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Foxborough History Department 1
Spanish American War
By Tom Murray
Foxborough History Department 2
Overview
Causes
Message to Garcia-
http://www.birdsnest.com/garcia.htm
Leaders
Timeline-Events
Maps
Cartoons
Evaluation
Foxborough History Department 3
Causes of Spanish American
War
Imperialism
Social Darwinism- Activity
http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/activity.html
Yellow Journalism
Militarism
Industrial Revolution
World Power (land)
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Imperialism
The policy of extending a nation's authority
by territorial acquisition or by the
establishment of economic and political
control over other nations
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Social Darwinism
• The application of Darwinism to the study
of human society, specifically a theory in
sociology that individuals or groups
achieve advantage over others as the result
of genetic or biological superiority.
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Yellow Journalism
• Journalism that exploits, distorts, or
exaggerates the news to create sensations
and attract readers.
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Militarism
1.Glorification of the ideals of a professional
military class
2. A policy in which military preparedness is
of primary importance to a state
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Industrial Revolution
• The complex of radical socioeconomic
changes, such as the ones that took place in
England in the late 18th century, that are
brought about when extensive
mechanization of production systems
results in a shift from home-based hand
manufacturing to large-scale factory
production
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World Power
• Need for new markets to sell goods
• More land to get raw materials
• Keep up with European Powers
• Goals of leadership
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To Hell with Spain
Remember the Maine• At 9:40pm on February
15, 1898, the battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor
• 268 men were killed, shocking the American population
• What or who caused this explosion?
• http://www.homeofheroes.com/wallofhonor/spanish_am/02_maine.html
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Waiting for the Facts
• Who is waiting?
• Why should we wait for the “facts”?
• Why might the United States want to go to war?
• What positive effects or outcomes could come from a war with Spain?
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Leaders
William McKinley
Theodore Roosevelt
George Dewey
William Randolph Hearst
General Weyler “The Butcher
Emilio Aguinaldo
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William McKinley, Jr. (1843-1901)
• 25th President
• Wanted to avoid war in Cuba
• Yellow journalism and public supported war
• In April 1898, President McKinley abandoned his failed diplomatic efforts and asked Congress for permission to intervene in Cuba.
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Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of
the Navy.
• “I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one”
• First Volunteer Cavalry, nicknamed the "Rough Riders.“ Stop, drop, that’s how rough riders roll…..(DMX)
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Commodore George Dewey
• May 1, 1899—
Commodore Dewey and
his Asiatic Squadron
defeated the Spanish fleet
in Manila Bay
• During and after the war,
George Dewey became
one of the war's most
celebrated heroes
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William Randolph Hearst
• Newspaper publisher and leading example of yellow journalism
• New York Journalstarted a public hysteria for war with Spain by publishing incendiary articles and illustrations
• Hearst once said "You provide the pictures and I'll provide the war."
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General Weyler “The Butcher”
• In 1896, the Spanish sent "The Butcher," to Cuba
• To prevent the insurrectos
– Weyler built concentration camps in which he imprisoned a large portion of the population
• Under the harsh and unsanitary conditions in the concentration camps,
– Cuban prisoners died rapidly, especially from disease
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Emilio Aguinaldo
The Philippines'
revolutionary leaderFought first against
Spanish imperialism
After the end of the
Spanish- American
War, fought against
American
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Events-Timeline
1895: Cuban nationalists revolt against Spanish rule
1896: Spanish General Weyler (the "Butcher") comes to Cuba.
1897: Spain recalls Weyler
Early 1898: USS Maine sent to Cuba
February 9, 1898: Hearst publishes Dupuy du Lome's letter insulting McKinley.
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Sensational Journalism or Yellow Journalism
Activity
• Screaming newspaper headlines about the situation in Cuba in the 1890s helped fan the flames of war by influencing public opinion in the United States
– Research current headlines aimed at selling newspapers --rather than telling honest stories --look at newsstands and in supermarket checkout lines
– Research some of the headlines and stories published in the World and the Journal in the 1890s and compare these with the headlines found in modern tabloid papers
• How are they similar and/or different? Are any stories more or less harmful than others?
