Spec Pro Full Text Cases 1

7/25/2019 Spec Pro Full Text Cases 1

1/127

SPEC PRO FULL TEXT CASES 1

ContentsWRITTEN REPORTS..................................................................................................... 2

SALUDO v. AMERICAN EXPRESS INTL INC.............................................................2

AVELINO v. COURT OF APPEALS..........................................................................13

AZUELA v. COURT OF APPEALS...........................................................................16

R 12!""# CANNOT $E FOUND.........................................................................2%

ALA$AN v. COURT OF APPEALS.......................................................................... 2%

IN RE ESTATE OF &IX' FLUEMER v. &IX...............................................................3(

RULE !3.................................................................................................................36

FULE v CA........................................................................................................... 36

RO$ERTS v. LEONIDAS........................................................................................((

US v CLAVERIA................................................................................................... (!

P&IL. SAVINS $AN) v. LANTIN.......................................................................... *#

INTESTATE ESTATE OF ARCIA. UTULO v. VDA DE ARCIA.................................*%

SAMPILO +n, SALACUP v. COURT OF APPEALS +n, SINOPERA...........................61

ONSINCO v. TAN............................................................................................ 66

CA-ETANO v. LEONIDAS......................................................................................6"

RP v. COURT OF APPEALS +n, $O$ILES..............................................................!(

AO v. COURT OF APPEALS +n, AO.................................................................... !"

IMENEZ v. IAC.................................................................................................... %(RULE !2.................................................................................................................%!

&EIRS OF A$ATAN v. COURT OF APPEALS +n, PACANA....................................%!

MONTAER v. S&ARIA DISTRICT COURT................................................................"!

&ILADO v. COURT OF APPEALS.........................................................................1#3

WRITTEN REPORTS

SALUDO v. AMERICAN EXPRESS INTL INCFIRST DIVISION


2/127

ANICETO G. SALUDO, JR., G.R. No. 159507Pet/t/one0P0esent

PANANI$AN C.J., Chairperson,- versus --NARESSANTIAOAUSTRIAMARTINEZCALLEO SR. +n,AMERICAN EXPRESSC&ICONAZARIOJJ.INTERNATIONAL, INC.,ando! IAN T. FIS" and P0o457+te,DOMINIC MASCRINAS,Res8on,ents. A80/ 1" 2##699

D E C I S I O N

CALLEJO, SR.,J.#$e:o0e t;e Co50t /s t;e Pet/t/on :o0 Rev/e< on Certiorari=e, >? An/@eto . S+5,o 0.see/n7 to 0eve0se +n, set +s/,e t;e De@/s/on B1,+te, M+? 22 2##3 o: t;e Co50t o:A88e+s /n CA.R. SP No. 6"**3. T;e +ss+/e, ,e@/s/on ,/0e@te, t;e Re7/on+ T0/+Co50t RTC o: M++s/n C/t? So5t;e0n Le?te $0+n@; 2* t;e0eo: to v+@+te +n, set+s/,e /ts O0,e0s ,+te, Se8te4>e0 1# 2##1 +n, +n5+0? 2 2##2 /n C/v/ C+se No. R31!2 +n, eno/ne, t;e 80es/,/n7 5,7eB2t;e0eo: :0o4 @on,5@t/n7 :50t;e080o@ee,/n7s /n s+/, @+se e9@e8t to ,/s4/ss t;e @o48+/nt =e, t;e0e


3/127

T;e @o48+/nts @+5se o: +@t/on ste44e, :0o4 t;e +e7e,


4/127

o>t+/ne, t;e s+4e /n t;e s+/, @/t?. In +n? event t;e @o445n/t? t+9 @e0t/=@+te /s not,ete04/n+t/ve o: ones 0es/,[email protected] t;e O0,e0 ,+te, Se8te4>e0 1# 2##1 t;e @o50t a quo,en/e, t;e +H04+t/ve,e:enses /nte08ose, >? 0es8on,ents. It :o5n, t;e +e7+t/ons o: t;e @o48+/nts5H@/ent to @onst/t5te + @+5se o: +@t/on +7+/nst 0es8on,ents. T;e @o50t aquo /ee t+en 5,/@/+ not/@e o:. As s5@; ;/s 8e0son++@t5+ +n, 8;?s/@+ ;+>/t+t/on o0 ;/s +@t5+ 0es/,en@e o0 8+@e o: +>o,e @+n neve0>e /n so4e ot;e0 8+@e >5t /n I@;on M+@0o;on So5t;e0n Le?te. It /s @o00e@t? st+te,>? t;e 8+/nt/J @/t/n7 t;e @+se o: Co0e v. Co0e 1## P;/. 321 t;+t 0es/,en@e :o08508oses o: =9/n7 ven5e o: +n +@t/on /s s?non?4o5s 5t one ,o4/@/e +t + t/4e. A4+n @+n ;+ve >5t one ,o4/@/e :o0 one +n, t;e s+4e 8508ose +t +n? t/4e >5t ;e4+? ;+ve n54e0o5s 8+@es o: 0es/,en@e. Ven5e @o5, >e +t 8+@e o: ;/s 0es/,[email protected]+s+ v. M/son 2## SCRA !1* B1""1B3
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/april2006/G.R.%20No.%20159507.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/april2006/G.R.%20No.%20159507.htm#_ftn3


5/127

Res8on,ents so57;t t;e 0e@ons/,e0+t/on t;e0eo: >5t t;e @o50t a quo,en/e, t;es+4e /n t;e O0,e0 ,+te, +n5+0? 2 2##2. T;e? t;en =e, /t/on +e7/n7 70+ve +>5se o: ,/s@0et/on on t;e 8+0t o:t;e 80es/,/n7 5,7e o: t;e @o50t a quo /n /ss5/n7 t;e Se8te4>e0 1# 2##1 +n,

+n5+0? 2 2##2 O0,e0s. U8on 0es8on,ents 8ost/n7 o: + >on, t;e +88e+te @o50t/ss5e, on M+0@; 1( 2##2 + te48o0+0? 0est0+/n/n7 o0,e0 ? 8et/t/one0 S+5,o +7+/nst0es8on,ents /s 7ove0ne, >? Se@t/on 2 R5e ( o: t;e R5es o: Co50t. T;e s+/, 05e onven5e o: 8e0son+ +@t/ons >+s/@+? 80ov/,es t;+t 8e0son+ +@t/ons 4+? >e

@o44en@e, +n, t0/e,


6/127

>5t ;e 4+? ;+ve n54e0o5s 8+@es o: 0es/,en@e. &/s 8+@e o: 0es/,en@e 7ene0+? /s;/s 8+@e o: ,o4/@/e >5t /s not >? +n? 4e+ns ne@ess+0/? so s/n@e no en7t; o:0es/,en@e


7/127

T;e ,e@0et+ 8o0t/on o: t;e +ss+/e, De@/s/on ,+te, M+? 22 2##3 o: t;e +88e+te@o50t 0e+,sUPON T&E VIEW WE TA)E OF T&IS CASE T&US t;e @;+en7e, o0,e0s 45st >e +st;e? ;e0e>? +0e VACATED +n, SET ASIDE +n, t;e 0es8on,ent 5,7e o0 +n? one+@t/n7 /n ;/s 8+@e o0 ste+, /s /nst05@te, +n, eno/ne, to ,es/st :0o4 :50t;e0

80o@ee,/n7 /n t;e @+se e9@e8t to ,/s4/ss /t. T;e te48o0+0? 0est0+/n/n7 o0,e0 e+0/e0/ss5e, /s ;e0e>? @onve0te, /nto + ? 8et/t/one0s B;e0e/n 0es8on,ents on, /n t;e +4o5nt o: F/ve M//on Pesos P*######.## to +ns? 0e+son o:t;e /ss5+n@e o: s5@; /n5n@t/on s;o5, t;e Co50t =n+? ,e@/,e t;+t 8et/t/one0s +0enot ent/te, t;e0eto.P0/v+te 0es8on,ent /: ;e so 4/n,e, 4+? 0e=e ;/s @+se :o0,+4+7es >e:o0e t;e Re7/on+ T0/+ Co50t o: M++t/ C/t? o0 P+s+? C/t? o0 +n? o: t;eRe7/on+ T0/+ Co50ts o: t;e N+t/on+ C+8/t+ 5,/@/+ Re7/on. W/t;o5t @osts.SO ORDERED.B12

Pet/t/one0 S+5,o so57;t t;e 0e@ons/,e0+t/on o: t;e s+/, ,e@/s/on >5t t;e +88e+te@o50t /n t;e Reso5t/on ,+te, A575st 1( 2##3 ,en/e, ;/s 4ot/on :o00e@ons/,e0+t/on. &en@e ;e =e, t;e /nst+nt 8et/t/on :o0 0ev/e< st+n@e /n + +>? not/n +@@o0, e Co50t.+ t;e Co50t o: A88e+s e00e, /n not t+/n7 5,/@/+ not/@e o: t;e 5n,/s85te, :+@tt;+t ;e0e/n 8et/t/one0 /s t;e /n@54>ent @on70ess4+n o: t;e one ,/st0/@t o: So5t;e0nLe?te +n, +s s5@; ;e /s + 0es/,en@e sic o: s+/, ,/st0/@t'> t;e Co50t o: A88e+s e00e, /n ,/s4/ss/n7 t;e @o48+/nt on t;e >+s/s o:/480o8e0 ven5e ,5e to t;e +e7e, 5,/@/+ +,4/ss/on o: ;e0e/n 8et/t/one0'@ t;e Co50t o: A88e+s /n ,/s4/ss/n7 t;e @o48+/nt /7no0e, +88/@+>e ,e@/s/onso: t;/s &ono0+>e Co50t' +n,, t;e Co50t o: A88e+s e00e, /n ,e@/,/n7 t;+t ;e0e/n 8et/t/one0 v/o+te, t;e 05eson ven5e +n, even s8e@5+te, t;+t ;e0e/n 8et/t/one0s 4ot/ve /n =/n7 t;e @o48+/nt/n M++s/n C/t? st+nt/ve /ss5e :o0 t;e Co50ts 0eso5t/on /s e e00o0 /n ;o,/n7 t;+t ven5e e@+5se not one o: t;e 8+0t/es /n@5,/n78et/t/one0 S+5,o +s 8+/nt/J t;e0e/n


8/127

Pet/t/one0 S+5,os @o48+/nt :o0 ,+4+7es +7+/nst 0es8on,ents >e:o0e t;e @o50t aquo/s + 8e0son+ +@t/on. As s5@; /t /s 7ove0ne, >? Se@t/on 2 R5e ( o: t;e R5es o:Co50ts e @o44en@e, +n, t0/e,

? t;e RTC /s 7/ven to 8+/nt/J>5t not to 8+/nt/Js @+80/@e >e@+5se t;e 4+tte0 /s 0e75+te, >? t;e R5es o: Co50t.B1(T;e 05e on ven5e /e ot;e0 80o@e,50+ 05es /s ,es/7ne, to /ns50e + 5st +n,o0,e0? +,4/n/st0+t/on o: 5st/@e o0 t;e /48+0t/+ +n, even;+n,e, ,ete04/n+t/on o:eve0? +@t/on +n, 80o@ee,/n7.B1*T;e o8t/on o: 8+/nt/J /n 8e0son+ +@t/ons @o7n/K+>e>? t;e RTC /s e/t;e0 t;e 8+@e e :o5n, o0 t;e8+@e


9/127


10/127

en7t; o: 0es/,en@e e @o44en@e, +n, t0/e, +se, on ;/s 4+n/:este, /ntent/on to 0et50n t;e0e +:te0 t;e 0et/0e4ent o: ;/s 0/n7/n7 o: +n +@t/on :o0 ,+4+7es +7+/nst8et/t/one0 /n t;e C.F.I. o: Io@os No0te /s ent/0e? o: no 4o4ent s/n@e st+nt/+? o: R5e ( R5es o: Co50t on ven5e o: 8e0son+ +@t/ons. Koh v. Court of

Appeals, supra,88. 3#(3#*.

T;e s+4e @onst05@t/on o: t;e e@t o0 8508oses o: t;e st+t5te or rule/n o,e.It s/7n/=es 8;?s/@+ 80esen@e /n + 8+@e +n,+@t5+ st+? t;e0e+t. In t;/s 8o85+0 sense t;e te04 4e+ns 4e0e? 0es/,en@e t;+t /s8e0son+ 0es/,en@e not e7+ 0es/,en@e o0 ,o4/@/e. "esidences/48? 0e5/0es >o,/?80esen@e +s +n inhaitant/n + 7/ven 8+@e o,/? 80esen@e/n t;+t 8+@e +n, +so +n /ntent/on to 4+e /t ones ,o4/@/e. No 8+0t/@5+0 en7t; o:t/4e o: 0es/,en@e /s 0e5/0e, t;o57;' ;oe 4o0e t;+nte48o0+0?.B1%
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/april2006/G.R.%20No.%20159507.htm#_ftn18http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/april2006/G.R.%20No.%20159507.htm#_ftn18


11/127

T;e0e /s no ,/s85te t;+t 8et/t/one0 S+5,o o,/? 80esen@e +s +n inhaitant /n + 7/ven8+@e o,/? 80esen@e /n t;+t 8+@e +n, +so +n /ntent/on to4+e /t ones ,o4/@/e.B2(

S/n@e 8et/t/one0 S+5,o +s @on70ess4+n o0 t;e one 0e80esent+t/ve o: t;e ,/st0/@t o:So5t;e0n Le?te ;+, ;/s 0es/,en@e o0 ,o4/@/e t;e0e/n +s t;e te04 /s @onst05e, /n0e+t/on to ee@t/on +5t domicile /sresidence@o58e, ? t;e +88e+te @o50t on Koh v. Court of AppealsB2*/s 4/s8+@e,. Cont0+0?to /ts ;o,/n7B26t;e :+@ts o: t;e 80esent @+se +0e not s/4/+0 to t;e :+@tst;e0e/n. In Koh t;e @o48+/nt


12/127

N/@o+s Io@os No0te >? 8+/nt/J e@+5se+t;o57; ;e 4+n/:este, t;e /ntent to 7o >+@ t;e0e +:te0 0et/0e4ent t;e ee4ent o:

8e0son+ 80esen@e /n t;+t 8+@e 5t +so 8e0son+ 80esen@e /n t;+t 8+@e @o58e,


13/127

T;5s /: + 8e0son /ves /t5+? /n 5eKon C/t? ;e o,e /: ;e st+?s t;e0e 5s/ness +n, +so + ;o5se /n I@;on M+@0o;onSo5t;e0n Le?te :o0 ,o/n7 >5s/ness +n,Go0 :o0 ee@t/on o0 8o/t/@+ 8508oses


14/127

T;+t 8et/t/one0 S+5,o e :+5te, :o0 ,o/n7 so >e@+5se@o50ts +0e +oe ,e4onst0+t/on o0 o57;t to >e noe@+5se o: t;e/0 5,/@/+ :5n@t/ons.B3#Co50ts +0e /eo5n, to t+e 5,/@/+not/@e e 4en.B32Mo0eove0 t;o57; 5s5+? :+@ts o: @o44onnoe noe 80o8e0? t+en 5,/@/+ not/@e o: >? t;e@o50t a quo t;e s+4e >e/n7 + 4+tte0 o: @o44on noo5n, to no< t;+t 5n,e0 t;eConst/t5t/on one o: t;e 5+/=@+t/ons o: + @on70ess4+n o0 0e80esent+t/ve to t;e&o5se o: Re80esent+t/ves /s ;+v/n7 + 0es/,en@e /n t;e ,/st0/@t /n eee@te,.In =ne 8et/t/one0 S+5,os +@t o: =/n7 ;/s @o48+/nt e@;+0+@te0/Ke, +s + s8e@/e o: :o054s;o88/n7 o0 @+80/@/o5s on ;/s 8+0t >e@+5se5n,e0 t;e 05es +s 8+/nt/J ;e /s 80e@/se? 7/ven t;/s o8t/on.F/n+? 0es8on,ents @+/4 t;+t t;e /nst+nt 8et/t/on :o0 0ev/e< ? 8et/t/one0 S+5,o ,ese0ves s@+nt @ons/,e0+t/on.
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/april2006/G.R.%20No.%20159507.htm#_ftn30http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/april2006/G.R.%20No.%20159507.htm#_ftn31http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/april2006/G.R.%20No.%20159507.htm#_ftn32http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/april2006/G.R.%20No.%20159507.htm#_ftn33http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/april2006/G.R.%20No.%20159507.htm#_ftn30http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/april2006/G.R.%20No.%20159507.htm#_ftn31http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/april2006/G.R.%20No.%20159507.htm#_ftn32http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2006/april2006/G.R.%20No.%20159507.htm#_ftn33


