Procedures

Adsorption (Alumina, Silica Gel, Florisil)

Size Separation (GPC)

Sulfur Cleanup

Acid/Base Partitioning

Carbon/PSA

Another challenge is the limited mass of tissue

available. Calscience has developed techniques that

use a ‘combined’ extract that allows for multiple

analyses from a single extract. For example, a single

ten gram tissue aliquot is used for PCB Aroclors, PCB

Congeners, Organochlorine pesticides, and % lipids.

Evaluating the environmental consequences of

contaminant bioaccumulation is a complex

technical and regulatory problem. In part, this

complexity results from the fact that

bioaccumulation is a measurable

phenomenon, rather than an effect. Merely

identifying the presence of a chemical

substance in the tissues of an organism, for

example, following a bioaccumulation test, is

not sufficient information to conclude that the

chemical will produce an adverse effect.

Many chemical substances have the potential

to produce adverse effects (i.e., toxicity) The

likelihood that a chemical substance in the

tissues of an organism will produce an adverse

effect is a function of the physical and

chemical properties of the substance, the

concentration of the chemical in the tissues of

the organism, and the length of time the

organism is exposed to the compound.

Because environmental contaminants vary so

widely in their potential to produce toxicity,

contaminant-specific information must be

used to reach a determination regarding the

potential for a bioaccumulated substance to

produce adverse effects.

For more information, please visit:

www.calscience.com

Dredging Projects -Elutriates

Finally, dredging programs can impact water

quality from either open water disposal or upland

disposal. Elutriate tests are designed to measure

and predict the release of contaminants to the

water column resulting from dredging

operations. Elutriate tests involve the mixing of

site sediment and overlying water, and testing of

the supernatant. There are four common

elutriate tests referenced in dredge disposal

guidance documents, including:

SET (Standard Elutriate Test)

EET

MET

DRET

The SET is the simplest of the four and is

intended to simulate the release of dissolved

constituents into the receiving water during open

water disposal. The MET and EET are designed to

predict the quality of water discharged as

effluent from a confined disposal facility. These

procedures, diagramed below, are more

complex, and add an aeration step, among

others. The DRET estimates the contaminant

release from sediments due to re-suspension at

the point of dredging (dredging induced re-

suspension).

Schematic of Modified Elutriate Test

If contaminants are present in sediment but not chemically nor biologically available, they should not be

included in the calculation of risk. After all, receptor organisms must assimilate the contaminants in order

to be harmed by them. In other words, contaminants must be bioavailable for consequences to occur.

Identification of bioavailable contaminants in sediment is key.

Research suggests that sediment pore water, or interstitial water,

chemistry is a better indicator of bioavailability than bulk

sediment chemistry. Efforts now focus on identifying optimal

methods of pore water collection and analysis. Pore water

collection can be performed both in the field and in the

laboratory. The laboratory- based approaches commonly include

centrifugation of sediment brought from the field. Calscience has

special centrifuges capable of holding more than a kilogram of

sediment in each spin cycle.

For more information, please visit:

www.calscience.com

Sediment Risk Assessment and Bioavailability

In recent years, researchers have established that, in some cases, the toxicity criterion that is applied to

contaminant concentrations in sediments is far too conservative. That is, the relationship between

contaminant concentrations in sediment and the risk from exposure is not linear. There are studies that

show little or no correlation exists between sediment contaminant levels and toxicity or bioaccumulation

risks (see graph below).

Mercury Bioaccumulation in Clams

Hg

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n in

pp

m

For detailed information visit the IRTC website: http://www.itrcweb.org/contseds-bioavailability/consed_4.htm

In-situ techniques are viewed as superior to ex-situ, since having less sampling and/or extraction related

effects on pore water chemistry. The standard approach is to bury devices into sediments, allow time for

equilibration or adsorption, then removal and analysis. These devices either collect actual pore water

samples, or adsorb pore water contaminants onto another media. These devices include Peepers, SPME

fibers, and PEDs. Calscience has considerable experience with SPME devices.

Source: Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council (ITRC)

Calscience has also developed another bioavailability tool that has a long track record of success in the

industry, and is performed on bulk sediments rather than pore water. Acid Volatile Sulfide and

Simultaneously Extracted Metals (AVS/SEM) is used to predict metal bioavailability in anoxic sediments.

