South Africa

n  In 1652 Jan van Riebeeck of the Dutch East India Company arrived at the Cape of Good Hope.

n  Base station was established at Cape Town to supply the company’s ships with foodstuffs on the long journey to Asia.

South Africa n  In the 18th century

Dutch settlers, who called themselves Boers, began expanding toward the north and east.

n  Believed they were predestined by God to claim this land.

n  Gradually began pushing onto the interior.

South Africa n  At time of white settlement of the Cape, Xhosa

groups were living far inland. n  Since around 1770, they had been confronted with

the Trek Boers or Voortrekkers who approached from the west.

n  Both Boers and Xhosa were stock-farmers. The competition for grazing land led first to quarrels between the two groups, and eventually it came to a number of wars.

n  In the middle of the 19th century, all land formerly inhabited by Xhosa was in the hands of white settlers.

The Zulus

In the early 1800s in southern Africa, an African leader named Shaka conquered and united tribes to form the Zulu nation.

Zulu Nation

Cape Town

Cape Colony

Shaka Zulu

South Africa n  Towards the end of 18th century, all over southern

Africa small tribal groups were amalgamating into larger communities.

n  Not a peaceful process, but result of protracted wars. n  Rise of Zulu Kingdom falls into this period. n  Through incredible atrocities and cruelties Zulu warrior

Shaka gained control over a number of Zulu clans. n  Expanded his territory systematically as his warriors

raided Zulu villages and burnt them down. Women and children gored to death; young men called up and chiefs tortured and forced into allegiance.

The Zulus

The Zulus were skilled and organized fighters. Shaka used his power and fought against European slave traders and ivory hunters.

The Zulus

Zulu Nation

The Zulus also fought the Boers as they migrated north from Cape Colony.

Cape Town

Cape Colony

The Anglo-Zulu War

The Zulus came into conflict with the British as well. In 1879 the Zulus wiped out a British force at the battle of Isandlwana.

However, it was not long before the superior weaponry of the British overtook the Zulus at the battle of Rorke’s Drift.

The Anglo-Zulu War

1869 GOLD is found in the interior

by the Boers!

1870

DIAMONDS are found in the interior by the Boers!

The Boer Wars n  After the discovery of

diamonds and gold in South Africa, the Boers tried to keep outsiders coming into South Africa from gaining political rights.

n  The First Boer War was briefly fought in 1880-81 and successfully kept the British from annexing Boer territory called Transvaal (in orange).

Second Boer War n  The Second Boer War began

in 1899, the Boers end up taking up arms against the British.

n  The war lasted three years.