15/127

Se@t/on ( R5e ! o: t;e R5es o: Co50t 0e+,sSe@. (. )eri%cation. E9@e8t e 5n,e0 o+t; ve0/=e, o0 +@@o48+n/e, >? +H,+v/t.A 8e+,/n7 /s ve0/=e, >? +n +H,+v/t t;+t t;e +H+nt ;+s 0e+, t;e 8e+,/n7 +n, t;+t

t;e +e7+t/ons t;e0e/n +0e t05e +n, @o00e@t o: ;/s 8e0son+ no+se, on+5t;ent/@ 0e@o0,s.A 8e+,/n7 0e5/0e, to >e ve0/=e, +se, on /n:o04+t/on+n, >e/e: o0 58on noe/e: o0 +@s 80o8e0 ve0/=@+t/ons;+ >e t0e+te, +s +n 5ns/7ne, 8e+,/n7.Pet/t/one0 S+5,os ve0/=@+t/on +n, @e0t/=@+t/on o: non:o054 s;o88/n7 st+tes t;+t ;e;+s 0e+, t;e @ontents t;e0eo: B0e:e00/n7 to t;e 8et/t/on +n, t;e s+4e +0e true andcorrect of m# o!n personal 1no!led&e+n, >e/e: +n, on t;e >+s/s o: t;e 0e@o0,s +t;+n,. T;e s+4e @e+0? @onst/t5tes s5>st+nt/+ @o48/+n@e ove0e5/0e4ents o: t;e R5es o: Co50t.

$"EREFORE 80e4/ses @ons/,e0e, t;e 8et/t/on /s GRANTED. T;e De@/s/on ,+te,M+? 22 2##3 +n, Reso5t/on ,+te, A575st 1( 2##3 o: t;e Co50t o: A88e+s /n CA.R. SP No. 6"**3 +0e REVERSED+n, SET ASIDE. T;e O0,e0s ,+te, Se8te4>e01# 2##1 +n, +n5+0? 2 2##2 o: t;e Re7/on+ T0/+ Co50t o: M++s/n C/t? So5t;e0nLe?te $0+n@; 2* t;e0eo: /n C/v/ C+se No. R31!2 +0e REINSTATED.SO ORDERED.

ROMEO J. CALLEJO, SR.

Asso@/+te 5st/@e

AVELINO v. COURT OF APPEALS

SECOND DIVISION

%G.R. No. 1151&1. Ma!'( )1, *000+

MARIA SOCORRO AVELINO,petitioner, vs. COURT OF APPEALS, ANGELINA

AVELINO, S"ARON AVELINO, ANTONIO AVELINO, JR., TRAC AVELINO,PATRIC- MIC"AEL AVELINO and MAR- ANT"ON

AVELINO, respondents. Sdaa /o

R E S O L U T I O N

UISUM2ING,J.#


16/127

$e:o0e 5s /s + 8et/t/on :o0 0ev/e< on certiorario: t;e De@/s/on o: t;e Co50t o: A88e+s,+te, Fe>05+0? 16 1""( /n CA.R. SP No. 31*!( +s e0 3 1""2 An7e/n+ +n, t;e s/>/n7s =e, t;e/0 o88os/t/on >? =/n7 +4ot/on to @onve0t t;e s+/, 5,/@/+ 80o@ee,/n7s to +n +@t/on :o0 5,/@/+ 8+0t/t/on05+0? 16 1""3 85>/@ 0es8on,ent 5,7e /ss5e, t;e +ss+/e, O0,e0 e to + s/48e 8+0t/t/on

+n, + t;e ot;e0 @o485so0? ;e/0s 4+n/:este, t;e/0 ,es/0e :o0 +n e98e,/t/o5ssette4ent o: t;e est+te o: t;e ,e@e+se, Anton/o Ave/no S0. t;e s+4e /s 70+nte,.

QW&EREFORE t;e 8et/t/on /s @onve0te, /nto 5,/@/+ 8+0t/t/on o: t;e est+te o:,e@e+se, Anton/o Ave/no S0. T;e 8+0t/es +0e ,/0e@te, to s5>4/t + @o48ete/nvento0? o: + t;e 0e+ +n, 8e0son+ 80o8e0t/es e:t >? t;e ,e@e+se,. Set t;e;e+0/n7 o: t;e 5,/@/+ 8+0t/t/on on APRIL 13 1""3 +t %3# o@o@ /n t;e 4o0n/n7.Not/:? + t;e 8+0t/es +n, t;e/0 @o5nse o: t;/s +ss/7n4ent.

QSO ORDERED.QB1

On M+0@; 1! 1""3 8et/t/one0 =e, + 4ot/on :o0 0e@ons/,e0+t/on /t/on +n, mandamus+e7/n7 70+ve +>5se o: ,/s@0et/on+4o5nt/n7 to +@ o0 e9@ess o: 50/s,/@t/on on t;e 8+0t o: t;e t0/+ @o50t /n 70+nt/n780/v+te 0es8on,ents 4ot/on to @onve0t t;e 5,/@/+ 80o@ee,/n7 :o0 t;e /ss5+n@e o:ette0s o: +,4/n/st0+t/on to +n +@t/on :o0 5,/@/+ 8+0t/t/on. &e0 8et/t/on


17/127

On Fe>05+0? 1% 1""( t;e 0es8on,ent +88e+te @o50t 0en,e0e, t;e +ss+/e,,e@/s/on st+t/n7 t;+t t;e Q8et/t/on /s DENIED DUE COURSEQ +n, +@@o0,/n7?,/s4/sse,.QB2

On M+0@; 1 1""( 8et/t/one0 ,5? 4ove, :o0 0e@ons/,e0+t/on >5t /t een 4+,e o: t;e @;+0+@te0 +n, e9tent o: t;e,e@e,ents est+te. S;e 8o/nts to t;e Co50ts 05/n7 /nArcilles v. 2onte3o 26 SCRA1"! 1"6" /s;e, /n Se@t/on 6 o: R5e !%.B*T;e e9@e8t/ons to t;/s 05e +0e :o5n, /nSe@t/ons 1 +n, 2 o: R5e !(B6? t;e/0 5,/@/+ o0 e7+ 0e80esent+t/ves ,5? +5t;o0/Ke, :o0 t;e 8508ose t;e 8+0t/es4+? ? 4e+ns o: + 85>/@ /nst054ent =e, /n t;e oH@e o: t;e 0e7/ste0 o:,ee,s +n, s;o5, t;e? ,/s+70ee t;e? 4+? ,o so /n +n o0,/n+0? +@t/on o:8+0t/t/on.. S@s ,++,

QSEC. 2. +ummar# settlement of estates of small value. W;eneve0 t;e 70oss v+5eo: t;e est+te o: + ,e@e+se, 8e0son


18/127

Co50t ;+v/n7 50/s,/@t/on o: t;e est+te >? t;e 8et/t/on o: +n /nte0este, 8e0son +n,58on ;e+0/n7 e ;e, not ess t;+n one 1 4ont; no0 4o0e t;+n t;0ee3 4ont;s :0o4 t;e ,+te o: t;e +st 85>/@+t/on o: + not/@e e 85>/s;e,on@e +


19/127

t;e 80/v+te 0es8on,ents. No 0eve0s/>e e00o0 4+? >e +tt0/>5te, to t;e Co50t o:A88e+s st/t5te, >? ERNESTO .CASTILLO A80/ 12 2##6Res8on,ents.99

D E C I S I O N

TINAJ.

T;e @o0e o: t;/s 8et/t/on /s + ;/7;? ,e:e@t/ve not+0/+ ?E57en/+ E. I7soo ,e@e,ent e0 1"%2 +t t;e +7e o: %#. In0e:5s/n7 to 7/ve e7+ 0e@o7n/t/on to t;e ,5e e9e@5t/on o: t;/s ,o@54ent t;e Co50t /s80ov/,e, t;e o88o0t5n/t? to +sse0t + :e< /48o0t+nt ,o@t0/n+ 05es /n t;e e9e@5t/ono: not+0/+


20/127

a'>no34d;n6, 86 a !jurat, / a6a44< d'6/=. An< on o 6(d'6 / ?'/n6 6o dn< :!o8a6. A no6a!/a4 3/44 3/6( a44 6(! d'6/ @6 a'(/n; o! @d/'/a4 !@'6/on.

T;e0e /s + ,/st/n@t +n, @onse5ent/+ 0e+son t;e C/v/ Co,e 80ov/,es +@o480e;ens/ve @+t+o7 o: /48e0+t/ves :o0 t;e 80o8e0 e9e@5t/on o: + not+0/+


21/127

A/n7 n/+7,++n +n7 &5/n7 &+>//n n+ /to ,/to s+ M+?n/+ /+ 1# n7 &5n?o 1"%1.

S7,.EUENIA E. ISOLOT+7+8+74+n+PATUNA- N MA SA)SIAn7 +s5+t+n7 /to n+ >/n5>5o n7 ,+;on 8+t/ +n7 ;5/n7 ,+;on7 /ton+ /8/n+;+?+7 s+ +4/n n/ E57en/+ E.I7soo t+7+8+74+n+ n+ s/?+ n/?+n7 &5/n7 &+>//n n7+?on /+1# n7 &5n?o 1"%1+? n/+7,++n n7 n+s+>/n7 t+7+8+74+n+ s+ /+/4 n7 +s5+t+n7 n+>+n77/t +ts+ +/++/n7 t+7+8+74+n+ +ts+ ;+0+8 n7 +;+t +t >+/n7 +s5+t+n +ts+ +/+0/e .MA. C+v/te Res.Ce0t. No. A!6%2!! /ss5e, +t C+04on+ C+v/teon Fe>. ! 1"%1

UANITO ESTRERA+,,0ess C/t? Co50t Co48o5n,C/t? o: M+n/+ Res. Ce0t. No. A*!(%2"Iss5e, +t M+n/+ on M+0@; 2 1"%1.

N/+7,++n o +t n/not+0/o o n7+?on7 1# n7 &5n?o 1#1"%1 ,/to s+ L5n7so, n7 M+?n/+.


22/127

S7,.PETRONIO -. $AUTISTADo@. No. 1232 ' NOTARIO PU$LI)OP+7e No. %6 ' Unt/ De@. 31 1"%1$oo No. (3 ' PTR1*2#(11G2G%1M+n/+Se0/es o: 1"%1 TAN 1(3!"!!%B1

T;e t;0ee n+4e, otto4 o: t;e +ttest+t/on @+5se.

T;e 80o>+te 8et/t/on +,ve0te, to on? t


23/127

On t;e /ss5e o: +@ o: +@no5o n7 ,+;on 8+t/ +n7 ;5/n7 ,+;on7 /ton+ /8/n+;+?+7 s+ +4/n n/ E57en/+ N.

I7soo t+7+8+74+n+ n+ s/?+ n/?+n7 &5/n7&+>//n n7+?on7 /+1# n7 &5n?o 1"%1+? n/+7,++n n7 n+s+>/n7 t+7+8+74+n+ s+ /+/4 n7 +s5+t+n7 n+>+n77/t +ts+ +/++/n7 t+7+8+74+n+ +ts+ ;+0+8 n7 +;+t +t >+/n7 +s5+t+n +ts+ +/+st+nt/+ @o48/+n@e /n7 otto4 t;e0eo: t;/s Co50t /s o: t;e v/e< t;+t t;es/7n/n7 >? t;e s5>s@0/>/n7


24/127

Pet/t/one0 +075es t;+t t;e 0e5/0e4ent 5n,e0 A0t/@e %#* o: t;e C/v/ Co,e t;+t t;en54>e0 o: 8+7es 5se, /n + not+0/+ e st+te, /n t;e +ttest+t/on @+5se /s 4e0e?,/0e@to0? 0+t;e0 t;+n 4+n,+to0? +n, t;5s s5s@e8t/>e to st+nt/+ @o48/+n@e 05e.B11

T;e so5t/on to t;/s @+se @+s :o0 t;e +88/@+t/on o: A0t/@es %#* +n, %#6 o: t;e C/v/Co,e ? t;e test+to0 ;/4se: o0 >? t;e test+to0s n+4e ? so4e ot;e08e0son /n ;/s 80esen@e +n, >? ;/s e980ess ,/0e@t/on +n, +tteste, +n, s5>s@0/>e, >?t;0ee o0 4o0e @0e,/>e ? ;/4 to e0 o: 8+7es 5se, 58on


25/127

t;e e +,4/tte, to 80o>+te t;e Co50t 4+,e t;e :ooe st+te, /n t;e +ttest+t/on @+5se /s o>v/o5s' 6(do'n6 /;(6 a/4< 8 o :!:a!d 6(a6 6( !o=a4 o a (6 3o4d'o:464< '(an; 6( 66an6a!< d/:o/6/on o 6( 3/44 and /n 6(a8n' o a 6a6n6 o 6( 6o6a4 n8! o (6 '( !o=a4 /;(6

8 '6d 8< 6a>/n; o6 6( (6 and '(an;/n; 6( n8! a6 6( 6o:o 6( o44o3/n; (6 o! :a;. I: on t;e ot;e0 ;+n, t;e tot+ n54>e0 o:s;eets /s st+te, /n t;e +ttest+t/on @+5se t;e :+s/=@+t/on o: t;e ,o@54ent e t;/s

0e5/0e4ent /t 45st >e @ons/,e0e, 4+te0/+.B1%A7+/nst t;ese @/te, @+ses 8et/t/one0 @/tes +in&son v. (lorentinoB1"+n, Taoada v.0on. "osalB2#


26/127

o4/ss/on o: so4e o: t;e 8+7es o: t;e e5e+t;e, In 0e W/ o: An,0+,+ (2 P;/. 1%#' U? Co5evs. N+v+s L. S/o@+ (3 P;/. (#*' 54>+n vs. o0@;o *# P;/. 3#' 5/nto vs. Mo0+t+*( P;/. (%1' E@;ev+00/+ vs. S+04/ento 66 P;/. 611. T;e 0+t/o ,e@/,en,/ o: t;ese@+ses see4s to >e t;+t t;e +ttest+t/on @+5se 45st @ont+/n + st+te4ent o: t;en54>e0 o: s;eets o0 8+7es @o48os/n7 t;e 5t >? + @ons/,e0+t/on o0 e9+4/n+t/on o: t;e e0 o: s;eets o0 8+7es 58on


27/127

61% o: t;e Co,e o: C/v/ P0o@e,50e.B22Re/+n@e on t;ese @+ses 0e4+/ns +80o8os@ons/,e0/n7 t;+t t;e 0e5/0e4ent t;+t t;e +ttest+t/on st+te t;e n54>e0 o: 8+7es o:t;e sen@eo: >+, :+/t; :o07e0? o0 :0+5, o0 5n,5e +n, /480o8e0 80ess50e +n, /n5en@e,e:e@ts +n, /48e0:e@t/ons /n t;e :o04 o: +ttest+t/on o0 /n t;e +n75+7e 5se, t;e0e/ns;+ not 0en,e0 t;e


28/127

Canedas577este, BIt 4+? t;5s >e st+te, t;+t t;e 05e +s /t no< st+n,s /s t;+to4/ss/on e s588/e, >? +n e9+4/n+t/on o: t;e e @;e@e, >? + v/s5+ e9+4/n+t/on' ? t;e +ttest+t/on @+5se to st+te t;+t t;e e @ons/,e0e, + :+t+ +< s/n@e t;e +ttest+t/on /s t;e on? te9t5+75+0+ntee o: @o48/[email protected]

T;e :+/50e o: t;e +ttest+t/on @+5se to st+te t;e n54>e0 o: 8+7es on e s5>st+nt/+? t;e s+4e :o04+ 0e5/s/tes +sen54e0+te, /n Se@t/on 61% o: t;e Co,e o: C/v/ P0o@e,50e @onv/n@e, t;+t t;ese0e4+/ne, eJe@t/ve s+:e75+0,s +7+/nst t;e :o07e0? o0 /nte0@++t/on o: not+0/+


29/127

Ca&ro v. Ca&roB36 /s 4+te0/+ on t;/s 8o/nt. As /n t;/s @+se t;e s/7n+t50es o: t;et;0ee ? t;e eens5>st+nt/+? @o48/e, een ,5? s/7ne, 0en,e0/n7

t;e e 4+,e >? t;e +ttest/n7 e+0 t;e/0 s/7n+t50es. An 5ns/7ne, +ttest+t/on @+5se @+nnot >e @ons/,e0e, +s +n+@t o: t;e otto4 t;e0eo:ne7+t/ves t;e/0 8+0t/@/8+t/on.