Conceptually, sulfides present in sediment react with divalent metals to form insoluble metal sulfides. This

renders the metals unavailable for biological assimilation. The method calls for two separate tests (AVS

and SEM), and a ratio of the two results determines bioavailability.

Calscience continues to evaluate these and other predictive methods to provide its clients with reliable risk

management support.

For more information, please visit:

www.calscience.com

Sediment Risk Assessment and Bioavailability (cont.)

For more information, please visit:

www.calscience.com

Advanced Technology

Calscience has invested in advanced instrumentation to meet the unique challenges of marine chemistry

testing. Dual Agilent 7000A Triple Quadrapole (QQQ) GC-MS systems provide robust GC-MS technology for

the analysis of Organochlorine Pesticides / PCBs / PAHs / Pyrethroids at trace levels in marine biota

extracts. Despite established extraction and clean-up techniques, the extracted tissue samples still contain

large amounts of matrix materials. These materials not only interfere with the quantitative analysis when

using Selective Ion Mode on a single quadrapole GC-MS system, but can also cause problems with both the

liner and GC column, leading to retention time shifts and contamination of the GC-MS system. The Agilent

7000A QQQ GC-MS system in combination with capillary flow technology (back flushing) and the

Multimode Inlet System reduces interference, and maximizes up-time by removing high boiling point

matrix materials between each injection to keep the chromatographic system and ion source cleaner.

Calscience has developed methods that employ Solid

Phase Micro Extraction (SPME), a solventless

alternative to conventional sample extraction

techniques. In SPME, tiny coated fibers are inserted

into an aqueous sample matrix, such as pore water.

Upon agitation, analytes are transferred from the bulk

sample to the fiber. The fiber is then introduced

directly into the analytical instrument for analysis.

SPME has shown promise for trace level Semivolatile

determinations for aqueous samples of limited volume

(e.g. 10 mls), and for in-situ pore water monitoring.

Solid Phase Micro Extraction System

Dual Agilent 7000A Triple Quadrapole GC-MS system

Several procedures are used to overcome the matrix challenges for meeting low-level reporting limits for

metals. Calscience offers EPA Method 1631, using Purge & Trap Atomic Fluorescence for low-level

Mercury, and EPA 1640 for the determination of trace elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma — Mass

Spectrometry (ICP/MS). Reductive precipitation technique, followed by analysis by ICP-MS can also be used

to remove interfering matrix components.

Title Relevant Experience

Steven Lane - Vice President, Laboratory Director Education

M.S. 1987, Environmental Engineering

M.S. 1976, Chemistry

B.S. 1974, Chemistry

As Laboratory Director, Mr. Lane is responsible for the oversight of the operations and fiscal management within the laboratory. These oversight responsibilities include instrument acquisition, QA and QC activities, production, instrument maintenance activities, business development activities, certification/accreditation activities, training, and health and safety.

As one of the founders of Calscience, Mr. Lane has over 28 years of experience in commercial analytical laboratory operations. His experience includes:

Quality Assurance/Quality Control Analytical Methods/Method Development EPA/DOHS/NIOSH/CARB/OSHA/SCAQMD Analytical Protocols Analytical Data Interpretation Analytical Instrumentation Capabilities and Limitations Analytical Corrective and Preventive Maintenance Personnel Training Regulatory Requirements

Mr. Lane designed, procured equipment, and performed method development for Calscience's Air Toxics division. This has included the initial configuration and set up of GC/MS/DSs with cryogenic concentrators/focusing instrumentation as well as the specific configuration of GC's for air analyses. More recently, Mr. Lane was a key contributor in the establishment of the new LC/MS/MS instrument to be used in explosives and low-level perchlorate determinations.

Additionally, Mr. Lane has had substantial engineering project management experience, specifically in toxic/hazardous waste management, site investigatory and remediation work, and underground storage tank projects.

Robert Stearns - Vice President, Client Services

Education

M.B.A. 1985

M.S. 1980, Environmental Engineering

B.S. 1978, Biological Sciences

As a Director for Cascience, Mr. Stearns is responsible for Marketing and Project Management/Client Service activities for the firm. Mr. Stearns also serves as Project Manager for major, complex laboratory programs, involving sophisticated deliverables, multiple parties, and/or short timeframes for completion.

