SPSSExerciseCrosstabsDue:
Crosstabulations(akacrosstabsorcontingencytables)aretypesoftablesthatcomparethefrequencydistributionoftwovariables.Objective:Therearefourobjectivestothisassignment.ThefirsttwoinvolveusingSPSSandthesecondtwoareaboutwhattodowiththeoutputfromSPSS
1. LearntomakecrosstabsusingSPSS2. LearntoreadtheoutputfromSPSS3. Learntodrawcrosstabtables.4. Learntoanalyzecrosstabs.
SPSSProcedure:
1. Openthedataset2. FromthetoolbarselectAnalyze->DescriptiveStatistics->Crosstabs.See
Figure4.1.ThiswillcauseawindowsimilartothatinFigure4.2toappear.3. Intheboxthatappearsentertheindependentvariable(IV)intheColumn(s)
boxandthedependentvariable(DV)intheRow(s)box.SeeFigure4.2.4. Designatetheinformationtoappearinthecrosstabs.ClickontheCells
buttonandunderPercentagesselectColumns.SeeFigure4.3.Thenclick“Continue”.Onthenextscreenclick“OK”
ReadingtheOutput:Figure4.4showstheoutputfromtheprocedureabove.Thedatainthe“CaseProcessingSummary”isofnousetousforthisassignmentbutitdoesshowthefrequencyandpercentageofrespondentsintheanalysis.TheNof2,811meansthat,ofalltherespondentsthatparticipatedinthesurvey2,811(roundedupto100%)gaveanswersthatcouldbeusedintheanalysis.Onepersongavedatathatwasnotusedandthispersonislabeledas“missing.”Thesecondboxprovidestheinformationwewant.
1. Thinkofthesecondbox(RECODEDLaborForceStatus*RESPONDENTSSEXCrosstabulation)ascontaining6columns.ThefirstcolumnontheleftshowstheDV(RECODEDLaborForceStatus)intheanalysis.Thebottomofthefirstcolumnindicatesthatinthatrowcolumntotalswillbepresented.
2. ThesecondcolumncontainstheattributesoftheDV(wrkstatR).Theattributesare“Working”and“NotWorking.”
3. ThethirdcolumnindicatesthatonthecellstotheleftthefrequencywillbepresentedontopofthecellandthepercentwithinRESPONDENTSSEX”willbepresentedinthebottomofthecell.
4. Thetopofcolumns4and5showtheIV(SEX)andtheattributesoftheIV(MALEandFEMALE)
5. Columnfourandfivepresentessentiallythesamedata.TheyshowthefrequencyandpercentofeachcombinationofIVandDVvariables.Forexample,below“MALE”incolumn4“902”isdisplayedandbelowthat“70.5%”.Thismeansthatofallthemeninthesample,902ofthem(or70.5%)areworking.Below“FEMALE”see“884”and“57.7%”aredisplayed.Thismeansthatofallthewomeninthesample884(or57.7%)areworking.Atthebottomofthefourthcolumn:“1279”and“100.0%”.Thismeansthat1,279menansweredthattheywereeither“Working”or“NotWokring.”Anotherwayofthinkingofthisisthattherewere1279menintheanalysis
6. Column6presentssomeveryimportantdata.Itshowshowmanymenandwomenwereworking.Inthesecondcellofcolumn6underTOTALnoticethe“1786”followedby“63.5”.Thatmeans1,786(63.5%)wereworking.Thisisimportantbecauseithelpsputthedataforthesingleattributesintocontext.Ifweknowthatonaverage63.5%ofrespondentsareworkingthenwecanseethatwomenareslightlybelowthataverageandmenareslightlyabove.
DisplayingData:
1. OutputfromSPSScrosstabsshouldbepresentedinatablethatdisplaysa. Atablenumberb. Atitleforthetablec. Cellsthatdisplaythe%ofeachattributecombinationandtheIVtotald. The“n”orthenumberofrespondentsinthesample(itwillalwaysbe
2,812withthisdataset)e. Thesourceofthedate(itwillalwaysbe2004GeneralSocialSurvey)
SeeTable4.1foramodelofhowatablemightlook.AnalyzingtheTable:
Whenanalyzingdata:1. Referencethetablebynumberandtitle.2. Asaruleofthumb,citeatleastthreedatapoints.3. CompareattributecombinationstothetotaloftheIV.Forexamplethe%
workingmentothetotal%working4. Provideonesentencetosummarizethefindings.
Assignment:
1. Inonesentencedescribewhatyouthinktherelationshipisbetweensexandgunownership.
2. Produceacrosstabthatcompares“sex”and“owngun,”wheresexistheIV.3. Inoncesentencedescribewhatyouthinktherelationshipisbetweensexand
alcoholconsumption.4. Produceacrosstabthatcompares“sex”and“hlth4,”wheresexistheIV.5. Maketablestopresentthecrosstaboutput.6. Writeareportwiththefollowing:
a. DefineaCrosstab
b. Analyzethetables.Includeasectionthatdiscusseswhatthepredictedrelationshipbetweenthevariableswasgoingtobeandwhatthedatashow.
c. Discussanyproblemsencounteredandhowtheyweresurmounted.d. Includetablesandoutput.
Figure4.1
Figure4.2
Figure4.3
Figure4.4
Table4.1.CrosstabulationforSexandRespondents’LaborForceParticipation Male Female TotalWorking 70.5%
(902)57.7%(884)
63.5%(1786)
NotWorking 29.5%(377)
42.3%(648)
36.5%(1025)
Total 100%(1279)
100%1532
100%2811
Source:2004GeneralSocialSurveyn=2812