T;e 8et/t/one0 +n, +88eee @onten,s t;+t s/7n+t50es o: t;e t;0ee st+nt/+? to t;e +< +n, 4+? >e ,ee4e, +s t;e/0s/7n+t50es to t;e +ttest+t/on @+5se. T;/s /s 5nten+>e >e@+5se s+/, s/7n+t50es +0e/n @o48/+n@e ? t;e t;0ee otto4 t;e0eo: >e +,4/tte, +s s5H@/ent /t e e+s? to +,, s5@; @+5se to+ se5ent o@@+s/on +n, /n t;e +>sen@e o: t;e test+to0 +n, +n? o0 + o:t;e


30/127

t;e test+to0 ;+, s/7ne, t;e


31/127

4/n,set /n 4+/n7 t;e test+4ent+0? ,/s8os/t/ons to t;ose 8e0sons ;eGs;e ;+,,es/7n+te, /n t;e een s+/, >e:o0e >5t e n54>e0e, @o00e+t/ve? /n ette0s8+@e, on t;e 588e0 8+0t o: e+@; 8+7e. In t;/s @+se t;e ,e@e,ent 5n/e t;eot; 8+7es o: t;e e0e,/@ n54e0+s. T;e0e /s + /ne o: t;o57;t t;+t ;+s ,/s+>5se, t;e not/on t;+t

t;ese te @onst05e, +s 4+n,+to0?.B(*T+en /n /so+t/on t;eseo4/ss/ons >? t;e4seves 4+? not >e s5H@/ent to ,en? 80o>+te to + e ,e o: + 7ene0+ +@ o: ,5e 0e7+0, :o0t;e 0e5/0e4ents 5n,e0 A0t/@e %#* >?


32/127

P. COLLADO UDIT& P0esentPROVIDO CLARITA PROVIDOALFREDO PROVIDO MANUEL PUNOJ.,PROVIDO R. LORNA DINA Chairman,E. PROVIDO SEVERO ARENA AUSTRIAMARTINEZ

R. SERIO ARENA EDUARDO CALLEO SR.

ARENA CAROL ARENA RUT& TINA +n,$A$ASA NORMA &IASTRO C&ICONAZARIOJJ.DOLORES M. FLORES ANTONIOMARIN R. OSE MARIN SR. +n,MAT&ILDE MARIN P0o457+te,Petitioners,Se8te4>e0 23 2##* ve0s5s

COURT OF APPEALS +n,

FRANCISCO &. PROVIDO"espondents.99

D E C I S I O N

TINAJ.


33/127

T;/s /s + 8et/t/on :o0 0ev/e< o: t;e "esolutionsB1o: t;e Co50t o: A88e+s CA /n CA.R. SP No. 6"221B2,/s4/ss/n7 8et/t/one0s 8et/t/on :o0 +nn54ent o: 5,74ent.On % Nove4>e0 2### 0es8on,ent F0+n@/s@o P0ov/,o 0es8on,ent =e, + 8et/t/on,o@ete, +s SP P0o@. No. ##13* :o0 t;e 80o>+te o: t;east 9ill and TestamentB3o:t;e +te Soe,+, P0ov/,o Eeven@/on+,o ,e@e,ent e0 2### /n

+n/5+? Io/o.B(Res8on,ent +e7e, t;+t ;e


34/127

RTC *ecisions;o5, >e +nn5e, +n, set +s/,e on t;e 70o5n, o: e9t0/ns/@ :0+5, +n,+@ o: 50/s,/@t/on on t;e 8+0t o: t;e RTC.B1*

In /ts "esolutionB1680o457+te, on 2% Fe>05+0? 2##2 t;e CA ,/s4/sse, t;e 8et/t/on.It :o5n, t;+t t;e0e +0.B21

Fo0 ;/s 8+0t 0es8on,ent @+/4s t;+t 8et/t/one0s


35/127

Pet/t/one0s 4+/nt+/n t;+t t;e?


36/127

R5e 8e04/ts t;e =/n7 o: + 4ot/on :o0 0e@ons/,e0+t/on on t;e 70o5n,s o: e9@ess/ve+


37/127

5,74ent /s 0en,e0e,.B3(In :+@t /t ;+s >een ;e, t;+t + 8e0son


38/127

An +@t/on :o0 +nn54ent o: 5,74ent /s + 0e4e,? /n +< /n,e8en,ent o: t;e @+see +nn5e, e +nn5e, +n, /t /s on? essent/+t;+t ;e @+n 80ove ;/s +e7+t/on t;+t t;e 5,74ent t+/ne, >? t;e 5se o: :0+5,+n, @o5s/on +n, ;e e +,ve0se? +Je@te, t;e0e>?.B(*

An +@t/on to +nn5 + =n+ 5,74ent on t;e 70o5n, o: :0+5, /es on? /: t;e :0+5, /se9t0/ns/@ o0 @o+te0+ /n @;[email protected](6F0+5, /s 0e7+0,e, +s e9t0/ns/@


39/127

One ot;e0 v/t+ 8o/nt /s t;e /ss5e o: :o054s;o88/n7 +7+/nst 8et/t/one0s. Fo054s;o88/n7 @ons/sts o: =/n7 45t/8e s5/ts /n ,/Je0ent @o50ts e/t;e0 s/45t+neo5s? o0s5@@ess/ve? /nvov/n7 t;e s+4e 8+0t/es to +s t;e @o50ts to 05e on t;e s+4e o00e+te, @+5ses +n,Go0 to 70+nt t;e s+4e o0 s5>st+nt/+? s+4e 0e/e:s B*1on t;es588os/t/on t;+t one o0 t;e ot;e0 @o50t e ,/s8os/t/on.B*2O>v/o5s? t;e 8+0t/es /n t;e /nst+nt @+se +s e:o0et;e CA +0e t;e s+4e. $ot; @+ses ,e+


40/127

est+te on t;e t;eo0? t;+t t;e ,e@e,ent ,/e, /ntest+te. T;e 8et/t/on


41/127

t;e4seves /n o50 @o50ts. t;e @o50ts o: t;e P;//88/ne Is+n,s +0e not +5t;o0/Ke, tot+e A4e0/@+n Un/on. S5@; +e 80ove, +s :+@ts. In 0e Est+te o: o;nsonB1"1% 3" P;/. 1*6. &e0e t;e 0e5/0e4ents o: t;e +<


42/127

St+te o: West s8e@/=@ 80ono5n@e4ents on t;e v+/,/t? o0 v+/,/t? o: t;/s +e7e,,/vo0@e.

Fo0 + o: t;e :o0e7o/n7 t;e 5,74ent +88e+e, :0o4 e +H04e, strand, Johns, "omualde7 and )illa-"eal, JJ., concur

RULE !3

FULE v CA.R. No. L(#*#2 Nove4>e0 2" 1"!6

VIRINIA ARCIA FULE +n, &ONORA$LE SEVERO A. MALVAR P0es/,/n7 5,7e Co50t

o: F/0st Inst+n@e o: L+75n+ $0+n@; V 8et/t/one0svs.

T&E &ONORA$LE COURT OF APPEALS PRECIOSA $. ARCIA +n, AUSTINA $.ARCIA 0es8on,ents.

.R. No. L(26!# Nove4>e0 2" 1"!6

VIRINIA ARCIA FULE 8et/t/one0vs.&ONORA$LE ERNANI C. PAO P0es/,/n7 5,7e o: Co50t o: F/0st Inst+n@e o: R/K+5eKon C/t? $0+n@; XVIII +n, PRECIOSA $. ARCIA 0es8on,ents.

(rancisco Carreon for petitioners.Au&usto /. /atma#tan for private respondents.

MARTINJ.8

T;ese t0/n7 to Us t;e 5est/on o: + L+75n+ +n,/n ot;e0 8+@es e Co50t.Q At t;e s+4e t/4es;e 4ove,ex parte:o0 ;e0 +88o/nt4ent +s s8e@/+ +,4/n/st0+t0/9 ove0 t;e est+te. On even,+te M+? 2 1"!3 5,7e M+v+0 70+nte, t;e 4ot/on.


43/127

A 4ot/on :o0 0e@ons/,e0+t/on ? P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ on M+? % 1"!3@onten,/n7 t;+t t;e o0,e0 +88o/nt/n7 V/07/n/+ . F5e +s s8e@/+ +,4/n/st0+t0/9 to0 o: t;e est+te o: A4+,o . +0@/+. P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ t;e0e:o0e 80+?e, t;+ts;e >e +88o/nte, s8e@/+ +,4/n/st0+t0/9 o: t;e est+te /n /e5 o: V/07/n/+ . F5e +n,+s 0e75+0 +,4/n/st0+t0/9 +:te0 ,5e ;e+0/n7.

W;/e t;/s 0e@ons/,e0+t/on 4ot/on e:o0e t;e Co50t P0e@/os+$. +0@/+ =e, on M+? 2" 1"!3 + 4ot/on to 0e4ove V/07/n/+ . F5e +s s8e@/++,4/n/st0+t0/9 +e7/n7 >es/,es t;e 50/s,/@t/on+ 70o5n, 0+/se, /n t;e 4ot/on :o00e@ons/,e0+t/on o: M+? % 1"!3 t;+t ;e0 +88o/nt4ent t+/ne, t;0o57;e00oneo5s 4/se+,/n7 +n,Go0 /n@o48ete 4/s0e80esent+t/ons' t;+t V/07/n/+ . F5e;+s +,ve0se /nte0est +7+/nst t;e est+te' +n, t;+t s;e ;+s s;oe

+s +,4/n/st0+t0/9 +n, +s oH@e0 o: t;e @o50t.

In t;e 4e+nt/4e t;e not/@e o: ;e+0/n7 o: t;e 8et/t/on :o0 ette0s o: +,4/n/st0+t/on=e, >? V/07/n/+ . F5e + L+75n+ /s;e, on M+? 1! 2( +n, 31 1"!3 /n t;e4a#anihan,+ /@+t/on o:7ene0+ @/0@5+t/on /n So5t;e0n L5Kon.

On 5ne 6 1"!3 P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ 0e@e/ve, + QS588e4ent+ Pet/t/on :o0 t;eA88o/nt4ent o: Re75+0 A,4/n/st0+to0 =e, >? V/07/n/+ . F5e. T;/s s588e4ent+8et/t/on 4o,/=e, t;e o0/7/n+ 8et/t/on /n :o50 +s8e@ts 1 t;e +e7+t/on t;+t ,50/n7t;e /:et/4e o: t;e ,e@e+se, A4+,o . +0@/+ ;e


44/127

@+/n7 +ttent/on to t;e /4/t+t/on 4+,e >? 5,7e M+v+0 on t;e 8ost/t5te V/07/n/+ . F5e +s s8e@/+ +,4/n/st0+t0/9 0e+son/n7 t;+t t;e s+/, V/07/n/+. F5e +,4/tte, >e:o0e >e:o0e t;e @o50t t;+t s;e /s + :5>oo,e, s/ste0 o: P+>o .A@+,e +n /e7/t/4+te son o: An,0e+ A@+,e 5s 4ot/on o:V/07/n+ . F5e +n, t;e 4ot/on to ,/s4/ss =e, >? P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+. Resov/n7 t;e4ot/on to ,/s4/ss 5,7e M+v+0 05e, t;+t t;e 8oe@t on? tot;e 80ev/o5s 5+/=@+t/on 4+,e >? t;e @o50t t;+t t;e +,4/n/st0+t/on o: t;e80o8e0t/es s5>e@t o: t;e 4+0et/n7 +70ee4ent +n7 S57+0 P+nte0sCoo8e0+t/ve M+0et/n7 Asso@/+t/on s;o5, 0e4+/n


45/127

o>e@t/ons t;e0eto >? 80+?/n7 to >e +88o/nte, +s s8e@/+ +n, 0e75+0 +,4/n/st0+t0/9o: t;e est+te.

An o4n/>5s 4ot/on ? P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ on De@e4>e0 2! 1"!3 to @+0/:?o0 0e@ons/,e0 t;e :o0e7o/n7 o0,e0 o: 5,7e M+v+0 /n v/e< o: 80ev/o5s @o50t o0,e0/4/t/n7 t;e +5t;o0/t? o: t;e s8e@/+ +,4/n/st0+t0/9 to t;e 4+/n7 o: +n /nvento0?.

P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ +so +se, :o0 t;e 0eso5t/on o: ;e0 4ot/on to ,/s4/ss t;e8et/t/ons :o0 +@ o: @+5se o: +@t/on +n, +so t;+t =e, /n >e;+: o: A75st/n+ $.+0@/+. Reso5t/on o: ;e0 4ot/ons to s5>st/t5te +n, 0e4ove t;e s8e@/++,4/n/st0+t0/9 e0 1" 1"!3 /nso:+0 +s t;e? s5st+/ne, o0

:+/e, to 05e on t;e /ss5es 0+/se, >? ;e0 + e7+ st+n,/n7 @+5se o: +@t/on o:V/07/n/+ . F5e' > ven5e' @ 50/s,/@t/on' , +88o/nt4ent 5+/=@+t/on +n,0e4ov+ o: s8e@/+ +,4/n/st0+t0/9' +n, e ,e/ve0? to t;e s8e@/+ +,4/n/st0+t0/9 o:@;e@s +n, 8+8e0s +n, eJe@ts /n t;e oH@e o: t;e C++4>+ S57+0 P+nte0sCoo8e0+t/ve M+0et/n7 Asso@/+t/on In@.