Mr. Stearns has in excess of 30 years of experience in environmental engineering, landfill systems design, site investigations, source emissions testing, marine sediment testing, and analytical laboratory management.

Over the past fifteen years, Mr. Stearns has lead the development of Calscience’s marine chemistry capability. Beginning with local Port dredging projects, he and the technical staff at Calscience developed and implemented cleanup procedures and method modifications to specifically deal with sediments and the testing challenges they pose. The staff developed the special expertise necessary to perform complex ultra-trace analyses, and added advanced specialized instrumentation. Mr. Stearns has managed dozens of marine

For more information, please visit:

www.calscience.com

Key Staff Experience Summaries

In view of the unique challenges posed by marine chemistry, Calscience has established a dedicated analytical and project management team led by Bob Clark, Ph.D. and backed by veteran technical and quality assurance directors and managers.

chemistry projects over the years, including dredging and dredged material disposal, remedial investigations and design, such as sediment capping, and TMDL studies. In the past two years, Mr. Stearns managed the build out of a new marine chemistry laboratory, a 10,000 s.f. state-of-the-art building dedicated to the analysis of difficult marine matrices, including sediments, pore waters, and tissues. Though Mr. Stearns is no longer managing projects day-to-day, he does have oversight of all marine chemistry projects, reviewing SAPs and consulting on project designs, working with Calscience Project Managers, and preparing bids and proposals.

Mr. Stearns is a co-chair of the Global Environmental Science Academy (GESA) sponsored by the Port of Los Angeles. This program serves to educate ethnically and economically diverse urban youth in critical thinking and problem solving, while providing environmental vocational and academic options to ensure transition to the future as responsible adults. Prior to joining Calscience, Mr. Stearns served as Executive Vice President of CTL Environmental Services. CTL is an environmental engineering and laboratory services firm. In this capacity, Mr. Stearns was responsible for all administrative and marketing functions of the firm. He also served as reviewing principal for environmental engineering and source emissions testing projects. Mr. Stearns' experience also includes tenure as Executive Vice President of Lockman & Associates, a consulting civil and environmental engineering firm. In this role, Mr. Stearns directed the environmental engineering division activities, including project management and marketing activities. Projects ranged from landfill engineering and gas migration control, to groundwater monitoring and treatment. Mr. Stearns also served as project manager for landfill related projects at Lockman for five years.

Mr. Stearns has co-authored one book and six technical publications.

Jill Henes, Ph.D. - Quality Assurance Director

Education

MBA 1984

Ph.D. 1976 Chemistry

MS 1974 Chemistry

BS 1972, Chemistry

PMP 2011, Project Management Professional

In her capacity as Quality Assurance Director, Dr. Henes is responsible for the design and execution of an effective Quality Assurance Program to assure the reliability of data generated in the laboratory. This includes implementation of QA policies, assistance in maintaining regulatory compliance, approval of SOPs, conducting in-house data and systems audits, and training laboratory staff about Quality Assurance principles and requirements. She is also responsible for directing the activities associated with obtaining and maintaining certifications from State and Federal agencies, ensuring that required Performance Testing samples are analyzed and submitted on time in support of the various certification programs, and for maintaining an appropriate laboratory wide document control system to ensure that all data generated by Calscience the clients meets quality standards and serves the purposes of the end user.

Dr. Henes has more than thirty years of experience of analytical/quality assurance experience. She has twelve years of experience performing analyses for organic and inorganic contaminants, managing GC and Dioxin Programs, managing large projects for industrial clients, and directing research and method development activities. In addition, she has fourteen years of experience as the Managing Principal of Environmental Standards-West, Inc./Veridian Environmental, Inc. in Davis, California, where she directed the business development, managerial, and technical aspects of the operation, provided consulting services, and managed the technical staff, and six years of experience as a Principal Chemist and AAS Product Line Manager at Laboratory Data Consultants, Inc. where she provided consulting services and managed a team of programmers and sales people in developing and marketing the Automated Audit Software/Performance Testing Software.

