SPSSExerciseCrosstabsDue:

Crosstabulations(akacrosstabsorcontingencytables)aretypesoftablesthatcomparethefrequencydistributionoftwovariables.Objective:Therearefourobjectivestothisassignment.ThefirsttwoinvolveusingSPSSandthesecondtwoareaboutwhattodowiththeoutputfromSPSS

1. LearntomakecrosstabsusingSPSS2. LearntoreadtheoutputfromSPSS3. Learntodrawcrosstabtables.4. Learntoanalyzecrosstabs.

SPSSProcedure:

1. Openthedataset2. FromthetoolbarselectAnalyze->DescriptiveStatistics->Crosstabs.See

Figure4.1.ThiswillcauseawindowsimilartothatinFigure4.2toappear.3. Intheboxthatappearsentertheindependentvariable(IV)intheColumn(s)

boxandthedependentvariable(DV)intheRow(s)box.SeeFigure4.2.4. Designatetheinformationtoappearinthecrosstabs.ClickontheCells

buttonandunderPercentagesselectColumns.SeeFigure4.3.Thenclick“Continue”.Onthenextscreenclick“OK”

ReadingtheOutput:Figure4.4showstheoutputfromtheprocedureabove.Thedatainthe“CaseProcessingSummary”isofnousetousforthisassignmentbutitdoesshowthefrequencyandpercentageofrespondentsintheanalysis.TheNof2,811meansthat,ofalltherespondentsthatparticipatedinthesurvey2,811(roundedupto100%)gaveanswersthatcouldbeusedintheanalysis.Onepersongavedatathatwasnotusedandthispersonislabeledas“missing.”Thesecondboxprovidestheinformationwewant.

1. Thinkofthesecondbox(RECODEDLaborForceStatus*RESPONDENTSSEXCrosstabulation)ascontaining6columns.ThefirstcolumnontheleftshowstheDV(RECODEDLaborForceStatus)intheanalysis.Thebottomofthefirstcolumnindicatesthatinthatrowcolumntotalswillbepresented.

2. ThesecondcolumncontainstheattributesoftheDV(wrkstatR).Theattributesare“Working”and“NotWorking.”

3. ThethirdcolumnindicatesthatonthecellstotheleftthefrequencywillbepresentedontopofthecellandthepercentwithinRESPONDENTSSEX”willbepresentedinthebottomofthecell.

4. Thetopofcolumns4and5showtheIV(SEX)andtheattributesoftheIV(MALEandFEMALE)

5. Columnfourandfivepresentessentiallythesamedata.TheyshowthefrequencyandpercentofeachcombinationofIVandDVvariables.Forexample,below“MALE”incolumn4“902”isdisplayedandbelowthat“70.5%”.Thismeansthatofallthemeninthesample,902ofthem(or70.5%)areworking.Below“FEMALE”see“884”and“57.7%”aredisplayed.Thismeansthatofallthewomeninthesample884(or57.7%)areworking.Atthebottomofthefourthcolumn:“1279”and“100.0%”.Thismeansthat1,279menansweredthattheywereeither“Working”or“NotWokring.”Anotherwayofthinkingofthisisthattherewere1279menintheanalysis

6. Column6presentssomeveryimportantdata.Itshowshowmanymenandwomenwereworking.Inthesecondcellofcolumn6underTOTALnoticethe“1786”followedby“63.5”.Thatmeans1,786(63.5%)wereworking.Thisisimportantbecauseithelpsputthedataforthesingleattributesintocontext.Ifweknowthatonaverage63.5%ofrespondentsareworkingthenwecanseethatwomenareslightlybelowthataverageandmenareslightlyabove.

DisplayingData:

1. OutputfromSPSScrosstabsshouldbepresentedinatablethatdisplaysa. Atablenumberb. Atitleforthetablec. Cellsthatdisplaythe%ofeachattributecombinationandtheIVtotald. The“n”orthenumberofrespondentsinthesample(itwillalwaysbe

2,812withthisdataset)e. Thesourceofthedate(itwillalwaysbe2004GeneralSocialSurvey)

SeeTable4.1foramodelofhowatablemightlook.AnalyzingtheTable:

Whenanalyzingdata:1. Referencethetablebynumberandtitle.2. Asaruleofthumb,citeatleastthreedatapoints.3. CompareattributecombinationstothetotaloftheIV.Forexamplethe%

workingmentothetotal%working4. Provideonesentencetosummarizethefindings.

Assignment:

1. Inonesentencedescribewhatyouthinktherelationshipisbetweensexandgunownership.

2. Produceacrosstabthatcompares“sex”and“owngun,”wheresexistheIV.3. Inoncesentencedescribewhatyouthinktherelationshipisbetweensexand

alcoholconsumption.4. Produceacrosstabthatcompares“sex”and“hlth4,”wheresexistheIV.5. Maketablestopresentthecrosstaboutput.6. Writeareportwiththefollowing:

a. DefineaCrosstab

b. Analyzethetables.Includeasectionthatdiscusseswhatthepredictedrelationshipbetweenthevariableswasgoingtobeandwhatthedatashow.

c. Discussanyproblemsencounteredandhowtheyweresurmounted.d. Includetablesandoutput.

Figure4.1

Figure4.2

Figure4.3

Figure4.4

Table4.1.CrosstabulationforSexandRespondents’LaborForceParticipation Male Female TotalWorking 70.5%

(902)57.7%(884)

63.5%(1786)

NotWorking 29.5%(377)

42.3%(648)

36.5%(1025)

Total 100%(1279)

100%1532

100%2811

Source:2004GeneralSocialSurveyn=2812