On M+0@; 2! 1"!3 5,7e M+v+0 /ss5e, t;e =0st 5est/one, o0,e0 ,en?/n7 P0e@/os+$. +0@/+s 4ot/on :o0 0e@ons/,e0+t/on o: +n5+0? ! 1"!(. On 5? 1" 1"!( 5,7eM+v+0 /ss5e, t;e ot;e0 t;0ee 5est/one, o0,e0s one ,/0e@t/n7 R+4on Me0@+,o o:t;e C++4>+ S57+0 P+nte0s Coo8e0+t/ve M+0et/n7 Asso@/+t/on In@. to :50n/s;V/07/n/+ . F5e +s s8e@/+ +,4/n/st0+t0/9 @o8? o: t;e st+te4ent o: +@@o5nts +n,

=n+ /5/,+t/on o: s57+0 8oo +s


46/127

/n t;e +te0n+t/ve to v+@+te t;e 5est/one, :o50 o0,e0s o: t;+t @o50t v/K. one ,+te,M+0@; 2! 1"!( ,en?/n7 t;e/0 4ot/on :o0 0e@ons/,e0+t/on o: t;e o0,e0 ,en?/n7 t;e/04ot/on to ,/s4/ss t;e @0/4/n+ +n, s588e4ent+ 8et/t/ons on t;e /ss5e +4on7ot;e0s o: 50/s,/@t/on +n, t;e t;0ee ot;e0s + ,+te, 5? 1" 1"!( ,/0e@t/n7 t;e,e/ve0? o: @e0t+/n 80o8e0t/es to t;e s8e@/+ +,4/n/st0+t0/9 V/07/n/+ . F5e +n, to

t;e @o50t.On +n5+0? 3# 1"!* t;e Co50t o: A88e+s 0en,e0e, 5,74ent +nn5/n7 t;e80o@ee,/n7s >e:o0e 5,7e Seve0o A. M+v+0 /n S8. P0o@. 2!C o: t;e Co50t o: F/0stInst+n@e o: C++4>+ L+75n+ :o0 +@ o: 50/s,/@t/on.

Den/e, o: t;e/0 4ot/on :o0 0e@ons/,e0+t/on on M+0@; 31 1"!* V/07/n/+ . F5e:o0t;? @e0t/o0+0/. T;e @+se 05+0? 1 1"!* + 8et/t/on :o0ette0s o: +,4/n/st0+t/on >e:o0e t;e Co50t o: F/0st Inst+n@e o: R/K+ 5eKon C/t?

$0+n@; ,o@ete, +s S8. P0o@. No. 1"!3% ove0 t;e s+4e /ntest+te est+te o:A4+,o . +0@/+. On Fe>05+0? 1# 1"!* P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ 507ent? 4ove, :o0 ;e0+88o/nt4ent +s s8e@/+ +,4/n/st0+t0/9 o: t;e est+te. 5,7e V/@ente . E0/@t+ 70+nte,t;e 4ot/on +n, +88o/nte, P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ +s s8e@/+ +,4/n/st0+t0/9 58on + >on,o: P3####.##. P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ 5+/=e, +n, +ss54e, t;e oH@e.

Fo0 t;e =0st t/4e on Fe>05+0? 1( 1"!* P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ /n:o04e, 5,7e E0/@t+ o:t;e 8en,en@? o: S8. P0o@. No. 2!C >e:o0e 5,7e M+v+0 o: t;e Co50t o: F/0st Inst+n@eo: L+75n+ +n, t;e +nn54ent o: t;e 80o@ee,/n7s t;e0e/n >? t;e Co50t o: A88e+s on

+n5+0? 3# 1"!*. S;e 4+n/:este, ;oe:o0e;/s @o50t 5nt/ P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ /n:o04 t;e @o50t o: t;e =n+ o5t@o4e o: t;e @+se8en,/n7 >e:o0e t;e Co50t o: A88e+s. T;/s note0 11 1"!* +n QU07ent Pet/t/on :o0 A5t;o0/t? to P+? Est+te O>/7+t/ons.Q

On De@e4>e0 13 1"!* V/07/n/+ . F5e =e, + QS8e@/+ A88e+0+n@e to 5est/onVen5e +n, 50/s,/@t/onQ 0e/te0+t/n7 t;e 70o5n,s st+te, /n t;e 80ev/o5s s8e@/++88e+0+n@e o: M+0@; 3 1"!* +n, @+/n7 +ttent/on t;+t t;e ,e@/s/on o: t;e Co50t o:A88e+s +n, /ts 0eso5t/on ,en?/n7 t;e 4ot/on :o0 0e@ons/,e0+t/on ;+, >een

+88e+e, to t;/s Co50t' t;+t t;e 8+0t/es ;+, +0e+,? =e, t;e/0 0es8e@t/ve >0/e:s' +n,t;+t t;e @+se /s st/ 8en,/n7 >e:o0e t;e Co50t.

On De@e4>e0 1! 1"!* 5,7e E0n+n/ C05K P+no /7+t/onsQ /n t;+t t;e 8+?4ents ene=t o: t;e est+te +n, t;+t t;e0e;+n7s + @o5, o: ,o5>t on t;e v+/,/t? o: t;e 80o@ee,/n7s /n S8. P0o@. No. 2!C o: t;eCo50t o: F/0st Inst+n@e o: L+75n+.


47/127

A @o48/+n@e o: t;/s O0,e0 ? P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ on +n5+0? 121"!6.

On Fe>05+0? (1"!( VIRINIA . FULE /nst/t5te, /.". o. -BD; + 8et/t/on :o0@e0t/o0+0/ e o: +ssets /ntest+@? e@+5se s5@; e7+ 80ov/s/on /s @ont+/ne, /n + +< o: 80o@e,50e ,e+/n7 4e0e?


48/127

t;e 5,74ent 4+? t;e0e>? >e 0en,e0e, ,e:e@t/ve :o0 +@ o: so4et;/n7 essent/+ tos5st+/n /t. T;e +88e+0+n@e o: t;/s 80ov/s/on /n t;e 80o@e,50+ +< +t on@e 0+/ses +st0on7 80es548t/on t;+t /t ;+s not;/n7 to ,o e@t 4+tte0. In 8+/n o,/? 80esen@e +s +n inhaitant/n + 7/ven 8+@e o,/?80esen@e /n t;+t 8+@e +n, +so +n /ntent/on to 4+e /t ones ,o4/@/e. 1#No8+0t/@5+0 en7t; o: t/4e o: 0es/,en@e /s 0e5/0e, t;o57;' ;oe 4o0e t;+n te48o0+0?. 11

3. D/ve07ent @+/4s +0e 4+/nt+/ne, >? V/07/n/+ . F5e +n, P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ on t;e

0es/,en@e o: t;e ,e@e+se, A4+,o . +0@/+ +t t;e t/4e o: ;/s ,e+t;. In ;e0 o0/7/n+8et/t/on :o0 ette0s o: +,4/n/st0+t/on >e:o0e t;e Co50t o: F/0st Inst+n@e o: C++4>+L+75n+ V/07/n/+ . F5e 4e+se? st+te, Qt;+t on A80/ 261"!3 A4+,o . +0@/+ a

propert# o!ner of Calama, a&una ,/e, /ntest+te /n t;e C/t? o: M+n/+ e+v/n7 0e+est+te +n, 8e0son+ 80o8e0t/es /n C++4>+ L+75n+ +n, /n ot;e0 8+@es e Co50t.Q P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ +ss+/e, t;e 8et/t/on :o0:+/50e to s+t/s:? t;e 50/s,/@t/on+ 0e5/0e4ent +n, /480o8e0 +?/n7 o: ven5e. Fo0;e0 t;e 5ote, st+te4ent +ve0s no ,o4/@/e o0 0es/,en@e o: t;e ,e@e+se, A4+,o .


49/127

+0@/+. To s+? t;+t +s Q80o8e0t? o+ L+75n+Q ;e +so 0es/,es /nC++4>+ L+75n+ /s +@@o0,/n7 to ;e0 non sequitur. On t;e @ont0+0? P0e@/os+ $.+0@/+ @+/4s t;+t +s +88e+0/n7 /n ;/s ,e+t; @e0t/=@+te 80esente, >? V/07/n/+ .F5e ;e0se: >e:o0e t;e C++4>+ @o50t +n, /n ot;e0 8+8e0s t;e +st 0es/,en@e o:A4+,o . +0@/+ ,/v/s/on 5eKon C/t?.

P+0ent;et/@+? /n ;e0 +4en,e, 8et/t/on V/07/n/+ . F5e @+te7o0/@+? +e7e, t;+tA4+,o . +0@/+s Q+st 8+@e o: 0es/,en@e + L+75n+.Q

On t;/s /ss5e We 05e t;+t t;e +st 8+@e o: 0es/,en@e o: t;e ,e@e+se, A4+,o .+0@/+ ,/v/s/on 5eKon C/t? +n, not+tC++4>+ L+75n+. A ,e+t; @e0t/=@+te /s +,4/ss/>e to 80ove t;e 0es/,en@e o: t;e,e@e,ent +t t;e t/4e o: ;/s ,e+t;. 12As /t /s t;e ,e+t; @e0t/=@+te o: A4+,o .+0@/+ ?P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ s;o+L+75n+ s;o< /n >o, ,o@54ents t;+t A4+,o . +0@/+s +st 8+@e o: 0es/,en@e e@o4es /48e0+t/ve t;+t t;e ven5e :o0V/07/n/+ C. F5es 8et/t/on :o0 ette0s o: +,4/n/st0+t/on + L+75n+. Neve0t;eess t;e on7sette, 05e /st;+t o>e@t/on to /480o8e0 ven5e /s s5>e@t to e@te, to /n + 4ot/onto ,/s4/ss /t /s ,ee4e, e:o0e Us t;e Co50t o: A88e+s ;+,

0e+son to ;o, t;+t /n +s/n7 to s5>st/t5te V/07/n/+ . F5e +s s8e@/+ +,4/n/st0+t0/9P0e@/os+ $. +0@/+ ,/, not ne@ess+0/? e@t/on to t;e 50/s,/@t/on o0ven5e +ss54e, >? t;e Co50t o: F/0st Inst+n@e o: C++4>+ L+75n+ >5t +v+/e, o: +4e0e 80+@t/@+ 0eso0t to +te0n+t/ve 0e4e,? to +sse0t ;e0 0/7;ts +s s50v/v/n7 s8o5se


50/127


51/127


52/127

&e e9e@5te, on +n5+0? 23 1"*" t!o !ills /n S+n F0+n@/s@o C+/:o0n/+. One 0oo +s +


53/127


54/127

P1""2233.6" +s est+te t+9 +n, 8en+t/es +n, t;+t ;e /nte08ose, no o>e@t/on tot;e t0+ns:e0 o: t;e est+te to 0/44s ;e/0s 8. 1*3 Re@o0,. T;e @o50t note, t;e@e0t/=@+t/on +s /n @on:o04/t? e0 1"!" o0 :o0 +period of more than %ve months,t;e0e


55/127

+n, t;e 5,7e +ss/7ne, to t;e test+te 80o@ee,/n7 s;o5, @ont/n5e ;e+0/n7 t;e t


56/127

In v/e< o: t;e ,e4500e0 /nte08ose, >? @o5nse :o0 t;e ,e:en,+nt +n, t;e +0754ents80esente, >? ;/4 /n s588o0t t;e0eo: t;e @o50t s5st+/ne, s+/, ,e4500e0 on t;e70o5n, +e7e, >? t;e ,e:ense +n, ,/s4/sse, t;e /n:o04+t/on.

F0o4 t;e o0,e0 o: t;e @o50t s5st+/n/n7 t;e ,e4500e0 +n, ,/s4/ss/n7 t;e /n:o04+t/ont;e 80ov/n@/+ =s@+ =e, +n +88e+ >? v/0t5e een >0o57;t 58

>e:o0e t;/s @o50t :o0 0ev/e+ses t;e5est/on o: +< +s to e @o48ee, >? t;e @o50t to+nseen on@e /n eo8+0,? t;+t /s t;+t ;e;+s >een t0/e, o0 ;+s >een /n ,+n7e0 o: >e/n7 @onv/@te, :o0 t;e s+4e @0/4e >5tse@t/on 2( t;e0eo: B/n@5,es /t +s + ,e:ense t;+t 45st >e set 58 /n t;e +ns


57/127


58/127

t;/n /t s5H@/ent? +88e+0s :0o4 t;e o8/n/on o: t;e t0/+ 5,7e +n, t;e >0/e:s =e, /nt;e @o50t >eoeent0/e, o0 +0e +@t5+? 8en,/n7 >e:o0e t;e s+4e 5,7e. $5t /n t;e +>sen@e o: o>e@t/on+n, +s + 4+tte0 o: @onven/en@e to + 8+0t/es + @o50t 4+? 80o8e0? t0e+t + o0 +n?8+0t? o: t;e o0/7/n+ 0e@o0, o: + @+se =e, /n /ts +0@;/ves +s 0e+, /nto t;e 0e@o0, o: +@+se 8en,/n7 >e:o0e /t ?? t;e t0/+ 5,7e /n 05/n7 on t;e 8e+. We @on@5,e t;+t t;e0e ? t;e Atto0ne?ene0+ +s + 70o5n, :o0t;/s +88e+.

In t;e 0e@o0, o: t;e 80o@ee,/n7s /n t;e @o50t >eo< t;e 8e+ ente0e, >? t;e,e:en,+nt /s so4et/4es 0e:e00e, to +s + 8e+ o: Q,o5>e eo8+0,? on t;e 70o5n, o: +:o04e0 @onv/@t/on o: t;e s+4e oJense.Q It 4+? >e se0ve t;+t een 5se, /n + >o+0, sense /n 8e+s+0 to +ne< t0/+ se@t/on 2( +n, 2* o: ene0+ O0,e0s No. *% @e+0? /n,/@+te t;e /ntent/ono: t;e e7/s+to0 t;+t t;e +880o80/+te ,/st/n@t/on s;o5, >e 4+,e /n t;e :o04 o: t;e8e+ /n +@@o0,+n@e e 80ove, t;e0e5n,e0.

W;e0e ;o0o+,e0 te04 e+,s to no @on:5s/on +n, es8e@/+?


59/127

We e980ess? 0ese0ve o50 o8/n/on not on? +s to t;e 4e0/ts o: t;e @+se ,e@/,e, /nt;e @o50t >eo5t +so +s to t;e 0/7;t o: t;e Atto0ne?ene0+ to >0/n7 t;e

5,74ent ente0e, t;e0e to t;/s @o50t :o0 0ev/e< 58on t;e 4e0/ts ne/t;e0 o: t;ese5est/on ;+v/n7 >een 0+/se, o0 s5>4/tte, >? ;/4 /n ;/s >0/e:.

T;e 70o5n,s 58on e/n7 e ,/s4/sse, no o! Petitioner.

Roo C . Ca!4o o! Private Respondent.

SLLA2US

1. CIVIL LAW' CREDIT TRANSACTION' CONCURRENCE AND PREFERENCE OFCREDITS' INSUFFICIENT ASSETS OF DE$TOR RAISES UESTION OF PREFERENCE ASWELL AS UESTION OF CONSEUENCE IN CONCURRENCE OF CREDITS. Con@500en@e o: @0e,/ts o@@50s to0 o0 +o: ;/s 80o8e0t? /s s5>e@te, to t;e @+/4s o: seve0+ @0e,/to0s. T;e @on@500en@e o:@0e,/ts 0+/ses no 5est/ons o: @onse5en@e to0 /s s5H@/ent to 8+? /n :+ + t;e @0e,/to0s. &oe@o4es 4+te0/+


60/127

22(" o: t;e @/v/ Co,e o: t;e P;//88/nes on? t+9es +n, +ssess4ents 58on/44ov+>e 80o8e0t? eno? +>so5te 80e:e0en@e. A t;e 0e4+/n/n7 s8e@/=e, @+sseso: 80e:e00e, @0e,/to0s 5n,e0 A0t/@e 22(2 eno? no 80/o0/t? +4on7 t;e4seves. T;e/0@0e,/ts s;+ >e s+t/s=e, 80o0+t+ /.e. /n 80o8o0t/on to t;e +4o5nt o: t;e 0es8e@t/ve@0e,/ts.