Dr. Henes is a recognized expert in the fields of organic and inorganic quality assurance and dioxin/furan analysis.

Linda Scharpenberg -Technical Director

Education

M.B.A. 2001

B.S. 1990 Environmental & Occupational Science Specialized Training / Certifications:

40 hour HAZWOPER

EPA and CAL EPA Hazardous/Toxic Waste Management

US DOT - Hazardous Materials

Ms. Scharpenberg has more than 17 years of experience in the environmental laboratory industry applying analytical and QA/QC theories, principles, and practices to environmental testing. She has extensive hands-on experience in the laboratory with Quality Assurance/Control, auditing, method development, sample preparation, analysis, data reduction, laboratory safety and employee management. She supplements her laboratory knowledge with three years of field experience in the environmental industry.

As Technical Director, Ms. Scharpenberg acts as an intermediary and technical resource to both the operations and the quality assurance areas of the laboratory. Ms. Scharpenberg is responsible for the training and development of staff, technical data review, problem investigation and troubleshooting, corrective action implementation, as well as the oversight and management of DOD and other large client programs.

Prior to accepting the Sr. Technical Manager position, Ms. Scharpenberg held other management positions within the industry including Quality Assurance Manager, Customer Service Manager, Health & Safety Coordinator and Organics Department Manager. She spent seven years at the bench level gathering extensive experience with EPA, SM and ASTM methods as well as AFCEE, NFESC and USACE program requirements.

Robert R. Clark, Ph.D. - Program Manager – Marine Science Operations

Education

Ph.D., 1981 Environmental Science in Civil Engineering

M.S. 1978, Environmental Engineering in Civil Eng.

B.S. 1976, Chemistry

Dr. Clark is responsible for providing guidance, technical expertise and management of the marine chemistry laboratory operations including; development of new methods, supervision of analysts, and managing laboratory budget.

Dr. Clark has over 37 years of professional experience in the environmental testing industry. Dr. Clark was formerly the owner and Laboratory Director of Centrum Analytical Laboratories in Riverside, California, and he assumed the role of Technical Director when Microbac Laboratories, Inc. purchased Centrum Analytical in 2008. Prior roles included Laboratory Director at Geotest, and Manager of Research and Development at Montgomery Laboratories. Bob received his Ph.D. in Environmental Science at the University of Illinois. His thesis work investigated the degradation of PCB homologues.

Dr. Clark has expertise in the operation and maintenance of a multitude of instrumentation including the state-of-the-art Agilent 7000A Triple Quadrupole GC/MS system.

Danielle Gonsman - Project Manager

Education

B.S. 2002, Biology

Ms. Gonsman has served as Project Manager for virtually all marine science projects over the past four years with Calscience. As Project Manager, Ms. Gonsman oversees all laboratory functions for a given project. This includes ensuring that arriving samples are intact and are logged in correctly, tracking of analytical functions, preparing case narratives, and ensuring that final lab results are complete, correct and delivered on-time to clients. For major projects, Ms. Gonsman will prepare Quality Assurance Project Plans (QAPP) which spell out program objectives and expected laboratory performance. Additionally, Ms. Gonsman is responsible for reviewing invoices to ensure accuracy. She is also available for any technical questions that may arise from a given set of data set.

Ms. Gonsman has served as Project Manager for virtually all marine science projects over the past four years with Calscience. Prior to joining Calscience, Ms. Gonsman served as GC/MS Supervisor / Analyst for CRG Marine Laboratories, an environmental laboratory specializing in marine sciences.

Calscience embraces the concept of a central laboratory facility supported by Service Centers in

strategic locations. We continue to expand our coverage adding additional State certifications. We are

committed to opening Service Centers for ease of access in key locations as opportunities arise.

Calscience is experienced with international shipping & logistics. Our current U.S State certifications

are shown below.

In addition to State certifications, Calscience is also accredited by the National Environmental

Accreditation Program (NELAP) and the Department of Defense Environmental Laboratory

Accreditation Program (DoD ELAP). Calscience accepts and analyzes samples from other U.S. States,

Territories and Foreign Entities which do not have formal certification programs (for other than Drinking

Water compliance monitoring work).

For more information, please visit:

www.calscience.com

Geographic Coverage