• http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml
• http://www.boondocksnet.com/gallery/cartoons/1898/index_bart.html
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Quiz-10 pts each
1. List 3 causes of the Spanish American
War
2. What ship sunk to start the war?
3. Who was the President in 1898?
4. Who was Secretary of Defense
5. What role did Yellow Journalism play in
the Spanish American War
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Spanish Politeness
• Who is holding the
knife?
• Name the ship
• Is this an example of
Yellow Journalism?
Explain
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Events-Timeline
February 15, 1898: Sinking of the USS Maine
February 25, 1898: Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt cables Commodore Dewey with plan: attack the Philippines if war with Spain breaks out
April 11, 1898: McKinley approves war with Spain
April 24, 1898: Spain declares war on the US
April 25, 1898: US declares war on Spain
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Let go of him McKinley
• Who is McKinley
holding?
• Who is being
attacked?
• What is the message
to the public in 1898?
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Events-Timeline
May 1, 1898: Battle of Manila Bay (Philippines)
May, 1898: July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill taken by "Rough Riders"
July 3, 1898: Battle of Santiago - Spain's Caribbean fleet destroyed.
July 7, 1898: Hawaii annexed
July 17, 1898: City of Santiago surrenders to General William Shafter
August 12, 1898: Spain signs armistice
August 13, 1898: US troops capture Manila
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July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill taken by "Rough Riders"
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Events-Timeline
December 10, 1898: Treaty of Paris signed -US annexes Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines.
January 23, 1899: Philippines declares itself an independent republic - Led by Emilio Auginaldo, the self-declared Filipino government fights a guerilla war against the US that lasts longer than the Spanish-American War itself.
February 6, 1899: the Treaty of Paris passes in the Senate
1900: Foraker Act - Some self-government allowed in Puerto Rico.
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Events-Timeline
March 1901: Emilio Auginaldo captured.
1901: Platt Amendment-Cuban government could not enter any foreign agreement, allows two naval bases in Cuba and U.S can intervene when necessary
1902: US withdraws from Cuba
1917: Puerto Ricans given US citizenship
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Map
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Results of the Spanish American
War
• Treaty of Paris signed on December 10, 1898 ended the Spanish- American War
• Cuba went free, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines were ceded to the US, and the US agreed to pay Spain an indemnity of $20 million
• America becomes a world power
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Evaluation
• Visual Quiz—Who am I? What was my
involvement? Define? Explain
• http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_resou
rces.html
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Quiz-Question’s 1-3
1. Who am I?
2. What was my role
in the Spanish
American War?
3. What was the
nickname of my
voluntary Calvary?
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Quiz-Questions 4-6
4. What role did Yellow
Journalism play in the
war?
5. What ship blew up
that sparked the war?
6. Who was the
President during the
Spanish American
War?
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Question 7
7. What hill is being
taken by T.R and the
Rough Riders?
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Question 8
8. Who am I?
Hint the Admiral in
Philippians
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Short Answers
• Do you think there is any such thing as a "splendid little war"? What other wars might some people remember as "splendid little" ones? Who might think these wars were not so splendid? Who usually suffers most in a war? Who has to bear the long-term effects of a war?
• What responsibilities does the press have in terms of how it reports news stories? What are the short-term benefits of exaggerating or fabricating stories to make exciting headlines? What might be some long-term benefits of adhering to the truth?
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Work Cited
• Timeline- Sparknotes
http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/spanishamerican/
• Other Web Sites- PBS Movie web site http://www.pbs.org/crucible/
• Small Planets
http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/teacher.html#Outline
• Pictures http://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi&ie=UTF-
8&oe=UTF-8&q=
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Quiz Answer Sheet
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