3. ID.' ID.' ARTICLE 22(" AND 22(2 OF T&E NEW CIVIL CODE' PAIL REUISITE TOT&EIR FULL APPLICATION UNDER T&E DE $ARRETO CASE. Un,e0 t;e De $+00eto,e@/s/on t;e :5 +88/@+t/on o: A0t/@es 22(2 +n, 22(" ,e4+n,s t;+t t;e0e 45st=0st >e so4e 80o@ee,/n7 e>/n,/n7? +,5,/@+te, s5@; +s /nsoven@? t;e sette4ent o: + ,e@e,ents est+te5n,e0 R5e %! o: t;e R5es o: Co50t o0 ot;e0 /5/,+t/on 80o@ee,/n7s o: s/4/+0/48o0t.

(. REMEDIAL LAW' INSOLVENC- PROCEEDINS AND SETTLEMENT OF A DECEDENTSESTATE' $OT& PROCEEDINS IN REM OT&ER EUIVALENT ENERAL LIUIDATIONOF SIMILAR NATURE. Insoven@? 80o@ee,/n7s en, sette4ent o: + ,e@e,entsest+te +0e >ot; 80o@ee,/n7s /n 0e4 /n,/n7 t;e ? s5@;80o@ee,/n7.

3. ID.' ACTION FOR COLLECTION OF UNPAID CONTRACTORS FEE' NOT AN ACTION INREM. T;e 80o@ee,/n7s /n t;e @o50t >eo< ,o not 8+0t+e o: t;e /ns50e o:/nsoven@? 80o@ee,/n7s o0 sette4ent o: + ,e@e,ents est+te. T;e +@t/on =e, >?R+4os e/n7 + 7ene0+ /5/,+t/on o: t;e est+te o: t;e T+>/7+ns8o5ses.

6. CIVIL LAW' CREDIT TRANSACTION' ANNOTATION OF CLAIMS AND CREDITS ASSTATUTOR- LIENS' RELEVANCE TO T&E STA$ILIT- OF T&E TORRENS S-STEM. Int;e @+se +t >+0 +t;o57; t;e o+n e /n,e:e+s/>e e+n, 5est/on+>e. S5@; @o5, not ;+ve >een t;e /ntent/on o: A0t/@e 22(3 o: t;e C/v/Co,e +t;o57; /t @ons/,e0s @+/4s +n, @0e,/ts 5n,e0 A0t/@e 22(2 +s st+t5to0? /ens.Ne/t;e0 ,oes t;e De $+00eto @+se s+n@t/on s5@; /nst+>//t?. In :+@t +n +nnot+t/on +ss577este, +>ove ene=t o: t;e 85>/@ 8+0t/@5+0? t;ose se5ent? 5? t;e 80o8e0t? /n 5est/on o0 5s/nesst0+ns+@t/on /n @onne@t/on t;e0e? +@;es See M+n/+ R+/0o+, Co. v. L5KonSteve,o0/n7 Co. 1## P;/. 13*.


61/127

!. ID.' SALE' $U-ER IN OOD FAIT& OF REALT-' TA)ES IT FEE FROM LIENS ANDENCUM$RANCES OT&ER T&AN STATUTOR- LIENS AND T&OSE ANNOTATED IN T&E

TITLE' CASE AT $AR. S/n@e t;e +@t/on =e, >? t;e 80/v+te 0es8on,ent /s not onee @ons/,e0e, +s Qe5/v+ent 7ene0+ /5/,+t/onQ ;+v/n7 t;e s+4e /48o0t

+s +n /nsoven@? o0 sette4ent o: t;e ,e@e,ents est+te 80o@ee,/n7 t;e /s;e, 80/n@/8e 45st >e +88/e, t;+t + 850@;+se0 /n 7oo, :+/t; +n, :o0 v+5et+es 0e7/ste0 +n, :0ee :0o4 /ens +n, en@54>0+n@es ot;e0 t;+n st+t5to0? /ens +n,t;ose 0e@o0,e, /n t;e Ce0t/=@+te o: T/te. It Is +n /4/te, :+@t t;+t +t t;e t/4e t;e,ee,s o: 0e+ est+te 4o0t7+7e /n :+vo0 o: t;e 8et/t/one0 >+n /7+n 0+n@es so t;+t t;e on? 0e7/ste0e, /ens /n t;e t/te ? 0es8on,ent 5,7e 0e7o0/o T. L+nt/n /n C/v/ C+se No.!""1( ent/te, C+n,/,o R+4os v. P;//88/ne S+v/n7s $+n +n, o: t;e o0,e0 ,en?/n7

+ 4ot/on :o0 /ts 0e@ons/,e0+t/on. T;e ,/s8os/t/ve 8o0t/on o: t;e ,e@/s/on0e+,s7@@;+n0o>[email protected];

QW&EREFORE 5,74ent /s ;e0e>? 0en,e0e, /n :+vo0 o: t;e 8+/nt/J +n, +7+/nst t;e,e:en,+nt o0,e0/n7 t;e ,e:en,+nt to 8+? t;e 8+/nt/J t;e s54 o: P1*###.## +s ;/s80o0+t+ s;+0e /n t;e v+5e o: t;e ,58e9+8+0t4ent ;o5se ? t;e8+/nt/J :o0 t;e s8o5ses /e/7+n +n, So@o00o Es8/0/t5 ? t;e Re7/ste0 o: Dee,s o: t;e C/t? o: M+n/+ on A575st 6 1"!#? t;e ,e:en,+nt /s ;e0e>? ,/s4/sse,.Q@0++0+0?

Invove, /n t;/s @+se /s + ,58e9+8+0t4ent ;o5se on + ot @ove0e, >? TCT No.%61"* s/t5+te, +t S+n D/e7o St0eet S+48+o@ M+n/+ +n, o? t;e s8o5sesF/o4eno +n, So@o00o T+>/7+n.


62/127

T;e ,58e9+8+0t4ent ;o5se 5/t :o0 t;e s8o5ses >? 80/v+te 0es8on,entC+n,/,o R+4os + ,5? /@ense, +0@;/te@t +n, >5/,/n7 @ont0+@to0 +t + tot+ @ost o:P32"2!.##. T;e s8o5ses 8+/, 80/v+te 0es8on,ent t;e s54 o: P!13".## on?. &en@et;e +tte0 5se, ;/s oes.@o4@0++05+0? 2% 1"6! t;es8o5ses T+>/7+n o>t+/ne, :0o4 8et/t/one0 P;//88/ne S+v/n7s $+n t;0ee 3 o+ns /nt;e tot+ +4o5nt o: P3*###.## t;e 8508ose o: e0 1" 1"66 t;e 8et/t/one0 0e7/ste0e, t;e De@e4>e0 16 1"66 ,ee, o:0e+ est+te 4o0t7+7e se5ent4o0t7+7es o: Fe>05+0? 1 1"6! +n, Fe>05+0? 2% 1"6! t+/n/n7 t;e/ss5+n@e o: +


63/127

v/0t5+ +0+0?

T;e 8+0t/es +0e +70ee, t;+t t;e on? /ss5e /s e 80ov/s/on A0t/@e 22(2 o: t;e C/v/ Co,e 0e+,s +s

:[email protected];QART. 22(2. W/t; 0e:e0en@e to s8e@/=@ /44ov+>e 80o8e0t? +n, 0e+ 0/7;ts o: t;e,e>to0 t;e :ooe 80e:e00e, +n, s;+@onst/t5te +n en@54>0+n@e on t;e /44ov+>e o0 0e+ 0/7;t7@@;+n0o>[email protected];

Q1 T+9es ,5e 58on t;e +n, o0 >5/,/n7'

Q2 Fo0 t;e 5n8+/, 80/@e o: 0e+ 80o8e0t? so, 58on t;e /44ov+>e so,'

Q3 C+/4s o: +>o0e0s 4+sons 4e@;+n/@s +n, ot;e0 ?+tt+@;4ents o0 e9e@5t/ons 58on t;e 80o8e0t? +Je@te, +n, on? +s to +te0 @0e,/ts'

Q% C+/4s o: @o;e/0s :o0 e +4on7 t;e458on t;e 0e+ 80o8e0t? t;5s ,/v/,e,'

Q" C+/4s o: ,ono0s o: 0e+ 80o8e0t? :o0 8e@5n/+0? @;+07es o0 ot;e0 @on,/t/ons/48ose, 58on t;e ,onee 58on t;e /44ov+>e ,on+te,'

Q1# C0e,/ts o: /ns50e0s 58on t;e 80o8e0t? /ns50e, :o0 t;e /ns50+n@e 80e4/54 :o0t0+0?

$ot; t;e 8et/t/one0 >+n +n, 80/v+te 0es8on,ent R+4os 0e? on t;e @+se o: De$+00eto v. V/+n5ev+ 6 SCRA "2%.

T;e 8et/t/one0 >+n e:o0et;e @o50t >eo< /s not one o: t;e 80o@ee,/n7s @onte48+te, /n t;e De $+00eto @+set;+t


64/127

80e:e00e, @0e,/to0s 5n,e0 A0t/@e 22(2 o: t;e C/v/ Co,e. Pet/t/one0 +075es t;+t :o0A0t/@e 22(2 o: t;e C/v/ Co,e to +88? t;e0e 45st ;+ve >een +n /nsoven@?80o@ee,/n7 o0 ot;e0 /5/,+t/on 80o@ee,/n7s o: s/4/+0 /48o0t. An, 5n,e0 t;e :+@tst;en o>t+/n/n7 t;e0e @o5, ;+ve >een no /nsoven@? 80o@ee,/n7 +s t;e0e /7+n >e@+5se t;e on? e9/st/n7 80o8e0t? o: s+/, s8o5ses /s t;e 80o8e0t?s5>e@t 4+tte0 o: t;/s /t/7+t/on.@;+n0o>es v/0t5++0+0?@;+n0o>es.@o4@;+n0o>[email protected];

Con@500en@e o: @0e,/ts o@@50s to0 o0 +o: ;/s 80o8e0t? /s s5>e@te, to t;e @+/4s o: seve0+ @0e,/to0s. T;e @on@500en@e o:@0e,/ts 0+/ses no 5est/ons o: @onse5en@e to0 /s s5H@/ent to 8+? /n :5 + t;e @0e,/to0s. &oe@o4es 4+te0/+ e 80o8e0t? eno? +>so5te 80e:[email protected] t;e 0e4+/n/n7 s8e@/=e, @+sses o: 80e:e00e, @0e,/to0s 5n,e0 A0t/@e 22(2 eno? no80/o0/t? +4on7 t;e4seves. T;e/0 @0e,/ts s;+ >e s+t/s=e, 80o0+t+ /.e. /n80o8o0t/on to t;e +4o5nt o: t;e 0es8e@t/ve @0e,/ts.

Un,e0 t;e De $+00eto ,e@/s/on t;e :5 +88/@+t/on o: A0t/@es 22(2 +n, 22(",e4+n,s t;+t t;e0e 45st =0st >e so4e 80o@ee,/n7 e >/n,/n7? +,5,/@+te, s5@; +s /nsoven@? t;esette4ent o: + ,e@e,ents est+te 5n,e0 R5e %! o: t;e R5es o: Co50t o0 ot;e0/5/,+t/on 80o@ee,/n7s o: s/4/+0 /48o0t.

T;e 8e0t/nent 05/n7 0e+,s7@@;+n0o>[email protected];

QT;5s /t >e@o4es ev/,ent t;+t one 80e:e00e, @0e,/to0s t;/0,8+0t? @+/4 to t;e80o@ee,s o: + :o0e@os50e s+e +s /n t;e @+se no< >e:o0e 5s /s not t;e 80o@ee,/n7@onte48+te, >? +< :o0 t;e en:o0@e4ent o: 80e:e0en@es 5n,e0 A0t/@e 22(2 5nesst;e @+/4+nt so5te 80/o0/t?. I: none o:t;e @+/4s /s :o0 t+9es + ,/s85te >ete +88o0t/one,


65/127

on? >ete 0eve0se,.

QIn t;e +>sen@e o: /nsoven@? 80o@ee,/n7s o0 ot;e0 e5/v+ent 7ene0+ /5/,+t/on o:t;e ,e>to0s est+te t;e @on/@t >ete:o0e 5s 45st >e,e@/,e, 850s5+nt to t;e /s;e, 80/n@/8e @on@e0n/n7 0e7/ste0e, +n,s' t;+t

+ 850@;+se0 /n 7oo, :+/t; +n, :o0 v+5e +s t;e +88e+nt @on@e,e,? /s t+es0e7/ste0e, 80o8e0t? :0ee :0o4 /ens +n, en@54>0+n@es ot;e0 t;en st+t5to0? /ens +n,t;ose 0e@o0,e, /n t;e @e0t/=@+te o: t/te. T;e0e >e/n7 no /nsoven@? o0 /5/,+t/ont;e @+/4 o: t;e +88eee +s 5n8+/, ven,o0 ,/, not +@5/0e t;e @;+0+@te0 +n, 0+no: + st+t5to0? /en @oe5+ to t;e 4o0t7+7ees 0e@o0,e, en@54>0+n@e +n, 45st0e4+/n s5>o0,/n+te to t;e +tte0.Q@0++< v/0t5+1+< />0+0?

T;e 0eso5t/on o: t;/s 8et/t/on t;e0e:o0e ;/n7es on t;e ,ete04/n+t/on o: e@ons/,e0e, to ;+ve >een @on,5@te, /n t;e @o50t >[email protected];

QT;e0e st+nt/+@o48/+n@e e0 2" 1"62.Q

A @+0e:5 @ons/,e0/n7 o: t;/s 8et/t/on e+,s 5s to +70ee eo< ,o not 8+0t+e o: t;e n+t50e o: t;e /nsoven@?80o@ee,/n7s o0 sette4ent o: + ,e@e,ents est+te. T;e +@t/on =e, >? R+4os e/n7 + 7ene0+ /5/,+t/on o: t;e est+te o: t;e T+>/7+n s8o5ses.

Insoven@? 80o@ee,/n7s +n, sette4ent o: + ,e@e,ents est+te +0e >ot; 80o@ee,/n7s/n 0e4 /n,/n7 +7+/nst t;e ? s5@; 80o@ee,/n7.

In t;e @+se +t >+0 +t;o57; t;e o


66/127

@on@5s/ve. It +0 ot;e0 @0e,/to0s /n t;e event t;e? s;o< 58 +n, 80esentt;e/0 @+/4s +7+/nst t;e 8et/t/one0 >+n @+/4/n7 t;+t t;e? +so ;+ve 80e:e00e, /ens+7+/nst t;e 80o8e0t? /nvove,. Conse5ent? T0+ns:e0 Ce0t/=@+te o: T/te No. 1#1%6(/ss5e, /n :+vo0 o: t;e >+n e /n,e:e+s/>e e +n, 5est/on+>e. S5@; @o5, not ;+ve >een t;e /ntent/on o:

A0t/@e 22(3 o: t;e C/v/ Co,e +t;o57; /t @ons/,e0s @+/4s +n, @0e,/ts 5n,e0 A0t/@e22(2 +s st+t5to0? /ens. Ne/t;e0 ,oes t;e De $+00etto @+se s+n@t/on s5@; /nst+>//t?.It e48;+s/Ke, t;e :[email protected];

QWe +0e 5n,e0st+n,+>? o+t; +>sent + @e+0 80e@e8t o: +< so @o44+n,/n7 to+,o8t + 05e t;+t e +@@o0,e, to 0e7/ste0e,

To00ens t/tes +n, n5/:? t;e >ene=@/ent o>e@t/ves so57;t to >e o>t+/ne, >? t;eL+n, Re7/st0+t/on A@t. No +0754ent /s nee,e, to st0ess t;+t /: + 8e0son ,e+/n7 e@t to + t;e:o50teen 80e:e00e, @+/4s en54e0+te, /n A0t/@e 22(2 o: t;e ne< C/v/ Co,e even /:t;e e9/sten@e +n, /48o0t t;e0eo: @+n not >e +s@e0t+/ne, :0o4 t;e 0e@o0,s +@on=,en@e /n To00ens t/tes e ,est0o?e, +n, @0e,/t t0+ns+@t/ons on t;e :+/t;o: s5@; t/tes e ;+48e0e, /: not 80evente, e 0es5ts. Lo+nson 0e+ est+te se@50/t? e@o4e +e+to0? +n, 0/s? t0+ns+@t/ons :o0 no80os8e@t/ve en,e0 @o5, +@@50+te? est/4+te t;e ;/,,en /ens on t;e 80o8e0t?oJe0e, +s se@50/t? 5ness ;e /n,57e, /n @o48/@+te, te,/o5s /nvest/7+t/ons. T;eo7/@+ 0es5t 4/7;t e + @ont0+@t/on o: @0e,/t to 5n:o0ese+>e 80o8o0t/ons t;+t@o5, e+, to e@ono4/@ ,/s+ste0.

