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Southwest Culture Area. The Anasazi. ca. 2100 BP and 700 BP. The Anasazi. Ancestors of the Pueblo People. Anasazi bowl. Town Dwellers. Anasazi. “Anasazi” – a Navajo word Pre-Columbian Civilization ca. 2100 BP and 700 BP ? disappearance ?. Chetro Ketl. Cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Southwest Culture Area
The Anasazica. 2100 BP and 700 BP
The AnasaziAncestors of the Pueblo Ancestors of the Pueblo
PeoplePeople
Anasazi bowl
AnasaziAnasazi
• “Anasazi” – a Navajo word • Pre-Columbian Civilization• ca. 2100 BP and 700 BP• ? disappearance ?
Town Dwellers
Cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde
Chetro Ketl
Anasazi and Pueblo
• Ancestors to contemporary Puebloan peoples
• “ethnographic analogy” • Why such change?• Transitioned into smaller-scale society
Economy / Subsistence
• Corn – Intensive processing
and preparation
– Evidence of extreme arthritis
• Farming– Three sisters
– “Dry farming”
Corn cribs
Mano and Metate
Social Organization
• Matrilineal • Lineage elders held significant
power– Elder : Chief– Kinsmen pay tribute
• Work collectively• Surplus
– Elaborate ritual etc.
RoadsRoads Evidence of extensive
trade, or something else?
• social organization / stratification – Trade routes (?)– Religious/Political service (?)– Both (?)– Regulation – Valley of Mexico (?)
• Turquoise• Obsidian (?)
Theocracy • Rule by priests
– Calendric rituals – “Time keepers”
• Chiefs & Priest = upper stratum of society– Tribute
Astronomy• Architectural features suggest observatories
– Prior to architectural forms, natural features were used to mark passage of sun or celestial objects
• Timing and scheduling
• Control the calendar – control the society
Cosmology
• Layered universe• Upper world is permanent• sacredness is to transport
between worlds– Sipapu – opening
• Four worlds• Each ends in catastrophe
– 4th (present) world
Kachinas
• Emerge from 3rd world via sipapu
• Not “dolls” but masked figures
• Represent sacred beings– kachina figurines– assist memory
Kachina in rock painting?
Ritual: Calendric
• return of the sun after solstice
• rainy summer season.– Hopi snake dance
• Anasazi not exactly the same, but quite similar to modern Pueblo peoples.
Rock Art
Hunting Magic?
Kokapelli and Friends
hands 6-toed feet Sacred contact? Sipapu?
Kiva • Provides point of contact • Emergence of sacred beings• Sipapu
– Originally humans re-emerge after death
– Coyote covered it up.
Anasazi kiva (reconstruction)
Kiva at Chaco Canyon
Kiva-archaeology• “Basketmaker” phase lived in “pit houses”
• many groups continued to live in pit houses.
• Anasazi developed pueblo-style housing
– retain kivas as ritual space
KivaGender and Society
• Secular as well as Sacred space – Two sacred periods
• winter and summer
– Remaining secular periods• “men’s club.”• foster solidarity among adult men
– Some women allowed on occasion• uncommon
– Women of childbearing age generally kept out.