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This paper includes solutions to problems on pages 71-78 of “Alcohols, Building Bridges to Knowledge.”
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SolutionstoProblemsAlcohols
BuildingBridgestoKnowledge
Photo of a stream in near Salt Lake City, Utah. Michaelle Cadet
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1. Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling points.
(a) n-pentanol (b) 2-methyl-2-butanol
(c) 3-methyl-2-butanol (d) 2,2-dimethylpropanol
The molecule that has the most spherical structure would have the lowest boiling point, and the molecule with the most linear structure would have the highest boiling point; therefore, the boiling points would be:
(a) > (c) > (b) > (d) 2. Predict the products expected when 2-methyl-1-butanol reacts
with:
(a) Phosphorous and iodine
(b) Ethyl magnesium bromide
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(c) tosyl chloride in HCl
(d) chromic acid
(e) sulfuric acid/heat
3. Suggest syntheses for the following from 1-butanol and any
other necessary inorganic or organic materials.
(a) n-octane
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(c) cis-3-octene
Use the same sequence of reactions in (b) to prepare 3-octyne, than treat 3-octyne with the Lindlar catalyst.
(d) 1,2-butanol
(e) ethylcyclopropane
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(h) butanal
(l) 1-iodobutane
4. Suggest a synthesis for the following from the indicated starting
material and any other necessary inorganic reagent.
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5. Suggest a synthesis for the following from the indicated starting
material and any necessary inorganic material.
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6. Give a rationale for the following reaction.
The tosyl group is a facile leaving group, and elimination occurs in a trans configuration. The tosyl group and H2 are in the cis configuration; therefore, H2 will not be removed during the elimination process. On the other hand, H1 is trans to the tosyl group; therefore, H1 is the preferred hydrogen atom that will be removed during the elimination process.
or
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7. A monoterpenoid found in some essential oils (e.g., rose oil) follows the isoprene rule and exhibits the following 13C NMR spectrum. The infrared spectrum of the monoterpenoid exhibits a strong transmittance band at 3333 cm-1 .
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Ozonolysis of the monoterpenoid produces the following three compounds.
Suggest a structure for this monoterpenoid that is consistent with the observed data.
6. An important biological material with the molecular formula C21H40O can be synthesized by treating 1-hexyne with sodium amide, followed by treating the resulting product with 1-chloro-3-iodopropane, followed by treating the resulting product with magnesium in dry ether, followed by treating the resulting product with n-undecanal, followed by acid hydrolysis. The product of this final reaction is reacted with hydrogen/Pd/ PbO/CaCO3. The resulting product is oxidized to C21H40O. Suggest a structure for C21H40O.
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(d)
9. Suggest a synthesis for the following compound from the indicated starting materials and any other necessary organic and inorganic materials.
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12. Suggest a synthesis for the following molecule from the given
starting material and any other necessary organic or inorganic materials.
13. Suggest syntheses for the following molecules from 1-butanol
as the only source of organic compound and any necessary inorganic materials.
(a) n-butyl mercaptan
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(b) 4-octanol
Prepare the appropriate alkyl halide from 1-butanol.
Prepare the appropriate Grignard reagent from the alkyl halide.
Prepare butanal from 1-butanol.
React the Grignard reagent with butanal.
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(c)
4-Octanone, (c), can be prepared by the oxidation of the product of (b), 4-octanol.
(d)
Prepare 2-butanone from 1-butanol using the following sequence of reactions:
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React the Grignard reagent with 2-butanone
14. Suggest a synthesis for the following molecule from the
indicated starting material and any other necessary inorganic material.