QU8on t;e ot;e0 ;+n, /t ,oes not +88e+0 e9@ess/ve? >50,enso4e to 0e5/0e t;e80/v/e7e, @0e,/to0s to @+5se t;e/0 @+/4s to >e 0e@o0,e, /n t;e >oos o: t;e Re7/ste0o: Dee,s s;o5, t;e? ,es/0e to 80ote@t t;e/0 0/7;ts even o5ts/,e o: /nsoven@? o0/5/,+t/on 80o@ee,/n7s.

In :+@t +n +nnot+t/on +s s577este, +>ove ene=t o: t;e 85>/@8+0t/@5+0? t;ose se5ent? 5? t;e 80o8e0t? /n 5est/on o05s/ness t0+ns+@t/on /n @onne@t/on t;e0e? +@;es. SeeM+n/+ R+/0o+, Co. v. L5Kon Steve,o0/n7 Co. 1## P;/. 13*.@;+n0o>es +< />0+0?

Res8on,ent R+4os +,4/tte, /n t;e 8+0t/+ st/85+t/on o: :+@ts s5>4/tte, >? >ot;8+0t/es t;+t +t t;e t/4e o: t;e o+ns to t;e s8o5ses t;e 8et/t/one0s >+n ;+, no+@t5+ o0 @onst05@t/ve no


67/127


68/127


69/127

e:t >? t;e ,e@e+se, :0o4 t;e t/4e o: ;/s ,e+t;. In t;e @+se o: 'lustre vs. Alaras(rondosa s580+ /t ts e9/ste, +7+/nst ;/s est+te +n, t;+t + o: t;e ;e/0s o: S+t50n/no F5e? v/0t5e o: t;e 80ov/s/ons o: +0t/@es 6*! 6*" +n, 661 o: t;e

C/v/ Co,e + o: t;e 80o8e0t? 0e+ +n, 8e0son+ o: + ,e@e+se, 8e0son


70/127

,e80/ve t;e 0e+ o


71/127


72/127


73/127

$enn? S+48/o +n, &ono0+to S++@58 ;+ve +88e+e, to t;/s Co50t >? @e0t/o0+0/ +n,;+ve +ss/7ne, t;e :oo0/e:

I

T;e Co50t o: A88e+s e00e, /n +H04/n7 t;+t 0es8on,ent Fe/s+ S/no8e0+s 0/7;to: +@t/on to 0e@ove0 ;e0 +n, ;e0 @o;e/0s 8+0t/@/8+t/on to t;e +n,s /n5est/on ;+, not 80es@0/>e, +t t;e t/4e t;e +@t/on to 0e@ove0


74/127


75/127


76/127


77/127


78/127


79/127


80/127

50/s,/@t/on /n +@t/n7 58on t;e s+/, 5est/on /n /ts @+8+@/t? +s 80o>+te @o50t. On t;e:+@e o: s5@; /ss5e


81/127


82/127


83/127

;e/0s +s on /ts :+@e 8+tent? n5 +n, vo/, +n, + :+>0/@+t/on +88o/nt/n7 Po?C+?et+no +s t;e e9e@5t0/9 o: ;/s +st st/t5te ;e0se: +s 8et/t/one0 /n t;e /nst+nt @+se e0 13 1"%2.

A 4ot/on to ,/s4/ss t;e 8et/t/on on t;e 70o5n, t;+t t;e 0/7;ts o: t;e 8et/t/one0

&e04o7enes C+48os 4e07e, 58on ;/s ,e+t;


84/127

st/t5te, >? Att?. F0+n@o Lo?o+ ? t;e +< o: t;e n+t/on o: t;e ,e@e,ent.

t;e +< /s;e, 85>/@8o/@? +n,


85/127

,e@e,ent 45st +88?. T;/s


86/127

5est/on/n7 t;e 50/s,/@t/on o: t;e 80o>+te @o50t /n t;e 8et/t/on :o0 0e/e:. It /s +sette, 05e t;+t + 8+0t? @+nnot /nvoe t;e 50/s,/@t/on o: + @o50t to se@50e+H04+t/ve 0e/e: +7+/nst ;/s o88onent +n, +:te0 :+//n7 to o>t+/n s5@; 0e/e:0e85,/+te o0 5est/on t;+t s+4e 50/s,/@t/on. See S+5o7 T0+ns/t In@. vs. &on.M+n5e L+K+0o et +. . R. No. 63 2%( A80/ ( 1"%(.

W&EREFORE t;e 8et/t/on :o0 @e0t/o0+0/ +n, 80o;/>/t/on /s ;e0e>? ,/s4/sse, :o0 +@o: 4e0/t.

SO ORDERED.

2elencio-0errera, Plana, "elova and *e la (uente, JJ., concur.

Teehan1ee, J., 5Chairman6, too1 no part.

RP v. COURT OF APPEALS +n, $O$ILESG.R. No. 9*)* Jana!< *, 199*

REPU2LIC OF T"E P"ILIPPINES, 8et/t/one0vs.COURT OF APPEALS and HENAIDA C. 2O2ILES, 0es8on,ents.

The +olicitor /eneral for petitioner.

2ariano 4. 2iranda for private respondent.

REGALADO,J.:

D/ss+t/s=e, 05+0? 2# 1""# 105+0? 2 1"%% Zen+/,+ Co0teK+ $o>/es =e, + 8et/t/on to +,o8t +son Con,+tt;en s/9 6 ?e+0s o, +n, een /v/n7 e s5H@/ent /n :o04 +n, s5>st+n@e /ss5e,+n o0,e0 ,+te, Fe>05+0? 1* 1"%% sett/n7 t;e 8et/t/on :o0 ;e+0/n7 on M+0@; 2%1"%%. T;e o0,e0 /s;e, ? se0ve, on t;eSo/@/to0 ene0+' Ass/st+nt P0ov/n@/+ F/s@+ Me,/+v/o 0. o: A>+?' S+v+,o0 Con,+t:+t;e0 o: t;e @;/,' +n, t;e so@/+


87/127

5et/n >o+0, o: t;e @o50t +n, /n t;e ot;e0 8+@es /t ;+, 0e5/0e,:o0 t;+t 8508ose. No>o,? +88e+0e, to o88ose t;e 8et/t/on. 5

Co48/+n@e een 80ove, +t t;e ;e+0/n7t;e test/4on/es o: ;e0e/n 80/v+te 0es8on,ent to7et;e0 +n,

D/os@o0o $o>/es +n, one M+. L5K S++4eno o: t;e De8+0t4ent o: So@/+ We:+0e+n, Deveo84ent ? e/t;e0 o: t;e s8o5ses o0 >? >ot; o: t;e4. &o


88/127

0et0o+@t/ve? to t;e 8et/t/on =e, >? M0s. $o>/es +s t;e +tte0 ,/, not +@5/0e +veste, 0/7;t to +,o8t +son Con,+t >? t;e 4e0e =/n7 o: ;e0 8et/t/on :o0 +,o8t/on.We +0e not 8e0s5+,e,.

P0e/4/n+0/? se0ve t;+t 8et/t/one0s t;eo0? /48/es t;+t t;e non/n@5s/on o:

D/os@o0o $o>/es +s + @o8et/t/one0 /s + 50/s,/@t/on+ ,e:e@t ;en@e /ts 80+?e0 :o0 +no5t0/7;t ,/s4/ss+ on t;+t s@o0e. It @o5, not >e t+/n7 e9@e8t/on on? on t;e 70o5n,o: nono/n,e0 s/n@e 8et/t/one0 45st >e +e@t/on ;+s >een 0+/se, :o0 t;e =0st t/4e on +88e+ /n 0es8on,ent @o50t.Nonet;eess e@t to t;e 5+/=@+t/on t;+t s5@; 0et0os8e@t/ve +88/@+t/on? ;e0se: +n, t;e0e/n. W;en M0s.$o>/es =e, ;e0 8et/t/on s;e


89/127

+n, 80o@ee,/n7s +s ? t;e +< /n :o0@e e75n +:te0 t;e/0 en+@t4ent +t;o57;e:o0e /t 7oes /nto eJe@t s/n@e 80o@e,50e 45st >e 7ove0ne, >? t;e +< 0e75+t/n7 /t+t t;e t/4e t;e 5est/on o: 80o@e,50e +0/ses.15

T;e 50/s,/@t/on+ +s ,/st/n75/s;e, :0o4 t;e 850e? 80o@e,50+ +s8e@t o: + @+se /s

s5>st+nt/ve /n n+t50e +n, /s s5>e@t to + 4o0e st0/n7ent 05e. A 8et/t/on @+nnot >e,/s4/sse, >? 0e+son o: :+/50e to @o48? e/n7 + 8et/t/one0. We ,o not @ons/,e0 t;/s +s +ten+>e 8os/t/on +n, +@@o0,/n7? 0ee@t t;e s+4e.

At;o57; D/os@o0o $o>/es ? ;/s


90/127

3. T;+t !e are %lin& t;e @o00es8on,/n7 Pet/t/on :o0 A,o8t/on o: s+/,4/no0 @;/, ASON CONDAT >e:o0e t;e 5ven/e +n, Do4est/@Re+t/ons @o50t no< t;e Re7/on+ T0/+ Co50t /n Le7+s8/ C/t? A>+? /nt;e P;//88/nes'

(. T;+t I D/os@o0o C. $o>/es +s t;e ;5s>+n, +n, :+t;e0 +4 7/v/n7 4?++C>"> C. 4>4'E+ /n +n? @o50t o: 5st/@e'E48;+s/s s588/e,. 1&

999 999 999

T;e :o0e7o/n7 ,e@+0+t/ons +n, ;/s s5>se5ent @on=04+to0? test/4on? /n o8en@o50t +0e s5H@/ent to 4+e ;/4 + @o8et/t/one0. Un,e0 t;e @/0@54st+n@es t;eno>t+/n/n7 +n, >? 0e+son o: ;/s :o0e/7n 0es/,en@e ;e 45st ;+ve ?/e,e, to t;e e7+

+,v/@e t;+t +n +H,+v/t o: @onsent on ;/s 8+0t s5H@e, to 4+e ;/4 + 8+0t? to t;e8et/t/on. T;/s /s ev/,ent :0o4 t;e te9t o: ;/s +H,+v/t. P5n@t//o5sness /n +n75+7e+n, 8e,+nt0? /n t;e :o04+ 0e5/0e4ents s;o5, ?/e, to +n, >e es@;est+nt/+ 5st/@e. T;e :5t50e o: +n /nno@ent @;/, 45st not>e @o480o4/se, >? +0>/t0+0? /ns/sten@e o: 0/7/, +,;e0en@e to 80o@e,50+ 05es ont;e :o04 o: 8e+,/n7s.

We see no 0e+son ene=@ent 8508oses o: t;e +,o8t/on /nst/t5t/on+n, to 80ote@t t;e +,o8te, @;/, /n t;e 0/7;ts +n, 80/v/e7es @o4/n7 to /t +s + 0es5to: t;e +,o8t/on. 19T;e 4o,e0n ten,en@? o: t;e @o50ts /s to ;o, t;+t t;e0e nee, not>e 4o0e t;+n + s5>st+nt/+ @o48/+n@e


91/127

In s588o0t o: t;/s 05e /t /s s+/, t;+t /t /s not t;e ,5t? o: t;e @o50ts to >0/n7 t;e5,/@/+ 4/@0os@o8e to >e+0 58on t;e @+se /n o0,e0 t;+t eve0? s/7;t ,e:e@t 4+? >een+07e, +n, 4+7n/=e, so t;+t + 0e+son 4+? >e :o5n, :o0 ,e@+0/n7 /nv+/, +n +@t@ons544+te, ?e+0s >e:o0e >5t 0+t;e0 to +880o+@; t;e @+se e,. *

In t;e @+se +t >+0 t;e 0/7;ts @on@o4/t+nt to +n, @on:e00e, >? t;e ,e@0ee o:+,o8t/on e :o0 t;e >est /nte0ests o: t;e @;/,. &/s +,o8t/on /s


92/127

+o< @;/,ess @o58es o0 8e0sons to e98e0/en@e t;e o?s o: 8+0ent;oo, +n, 7/vet;e4 e7+? + @;/, /n t;e 8e0son o: t;e +,o8te, :o0 t;e 4+n/:est+t/on o: t;e/0n+t50+ 8+0ent+ /nst/n@ts. Eve0? 0e+son+>e /nten,4ent s;o5, >e s5st+/ne, to80o4ote +n, :5= t;ese no>e +n, @o48+ss/on+te o>e@t/ves o: t;e +? DENIED.

SO ORDERED.

2elencio-0errera, Paras, Padilla and ocon, JJ., concur.

AO v. COURT OF APPEALS +n, AOG.R. No. 1*&)1 Ma< *9, *00*

RODOLFO V. JAO, 8et/t/one0

vs.COURT OF APPEALS and PERICO V. JAO, 0es8on,ents.

NARESSANTIAGO,J.:

Ro,o:o +n, Pe0/@o +o e +88o/nte, +ss8e@/+ +,4/n/st0+to0. &e +e7e, t;+t ;/s >0ot;e0 Ro,o:o es t;e0e/n.

Ro,o:o 4ove, :o0 t;e ,/s4/ss+ o: t;e 8et/t/on on t;e 70o5n, o: /480o8e0ven5e.2&e +075e, t;+t t;e ,e@e+se, s8o5ses ,/, not 0es/,e /n 5eKon C/t? e/t;e0,50/n7 t;e/0 /:et/4e o0 +t t;e t/4e o: t;e/0 ,e+t;s. T;e ,e@e,ents +@t5+ 0es/,en@et+/n/n7 4e,/@+ t0e+t4ent +n, ;os8/t+/K+t/on. Ro,o:o s5>4/tte, ,o@54ent+0?ev/,en@e 80ev/o5s? e9e@5te, >? t;e ,e@e,ents @ons/st/n7 o: /n@o4e t+9 0et50nsvote0s +H,+v/ts st+te4ents o: +ssets +n, /+>//t/es 0e+ est+te t+9 8+?4ents4oto0 ve;/@e 0e7/st0+t/on +n, 8+ss8o0ts + /n,/@+t/n7 t;+t t;e/0 8e04+nent0es/,en@e


93/127

e:o0et;e? ,/e,


94/127

Ro,o:os 4ot/on :o0 0e@ons/,e0+t/on ? t;e Co50t o: A88e+s /n t;e+ss+/e, 0eso5t/on ,+te, Fe>05+0? 1! 1""!.12&en@e t;/s 8et/t/on :o0 0ev/e


95/127

T;e 4+/n /ss5e >e:o0e 5s /s e ;+, /nP+48+n7+ /t+nt o:t;e P;//88/nes +t t;e t/4e o: ;/s ,e+t; e @onteste, /n + s5/t o080o@ee,/n7 e9@e8t /n +n +88e+ :0o4 t;+t @o50t /n t;e o0/7/n+ @+se o0 e sette, o0 ette0s o:+,4/n/st0+t/on 70+nte, /n t;e 80o8e0 @o50t o@+te, /n t;e 80ov/n@e /o 8+sse, +/o @;+n7e, ;/s 0es/,en@e >e@+5se st0/@t?s8e+/n7 ;/s 8;?s/@+ 80esen@e /n 5eKon C/t? +0 t;e0e /s s5>st+nt/+ 80oo: t;+t t;e ,e@e,ents ;+ve t0+ns:e00e, to8et/t/one0s 5eKon C/t? 0es/,en@e. Pet/t/one0 :+/e, to s5H@/ent? 0e:5te0es8on,ents +sse0t/on t;+t t;e/0 e,e0? 8+0ents st+?e, /n ;/s ;o5se :o0 so4e t;0eeto :o50 ?e+0s >e:o0e t;e? ,/e, /n t;e +te 1"%#s.


