Starter –Sketch in the back of your book the 3 stages of ionisation

1. Before the photon gets there2. As it arrives

3. After it has collidedDo it. As I could ask any of you!!

(Think about the key words)

C/W 1st November 2011

Effects of ionising radiationKeywords: gamma rays radioactive X-rays radiographer

Objectives:Must – Understand the risk of using x-rays and gamma raysShould – understand the precautions you need to take with x-rays and gamma rays.Could – Understand risk, and perceived risk

Come up with the person next to you the top 5 ways you think you are most likely to die (30 seconds)

Halloween lesson!

Cause of Death Lifetime OddsHeart Disease 1-in-5 Cancer 1-in-7 Stroke 1-in-23 Accidental Injury 1-in-36 Motor Vehicle Accident* 1-in-100 Intentional Self-harm (suicide) 1-in-121 Falling Down 1-in-246 Assault by Firearm 1-in-325 Fire or Smoke 1-in-1,116 Natural Forces (heat, cold, storms, quakes, etc.) 1-in-3,357

Electrocution* 1-in-5,000 Drowning 1-in-8,942 Air Travel Accident* 1-in-20,000 Flood* (included also in Natural Forces above) 1-in-30,000 Legal Execution 1-in-58,618 Tornado* (included also in Natural Forces above) 1-in-60,000

Lightning Strike (included also in Natural Forces above) 1-in-83,930

Snake, Bee or other Venomous Bite or Sting* 1-in-100,000 Earthquake (included also in Natural Forces above) 1-in-131,890

Dog Attack 1-in-147,717 Asteroid Impact* 1-in-200,000** Tsunami* 1-in-500,000Fireworks Discharge 1-in-615,488

Odds of being an astronaut: 13,200,000 to 1

Odds that an American adult does not want to live to age 120 under any circumstances: 3 to 2 Odds of injury from fireworks: 19,556 to 1 Odds of injury from using a chain saw: 4,464 to 1 Odds of injury from mowing the lawn: 3,623 to 1 Odds of fatally slipping in bath or shower: 2,232 to 1 Odds of drowning in a bathtub: 685,000 to 1 Odds of being killed on a 5-mile bus trip: 500,000,000 to 1 Odds of being killed sometime in the next year in any sort of transportation accident: 77 to 1 Odds of being struck by lightning: 576,000 to 1 Odds of being killed by lightning: 2,320,000 to 1 Odds of dating a supermodel: 88,000 to 1 Odds that a celebrity marriage will last a lifetime: 3 to 1 Odds of being on plane with a drunken pilot: 117 to 1 Odds of dating a millionaire: 215 to 1 Odds of dating a supermodel: 88,000 to 1 Odds of finding a four-leaf clover on first try: 10,000 to 1 Odds of striking it rich on Antiques Roadshow: 60,000 to 1

What conclusions can we draw? people are generally more willing to accept the risk associated with something they choose to do than something that is imposed, and to accept risks that have short-lived effects rather than long-lasting ones

People tend to over-estimate the risk of unfamiliar things (like flying as compared with cycling), and of things whose effect is invisible or long-term (like ionising radiation)

Gamma waves – the highest energy

What has this got to do with electromagnetic radiation?

There are risks involved with this too!

X-rays

What were the highest energy types of radiation?

(Gamma rays are highest, then X-rays)

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Radio

Micro

Infra-Red

Light

Ultra-V

iolet

X rays

Gam

ma

Wavelength () increases

Can you think of a phrase that would help you remember this order? Gate X Usually Lets In Most Radiation

High frequency

Short wavelength

High energy

Most penetrating

High frequency

Short wavelength

High energy

Most penetrating

Low frequency

Long wavelength

Low energy

Least penetrating

Low frequency

Long wavelength

Low energy

Least penetratingx

Ionisation happens with high energy photons......Ie x-rays or gamma rays.....you cant just add the energy of lots of infra red rays for example.

We can think of these waves like photons (particles) High energy photons can do more damage, like firing a bullet from a gun, instead of through a stone.

Demo gamma source

There is radiation around us a lot of the time......Is this a problem?

CT scan (computer tomography) (drawing a map of your insides!) This uses x-raysWhat are the problems?What are the benefits?Is it worth it?

How can we control our risk of radiation?

Think about UV radiation?

People that work with radiation like those in hospitals learn to control their risk.

Page 242 question 2, 3, 4, 6

Homework P2_04 task 1 X-rays for thursday

Plenary Write down in the back of your book, the types of electromagnetic radiation you know, in order of most energy to least energy

C/W 18th October 2011

Effects of ionising radiationKeywords: gamma rays radioactive X-rays radiographer

Objectives:Must – Understand the risk of using x-rays and gamma raysShould – understand the precautions you need to take with x-rays and gamma rays.Could – Understand risk, and perceived risk