StateState Hydrological Hydrological Institute, St. Petersburg, Institute, St. Petersburg,

RussiaRussia

Available Available in-situ in-situ data over the data over the

Volga-1 sub-basinVolga-1 sub-basin

Available Available datadata and and periodsperiods

• Landscapes dynamics – from 1950 to Landscapes dynamics – from 1950 to 1995(98) for every 2 to 5 years1995(98) for every 2 to 5 years

• Evaporation for a warm period – from 1960 Evaporation for a warm period – from 1960 to 1985(1992):to 1985(1992):– Pan evaporation – for every monthPan evaporation – for every month– Actual evaporation – for every 10 days Actual evaporation – for every 10 days

• Precipitation – from 1960 to 1985 for every Precipitation – from 1960 to 1985 for every 10 days (4-9 months)10 days (4-9 months)

• Soil moisture – for om 1970 to 2000 for Soil moisture – for om 1970 to 2000 for every 10 days (4-9 months) and for every every 10 days (4-9 months) and for every month during a cold periodmonth during a cold period

• Snow cover characteristics – from 1960 to Snow cover characteristics – from 1960 to 1990 for every month and every 5 days 1990 for every month and every 5 days

during snow meltingduring snow melting periodperiod

Volga-1 Volga-1 sub-basin’ssub-basin’s locationlocation

Land-use changes over the Volga-1 sub-basin

(18 regions)

• The following The following data are data are available for available for every regionevery region

• Area of Area of agricultural land.agricultural land.

• Area of arable Area of arable land (cropland).land (cropland).

• Area covered Area covered with the forest.with the forest.

• Area of swamps Area of swamps and wetlandsand wetlands

Sub-basin "Volga - 1"

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral a

nd

fo

rest

ed la

nd

,

Hec

tars

(

tho

u h

a /

100)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Op

en w

ater

su

rfac

e, H

ecta

rs

Agro_land Arable land Conif.forest Decid.forest Open water

Data on forested area includes as well data for coniferous and deciduous forests separately

Evaporation data over Evaporation data over European territory of European territory of

RussiaRussia • Data on pan Data on pan

evaporation and evaporation and actual evaporation are actual evaporation are available for the available for the whole territory of the whole territory of the Great Great European PlaneEuropean Plane

• Over the Volga-1 sub-Over the Volga-1 sub-basin pan evaporation basin pan evaporation or actual evaporation or actual evaporation data are available for data are available for 20 stations 20 stations

• For 6 stations parallel For 6 stations parallel observations on both observations on both types of evaporation types of evaporation are availableare available

Pan evaporation data can be considered as an Pan evaporation data can be considered as an estimateestimate of potential evaporation. of potential evaporation.

Actual evaporation data can be considered as Actual evaporation data can be considered as regional characteristic of concrete conditions of the regional characteristic of concrete conditions of the humidity regime.humidity regime.

Evaporation changes Evaporation changes over the over the Great Great European Plane European Plane

Forest zone

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989

Pan

eva

po

rati

on

, m

m

300

340

380

420

460

500

540

580

620

Act

ual

eva

po

rati

on

, m

m

northwards of 54 N southwards of 54 N soil

Taiga

250

300

350

400

450

500

1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989

Pa

n e

va

po

rati

on

, m

m

250

300

350

400

450

500

Ac

tua

l e

va

po

rati

on

, m

m

northwards of 58 N southwards of 58 N soil

Forest-steppe zone

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989

Pan

eva

po

rati

on

, m

m

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600A

ctu

al e

vap

ora

tio

n,

mm

pan evaporation actual evaporation

Volga-1 sub-basin occupies a large part of the Plane and changes over its territory are important for the forming of evaporation regime in these zones

Additional available Additional available datadata

• Over the Volga-1 Over the Volga-1 sub-basin the sub-basin the following data are following data are also available:also available:

• Data on soil Data on soil moisture (layers 0-moisture (layers 0-20, 0-50, 0-100 20, 0-50, 0-100 cm) for 37 stationscm) for 37 stations

• Data on Data on precipitation are precipitation are available for 12 available for 12 stationsstations

Soil moisture is measure using so-called “thermostat-weight technique” Precipitation are measured by “Pit gauge” installed at the soil surface

Additional available Additional available datadata

• Data on snow cover characteristics includes Data on snow cover characteristics includes the following information: the following information:

• snow cover thickness along snow courses snow cover thickness along snow courses over different landscapes,over different landscapes,

• degree of the area covered by snow cover degree of the area covered by snow cover along a snow course;along a snow course;

• snow cover density and snow cover density and • water equivalent of snow cover for different water equivalent of snow cover for different

landscapes,landscapes,

For the Volga-1 sub-basin these data are available for about 40 stations