96/127

F50t;e04o0e t;e ,e@e,ents 0es8e@t/ve ,e+t; @e0t/=@+tes st+te t;+t t;e? ot;0es/,ents o: 5eKon C/t? +t t;e t/4e o: t;e/0 ,e4/se. S/7n/=@+nt? /t ? t;e @o50t a quo. We +70ee se0v+t/on t;+t s/n@e t;e ,e+t; @e0t/=@+tes e:o0e 8et/t/one0 +n, 0es8on,ent 5+00ee, ove0 t;e/0/n;e0/t+n@e t;e? 4+? >e 0e/e, 58on to 0ee@t t;e t05e s/t5+t/on +t t;e t/4e o: t;e/08+0ents ,e+t;.

T;e ,e+t; @e0t/=@+tes t;5s 80ev+/e, +s 80oo:s o: t;e ,e@e,ents 0es/,en@e a6 6(6/ o da6(,ove0 t;e n54e0o5s ,o@54ent+0? ev/,en@e 80esente, >? 8et/t/one0.

To >e s50e t;e ,o@54ents 80esente, >? 8et/t/one0 8e0t+/ne, no6 6o!/dn' a6

6( 6/ o da6(,+s 0e5/0e, >? t;e R5es o: Co50t >5t to :!ann6!/dn' o! do/'/4. In /arcia-(ule v. Court of Appeals,16e /nte080ete, /n t;e /7;t o: t;eo>e@t o0 8508ose o: t;e st+t5te or rule/n o,e. It s/7n/=es 8;?s/@+ 80esen@e /n + 8+@e +n, +@t5+ st+? t;e0e+t. Int;/s 8o85+0 sense t;e te04 4e+ns 4e0e? 0es/,en@e t;+t /s 8e0son+ 0es/,en@enot e7+ 0es/,en@e o0 ,o4/@/e. Res/,en@e s/48? 0e5/0es >o,/? 80esen@e +s +n/n;+>/t+nt /n + 7/ven 8+@e o,/? 80esen@e /n t;+t 8+@e+n, +so +n /ntent/on to 4+e /t ones ,o4/@/e. No 8+0t/@5+0 en7t; o: t/4e o:0es/,en@e /s 0e5/0e, t;o57;' ;oe 4o0e t;+nte48o0+0?.1!

$ot; t;e sette4ent @o50t +n, t;e Co50t o: A88e+s :o5n, t;+t t;e ,e@e,ents ;+ve>een /v/n7 e s5>st+nt/+te, >? t;e ev/,en@e on 0e@o0,. A@ose 8e05s+ o: t;e @;+en7e, ,e@/s/on s;oeo< @ons/,e0e, not on? t;e ,e@e,ents 8;?s/@+ 80esen@e /n5eKon C/t? >5t +so ot;e0 :+@to0s /n,/@+t/n7 t;+t t;e ,e@e,ents st+? t;e0e/n sen@e o: +n? s5>st+nt/+ s;o


97/127

@o50ts :+@t5+ =n,/n7s ste44e, :0o4 +n e00oneo5s +880e;ens/on o: t;e ev/,en@e80esente, t;e s+4e 45st >e ;e, to >e @on@5s/ve +n, >/n,/n7 58on t;/s Co50t.

Pet/t/one0 st0+/ns to ,/Je0ent/+te >et


98/127


99/127

+n, ,o@54ent+0? ev/,en@e /n s588o0t o: ;/s 4ot/on +s/s o: t;e ev/,en@e o: 80/v+te

0es8on,ent Leon+0,o /4eneK 0. e@t 80o8e0t/es @o5, not ;+ve >een +@5/0e, ,50/n7 t;e 4+00/+7e o: L/no

/4eneK to enovev+ C+o>o? >e@+5se t;e? e0 1%1"%2 +n, >? 80es@0/8t/on +n, +@;es. &o? 80/o0 5,74ent >e@+5set;e 80o>+te @o50t ;+, no 50/s,/@t/on to ,ete04/ne


100/127

:o0certiorari +n,mandamus=e, >? 8et/t/one0s >e:o0e t;e +88e+te @o50t


101/127

s5>e@t 80o8e0t/es /n S.P. *3(6 +00e,:0o4 /nst/t5t/n7 t;e +880o80/+te +@t/on /n C/v/ C+se No. 16111.

In,ee, t;e 70o5n,s 0e/e, 58on >? 80/v+te 0es8on,ents /n t;e/0 4ot/on to ,/s4/ss,o not +88e+0 to >e /n,5>/t+>e.:L!phi:"es 3udicata ;+s >een s;oe5n+v+/+>e +n, t;e ot;e0 70o5n,s o: 80es@0/8t/on +n, +@;es 8e+,e, >? 80/v+te

0es8on,ents +0e se0/o5s? ,/s85te,. T;e +e7+t/on /n t;e @o48+/nt /s t;+t t;e ;e/0so: Leon+0,o /4eneK S0. 0e:e00/n7 to 80/v+te 0es8on,ents :o0@/>? /nt05,e, /nto +n,too 8ossess/on o: t;e ,/s85te, 80o8e0t/es on? /n 1"!% +:te0 t;e ,e+t; o:enovev+ C+o>o?. S/n@e t;e +@t/on :o0 0e@onve?+n@e


102/127

TUMALAand FREIRA GA2ATANPet/t/one0sve0s5s"ON. COURT OF

APPEALS andLOURDES EVEROPACANA,Res8on,ents.

CORONALEONARDODE CASTRO +n,$RIONJJ.

P0o457+te,M+0@; 13 2##"

99D E C I S I O NLEONARDODE CASTRO,J.#Ass+/e, +n, so57;t to >e set +s/,e /n t;e /nst+nt 8et/t/on :o0 0ev/e< on @e0t/o0+0/+0e t;e De@/s/onB1,+te, A80/ 2% 2### +n, Reso5t/onB2,+te, Se8te4>e0 12

2##1 o: t;e Co50t o: A88e+s CA /n CA .R. CV No. *22!3. T;e @;+en7e,De@/s/on +H04e, t;e ,e@/s/onB3o: t;e Re7/on+ T0/+ Co50t RTC o: C+7+?+n ,e O0oC/t? $0+n@; 1" ,+te, O@to>e0 2# 1""* /n C/v/ C+se No. %"#"2 +n +@t/on :o0Re@ove0? o: P0o8e0t? +n, O?0es8on,ent Lo50,es Eve0o P+@+n+ +7+/nst 8et/t/one0s ;e/0s o: Teo=o +>+t+n es5s

+>/n/s +n, C+t+/no A@+nt/+,o.S5>e@t o: t;e 80esent @ont0ove0s? /s + 1.1#62 ;e@t+0e 8+0@e o: +n, /,ent/=e, +sLot 3#"* C* +n, s/t5+te, +t C+/n57+n $+5+n7 C+7+?+n ,e O0o C/t?. T;/s ot +t+n. In t;e @o48+/nt >e:o0e t;e RTC0es8on,ent +e7e, t;+t s;e /s t;e soe o+t+n Teo=o +n, Teo=os +t+n :o0 +,4/n/st0+t/on. It 5tto no +v+/. A:te0 &e04o7en+s ,e+t; 0es8on,ent +so ,/, t;e s+4e >5t 8et/t/one0s0e:5se, to ;ee, t;e n54e0o5s ,e4+n,s to s500en,e0 t;e s5>e@t80o8e0t?. A@@o0,/n7 to 0es8on,ent


103/127

e@t +n,' t;e :o04e0 /s 4e0e? t;e;5s>+n, o: Teo=os ,+57;te0 05+0? 21 1"!% ,o@ete, +s C/v/ C+se No. *%(# >5t t;e@+se ? 0en,e0e, /n :+vo0 o: t;e 8+/nt/J +n, +7+/nst t;e,e:en,+nts ,e@+0/n7 t;e 8+/nt/J t;e o? AFFIRMED. W/t; @osts +7+/nst +88e+nts.SO ORDERED.D/s@o5nt/n7 8et/t/one0s +0754ent t;+t 0es8on,ent /s not 0e+te, to 5+n +>+t+nt;e CA ,e@+0e, t;+t 0es8on,ents @+/4 o: =/+t/on +t+n /s;e, ,50/n7 t0/+. T;5s t;e CA e@;oe, + on7 /ne o: 50/s805,en@et;+t =n,/n7s o: :+@t o: t;e t0/+ @o50t +0e ent/te, to 70e+t e, e9@e8t :o0 @o7ent 0e+sons s5@; +s ? ev/,en@e.
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/march2009/150206.htm#_ftn8http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/march2009/150206.htm#_ftn8


104/127

T;e CA /e? M+@+0/++>+t+n ,e A>0o7+0 Teo=o &e04o7en+ +n, ;e/0s o: 5st+ +>+t+n 57+n L+n+o ,e No0te P;//88/nes +s &e/0 o: t;e ,e@e+se, UAN

A$ATAN' 9 9 9.

To t;e CA t;e Dee, o: A>so5te S+e on 5? 3# 1"66 @ont+/n/n7 s5@; ,e@+0+t/on? @ons+n75/n/t? /s +t+n7/>e 80oo: t;+t t;e? +@no+t+n. A88?/n7 Se@t/on 3% R5e 13#B6o: t;e R5es o: Co50t on t;e ,e@+0+t/on+7+/nst /nte0est t;e CA 05e, t;+t 8et/t/one0s @o5, not ,en? t;+t even t;e/0 ve0?o+t+n e@+5se t;e/0

80e,e@esso0/n/nte0est Teo=o neve0 ;e, t;e 80o8e0t? /n t;e @on@e8t o: +n oot; s50n+4e, +>+t+n +0e t;e soe +n, s50v/v/n7;e/0s o: 5+n +>+t+n +n, t;e0e:o0e ent/te, to /n;e0/t t;e +n, s5>e@t 4+tte0;e0eo:'FIFT" ERROR T;e oeen >+00e, >? +@;es +n,Go0 80es@0/8t/on.B!

$e:o0e 80o@ee,/n7 to t;e 4e0/ts o: t;e @+se e 0+/se, /n + 8et/t/on :o0 0ev/e< on @e0t/o0+0/5n,e0 R5e (* o: t;e R5es o: Co50t. 5est/ons o: :+@t @+nnot >e t;e s5>e@t o: t;/s8+0t/@5+0 4o,e o: +88e+ :o0 t;/s Co50t /s not + t0/e0 o: :[email protected]%It /s not o50 :5n@t/onto e9+4/ne +n, ev+5+te t;e 80o>+t/ve v+5e o: t;e ev/,en@e 80esente, >e:o0e t;e@on@e0ne, t0/>5n+ 58on +se,.B"

&o/s;e, e9@e8t/ons to t;e 05e on @on@5s/veness o: t;e=n,/n7s o: :+@t >? t;e o


105/127


106/127

4+,e on? /n + s8e@/+ 80o@ee,/n7 /n+s45@; +s t;e 8et/t/one0s ;e0e +0e see/n7 t;eest+>/s;4ent o: + st+t5s o0 0/7;t.B13

In t;e e+0? @+se o: itam, et al. v. "ivera,B1(t;/s Co50t 05e, t;+t t;e ,e@+0+t/on o:;e/0s;/8 45st >e 4+,e /n + s8e@/+ 80o@ee,/n7 +n, not /n +n /n,e8en,ent @/v/+@t/on.T;/s ,o@t0/ne


107/127


108/127

/480ess/on o: t;e o0/7/n+ @e0t/=@+te. T;e :o04s s/@ /s +n o, one 5se, /n t;e1"*#s. &e0 4ot;e0s 4+/,en n+4e +88e+0/n7 t;e0eo: /s &e04o7/n+ s/@ C+0/to+>+t+n. W;/e E9;/>/t 1 t;e ent0/es :o5n, t;e0eo: s/@ /s ;+n,e +n+88+0ent +tte48t to t;e/eve t;+t E9;/>/t A :o0 t;e 8+/nt/J /s :+0 4o0e 7en5/ne +n, +5t;ent/@ @e0t/=@+te o:/ve >/0t;.B2#

&+v/n7 @+0e:5? e9+4/ne, t;e 5est/one, >/0t; @e0t/=@+tes e7/n /t A +s t;e t0/+@o50t note, s@0/>e to t;e t0/+ @o50ts v/e< t;+t s/n@e t;e ent0/es /n E9;/>/t 1 //t?. Ve0/? t;e @e0t/=e, t05e@o8/es o: t;e ;+n,/0t; @e0t/=@+te o: 0es8on,ent 8et/t/one0s E9;/>/ts 1 +n,% ? t


109/127

;+n,/0t; @e0t/=@+te :o5n, /n t;e 0e@o0,s o: t;e NSO M+n/+ :0o4 /t % 0o57;t t;e/0 0es8e@t/ve oH@es @o8/es o: 0es8on,ents >/0t; @e0t/=@+te/n @o48/+n@e 8oen+s /ss5e, >? t;e t0/+ @o50t +n, t;e0e /s no s;oet/t A +n, 8et/t/one0s E9;/>/ts 1 +n, % t;e +tte0 ,o@54ents,ese0ve to >e 7/ven 70e+te0 80o>+t/ve /0t; @e0t/=@+te 80esente,>? 0es8on,ent E9;/>/t A /s + 0e/+>e ,o@54ent t;e s+4e on /ts :+@e /s /ns5H@/entto 80ove 0es8on,ents =/+t/on to ;e0 +e7e, 70+n,:+t;e0 5+n +>+t+n. A t;+tE9;/>/t A /: /t ;+, >een @0e,/>e +n, +5t;ent/@ +t+n. Even t;e CA;e, t;+t t;e @on/@t/n7 @e0t/=@+tes o: /ve >/0t; o: 0es8on,ent s5>4/tte, >? t;e8+0t/es on? 80ove, t;e =/+t/on o: 0es8on,ent to &e04o7en+.B2%

It so5te? @05@/+ to 0es8on,ents @+5se o: +@t/on t;+t s;e @onv/n@/n7?80oves t;e =/+t/on o: ;e0 4ot;e0 to 5+n +>+t+n. To 0e/te0+te to 80ove t;e0e+t/ons;/8 o: 0es8on,ents 4ot;e0 to 5+n +>+t+n o50 +estev/,en@e o: s5@; :+4//+ t/e /0t; +88e+0/n7 /n t;e C/v/ Re7/ste0o0 +n +5t;ent/@ ,o@54ent o0 + =n+ 5,74ent. In t;e +>sen@e o: t;ese 0es8on,ents;o5, ;+ve 80esente, 80oo: t;+t ;e0 4ot;e0 eno?e, t;e @ont/n5o5s 8ossess/on o:t;e st+t5s o: + e7/t/4+te @;/,. On? /n t;e +>sen@e o: t;ese t+t+n.&o/0t; @e0t/=@+te est ev/,en@e o: &e04o7en+s 0e+t/ons;/8 to 5+n +>+t+n +t+n.Res8on,ent 0e/e, on t;e test/4on? o: ;e0


110/127


111/127

o: t;e @e0t/:?/n7 oH@e0 45st st+te /n s5>st+n@e t;+t t;e @o8? /s + @o00e@t @o8? o:t;e o0/7/n+ o0 + s8e@/=@ 8+0t t;e0eo: +s t;e @+se 4+? >e.B(#

To >e7/n /t & so5te S+e /n ;/s not+0/+ 0e7/ste0 +n, to :o0/@ o0 t;e 80o8e0 @o50t t;+t ;+s @5sto,? o: ;/s not+0/+ 0e7/ste0 t;+t@o5, ;+ve 80o,5@e, t;e o0/7/n+ o0 + @e0t/=e, t05e @o8? t;e0eo:. Inste+, t;e Dee,o: A>so5te S+e ? Fe/@/s/4+ N+7+@ P+@+n+ e + s/7n+to0? t;e0eto /s not + ,/s/nte0este, e 7e+ne, :0o4;e0 test/4on? s;e ;+, no 8e0son+ noso5te S+e. S;e ,/, not even no< /t & :0o4 t;e +ssesso0s [email protected](1To >e s50e t;e 0o5n,+>o5t+n, ,e:e@t/ve 4+nne0 o: +5t;ent/@+t/on o: E9;/>/t & 0en,e0s /t /n+,4/ss/>e :o0 t;e8508ose /t +t+n +@no+t+n +s ;e/0 o: 5+n +>+t+n.Even /: /t & +n,@ons/,e0 t;e s+4e +,4/ss/>e /t st/ nonet;eess +t+n +t+n. E9;/>/t & ,oes nots;o< t;e =/+t/on o: 0es8on,ent to e/t;e0 &e04o7en+ +>+t+n o0 5+n +>+t+n. As,/s@5sse, +>ove t;e on? ,o@54ent t;+t 0es8on,ent 80o,5@e, to ,e4onst0+te ;e0=/+t/on to &e04o7en+ +>+t+n 0es8on,ents E9;/>/t A t >? @ont0+0? ev/,en@e 80esente, >? 8et/t/one0s.As :o0 t;e /ss5e o: +@;es


112/127

s;o5, ;+ve e9e0te, eve0? eJo0t to 80ese0ve v+5+>e ev/,en@e +n, s8ee,/? /t/7+te;e0 @+/4. As ? REVERSED+n, SET ASIDE. T;e @o48+/nt +n, +4en,e, @o48+/nt

/n C/v/ C+se No. %"#"2 +0e DISMISSED:o0 +@ o: 4e0/t.SO ORDERED.

TERESITA J. LEONARDODE CASTROAsso@/+te 5st/@eMONTAER v. S&ARIA DISTRICT COURT

FIRST DIVISION

LUISA -"O MONTAER, ALEJANDROMONTAER, JR., LILLI2ET"MONTAER2ARRIOS, ANDR"ODORA ELEANOR MONTAERDALUPAN,

Pet/t/one0s

ve0s5s

S"ARIA DISTRICT COURT, FOURT"

G.R. No. 17975

P0esent

PUNO C.J., C;+/08e0son

CARPIO

CORONA

AZCUNA +n,
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/march2009/150206.htm#_ftn51http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2009/march2009/150206.htm#_ftn51


113/127


114/127

@o48+/nt /s >+00e, >? 80es@0/8t/on +s /t sees to est+>/s; =/+t/on >ete0 22 2##* t;e S;+0/+ D/st0/@t Co50t ,/s4/sse, t;e 80/v+te 0es8on,ents@o48+/nt. T;e ,/st0/@t @o50t ;e, t;+t Ae+n,0o Mont+e0 S0. 5t/on o: t;e est+te o:,e@e+se, M5s/4s.B11

On De@e4>e0 12 2##* 80/v+te 0es8on,ents =e, + Mot/on :o0 Re@ons/,e0+t/on.B12On De@e4>e0 2% 2##* 8et/t/one0s =e, +n O88os/t/on to t;e Mot/on :o0Re@ons/,e0+t/on +e7/n7 t;+t t;e 4ot/on :o0 0e@ons/,e0+t/on +@e, + not/@e o:;e+0/n7.B13On +n5+0? 1! 2##6 t;e S;+0/+ D/st0/@t Co50t ,en/e, 8et/t/one0so88os/t/on.B1(Des8/te =n,/n7 t;+t t;e s+/, 4ot/on :o0 0e@ons/,e0+t/on +@e, not/@eo: ;e+0/n7 t;e ,/st0/@t @o50t ;e, t;+t s5@; ,e:e@t


115/127


116/127


117/127

/ss5+n@e o: ette0s o: +,4/n/st0+t/on sette4ent +n, ,/st0/>5t/on o: est+te t;e+88/@+nts see to est+>/s; t;e :+@t o: ,e+t; o: t;e ,e@e,ent +n, +te0 to >e ,5?0e@o7n/Ke, +s +4on7 t;e ,e@e,ents ;e/0s se5ent? :o0 80/v+te 0es8on,ent A4+;een L//n7 S. Mont+e0 to >e

0e@o7n/Ke, +s +4on7 ;/s ;e/0s /: s5@; /s t;e @+se /n :+@t.

Pet/t/one0s +0754ent t;+t t;e 80o;/>/t/on +7+/nst + ,e@e,ent o0 ;/s est+te :0o4>e/n7 + 8+0t? ,e:en,+nt /n + @/v/ +@t/onB33+88/es to + s8e@/+ 80o@ee,/n7 s5@; +st;e sette4ent o: t;e est+te o: t;e ,e@e+se, /s 4/s8+@e,. Un/e + @/v/ +@t/one/n7 s5e, :o0 +n? @+5se o: +@t/on. As + s8e@/+ 80o@ee,/n7 t;e 8508ose o:t;e sette4ent o: t;e est+te o: t;e ,e@e,ent /s to ,ete04/ne + t;e +ssets o: t;eest+teB3!8+? /ts /+>//t/esB3%+n, to ,/st0/>5te t;e 0es/,5+ to t;ose ent/te, to t;es+4e.B3"

Do'>6 F

Pet/t/one0s t;/0, +0754ent t;+t 50/s,/@t/on e. Pet/t/one0s 8o/nt to 80/v+te 0es8on,ents8et/t/on /n t;e 80o@ee,/n7 >e:o0e t;e @o50t a quo +s/s :o0 t;e @on@5s/on t;+t


118/127


119/127

o: t;e ,e@e,ent.B**In t;e @+se +t >+0 t;e ,ete04/n+t/on o: t;e ;e/0s o: t;e ,e@e,ent,e8en,s on +n +H04+t/ve +ns


120/127

T;e e0 2##1 8et/t/one0s =e,


121/127

On 2! Fe>05+0? 2##( t;e Co50t o: A88e+s 80o457+te, + ,e@/s/onB12,/s4/ss/n7 t;e8et/t/on +n, ,e@+0/n7 t;+t t;e M+n/+ RTC ,/, not +>5se /ts ,/s@0et/on /n 0e:5s/n7 to+o< 8et/t/one0s to /nte0vene /n t;e /ntest+te 80o@ee,/n7s. T;e +o? t;e /ntest+te @o50t +s ?+,4/n/st0+t0/9 $ene,/@to 4/ss/on >? +,4/n/st0+t0/9 $ene,/@to tos5>4/t + ve0/=e, +n, @o48ete /nvento0? o: t;e est+te +n, 58on s5>4/ss/ont;e0eo: o0,e0 t;e /n;e0/t+n@e t+9 +880+/se0s o: t;e $50e+5 o: Inte0n+ Reven5e to+ss/st /n t;e +880+/s+ o: t;e :+/0 4+0et v+5e o: t;e s+4e.B1*T;/0, 8et/t/one0s4ove, t;+t t;e /ntest+te @o50t set + ,e+,/ne :o0 t;e s5>4/ss/on >? t;e+,4/n/st0+to0 o: ;e0 ve0/=e, +nn5+ +@@o5nt +n, 58on s5>4/ss/on t;e0eo: set t;e,+te :o0 ;e0 e9+4/n+t/on 5n,e0 o+t; e +@t5+ +n, 4+te0/+ ,/0e@t +n,/44e,/+te and no6 /:4< 'on6/n;n6 and :'6an6.B1!

Nonet;eess /t /s not /44e,/+te? ev/,ent t;+t /nte0vent/on 5n,e0 t;e R5es o: C/v/P0o@e,50e ne@ess+0/? @o4es /nto o8e0+t/on /n s8e@/+ 80o@ee,/n7s. T;e sette4ento: est+tes o: ,e@e+se, 8e0sons :+ sen@e o: s8e@/+ 80ov/s/ons t;e 05es 80ov/,e, :o0 /no0,/n+0? +@t/ons s;+ >e +s :+0 +s 80+@t/@+>e +88/@+>e to s8e@/+ 80o@ee,/n7s.We @+n 0e+,/? @on@5,e t;+t not


122/127

>+se, on + @ont/n7ent @+/4. T;e ,e=n/t/on o: /nte0vent/on 5n,e0 R5e 1" s/48?,oes not +@@o44o,+te @ont/n7ent @+/4s.

-et even +s 8et/t/one0s no< @onten, >e:o0e 5s t;+t t;e? ;+ve t;e 0/7;t to /nte0vene/n t;e /ntest+te 80o@ee,/n7s o: Ro>e0to $ene,/@to t;e 0e/e:s t;e? ;+, so57;t t;en>e:o0e t;e RTC +n, +so no< >e:o0e 5s ,o not s5+0e ? /ts +,4/n/st0+to0


123/127

111!% e sette, /n t;e@/v/ @+ses on, +n, too @o7n/K+n@e o: t;e8en,/n7 @/v/ @+se t;e +,4/n/st0+to0 4ove, to @ose t;e /ntest+te 80o@ee,/n7s ont;e 70o5n, t;+t t;e ;e/0s ;+, +0e+,? ente0e, /nto +n e9t0+5,/@/+ 8+0t/t/on o: t;eest+te. T;e t0/+ @o50t 0e:5se, to @ose t;e /ntest+te 80o@ee,/n7s 8en,/n7 t;ete04/n+t/on o: t;e @/v/ @+se +n, t;e Co50t +H04e, s5@; +@t/on.I 6( a::44an6 K4d a '4a/ /n /n6!=n6/on /n 6( /n66a6 :!o'd/n;/6 3a on4< :!an6 6o 6(/! d/! 6o :!o6'6 6(/! /n6!6 /6 a::a!/n;6(a6 6( :!o:!6< /n 4/6/;a6/on / /n=o4=d /n a/d :!o'd/n; and /n a'6 /6( on4< :!o:!6< o 6( 6a6 46 8@'6 o ad/n/6!a6/on andd/6!/86/on and 6( 'o!6 / @6/Kd /n 6a>/n; 'o;n/an' o a/d '/=/4'a 8'a o 6( na=o/da84 a'6 6(a6 3(a6=! / d6!/nd /n a/d'/=/4 'a 3/44 n'a!/4< !'6 and (a= a a! !a'(/n; 'onBn' /n6( d6!/na6/on and d/6!/86/on o 6( 6a6.In so t+/n7 @o7n/K+n@e o:@/v/ @+se No. V331 t;e @o50t ,oes not +ss54e 7ene0+ 50/s,/@t/on ove0 t;e @+se>5t 4e0e? 4+es o: 0e@o0, /ts e9/sten@e >e@+5se o: t;e @ose /nte00e+t/on o: t;ete >0+n,e, +s ;+v/n7 +@te, /n e9@ess o: /ts

50/s,/@t/on.A88e+nts @+/4 t;+t t;e oe?+n@e t;e @os/n7 o: t;e/ntest+te 80o@ee,/n7s 8en,/n7 ,ete04/n+t/on o: t;e se8+0+te @/v/ +@t/on :o0 t;e0e+son t;+t t;e0e /s no 05e o0 +5t;o0/t? 5st/:?/n7 t;e e9tens/on o: +,4/n/st0+t/on80o@ee,/n7s 5nt/ +:te0 t;e se8+0+te +@t/on 8e0t+/n/n7 to /ts 7ene0+ 50/s,/@t/on ;+s>een te04/n+te, @+nnot >e ente0t+/ne,. Se@t/on 1 R5e %% o: t;e R5es o: Co50te980ess? 80ov/,es t;+t Q+@t/on to 0e@ove0 0e+ o0 8e0son+ 80o8e0t? :0o4 t;e est+teo0 to en:o0@e + /en t;e0eon +n, +@t/ons to 0e@ove0 ,+4+7es :o0 +n /n50? to 8e0sono0 80o8e0t? 0e+ o0 8e0son+ 4+? >e @o44en@e, +7+/nst t;e e9e@5to0 o0+,4/n/st0+to0.Q W;+t 80+@t/@+ v+5e e 80ose@5te, to /ts te04/n+t/on s/48? >e@+5se t;e ;e/0s,es/0e to @ose t;e /ntest+te 80o@ee,/n7s 5t + @o0o+0? to t;e 05/n7


124/127


125/127

At t;e s+4e t/4e t;e :+@t t;+t 8et/t/one0s /nte0ests 0e4+/n /n@;o+te +n, @ont/n7ent@o5nte0>++n@es t;e/0 +>//t? to 8+0t/@/8+te /n t;e /ntest+te 80o@ee,/n7s. We +0e4/n,:5 o: 0es8on,ents s5>4/ss/on t;+t /: t;e Co50t e + @0e,/to0 ?t;/s Co50t e +880/se, o: ,eveo84ents /n t;e /ntest+te 80o@ee,/n7s. In 0ilado v.

Jud&e "e#esB2*t;e Co50t ;e+0, + 8et/t/on :o0 4+n,+45s =e, >? t;e s+4e8et/t/one0s ;e0e/n +7+/nst t;e RTC 5,7e 80+?/n7 t;+t t;e? >e +o/@ 0e@o0,s +n, s;+ >e +v+/+>e :o0 t;e/ns8e@t/on o: +n? /nte0este, 8e0son 9 9 9. T;e Co50t 05e, t;+t 8et/t/one0s ? t;e A,4/n/st0+t0/9 o: +n +nn5+ +@@o5nt/n7+88e+0s e7/t/4+te :o0 +st;e 8+/nt/Js /n t;e @o48+/nts :o0 s54 o: 4one? +7+/nst "oerto 4enedicto, et al.t;e? ;+ve +n /nte0est ove0 t;e o5t@o4e o: t;e sette4ent o: ;/s est+te. T;e? +0e /n:+@t Q/nte0este, 8e0sonsQ 5n,e0 R5e 13* Se@. 2 o: t;e R5es o: Co50t 9 9 9B26

Aoe/n7 80ese0ve, +n, ,/s8ose, o: /n +@@o0,+n@e?


126/127

o: t;e est+te 0es/,5e. A:te0 + even t;e +,4/n/st0+t0/9 ;+s +@no4/tte, /nvento0? t;e e9/sten@e o: t;e 8en,/n7 @+ses =e, >? t;e 8et/t/one0s.

We no< t50n to t;e 0e4+/n/n7 0e/e:s so57;t >? 8et/t/one0s' t;+t + ,e+,/ne >e set:o0 t;e s5>4/ss/on >? +,4/n/st0+t0/9 $ene,/@to to s5>4/t + ve0/=e, +n, @o48ete/nvento0? o: t;e est+te +n, 58on s5>4/ss/on t;e0eo: t;e /n;e0/t+n@e t+9 +880+/se0so: t;e $50e+5 o: Inte0n+ Reven5e >e 0e5/0e, to +ss/st /n t;e +880+/s+ o: t;e :+/04+0et v+5e o: t;e s+4e' +n, t;+t t;e /ntest+te @o50t set + ,e+,/ne :o0 t;es5>4/ss/on >? t;e +,4/n/st0+t0/9 o: ;e0 ve0/=e, +nn5+ +@@o5nt +n, 58ons5>4/ss/on t;e0eo: set t;e ,+te :o0 ;e0 e9+4/n+t/on 5n,e0 o+t;


127/127

SO ORDERED.

DANTE O. TINAAssociate Justice

Documents

Spec Pro Full Text Cases 1