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8/14/2019 Alcohols Ethers
1/12
The Syrian International Private University For Science And
Technology
College of pharmacy
Organic ChemistrySecond year students
:: Alcohols and Ethers ::
Ass.Professor Dr.Musasthanna D.Saud
Provided By Www.IonsClub.Com
To download this document or other ones visit your site at Www.IonsClub.Com
The official website of the pharmacy college in syrian international university for science and technology
Reference: Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyed
8/14/2019 Alcohols Ethers
2/12
Str
Alc
gro
fun
All
cha
und
Phe
mar
Alc
-O
6.4
Aasfoll
E
The
cture of
ohols are o
p. R group
tional gro
2-Methtert-B
Ben
alcohols co
acteristic o
ergoes cert
nols also c
kedly form
ohols coul
group.
Nomencl
aslso the cwed by th
thylalcohol
(1o)
most versa
1- Choosi
2- Indicat
assapos
3- Indicat
Alcohols :
ganic com
may be pri
p as well.
-2-propanoutyl alcohol
yl alcohol
ntain the h
f this famil
in reaction
ntain hydr
alcohols i
classifies
ature of
mmon naword alco
tile system
g the long
by a nasu
sible numb
by numbe
ounds of t
mary, seco
or exampl
l
droxyl (-O
y. The diff
s. It also m
xyl group,
their phys
s primary,
lcohols:
es are usehol. For ex
Isopro
(
is, of cour
st continu
ber the po
er of OH.
the positi
e general
ndary, or te
:
Eth
H) group,
rence in th
ay affect th
but it is att
cal and che
secondary,
for simplemple:
yl alcoholo)
e, the IUP
us carbon
sition of th
ns of other
lcohol
ormula R-
rtiary; it m
2-propen-1-oAllyl alcohol
-chloroethanlene chloroh
hich is the
e R groups
e kind of re
ached direc
mical prop
or tertiary
alcohols
C. The rul
hain that c
OH gro
groups att
H, where
y be open
l
oldrin
functional
will affect
action.
tly to the a
erties and t
ccording t
hich consis
Isobutyl al
(1o)
es are:
ontains the
p in the pr
ched to the
is any al
chain or cy
that deter
he rate of
omatic rin
pe of reac
the kind o
t of the na
cohol
OH grou
sent chain,
parent cha
yl or substi
clic. It may
Cyclohe
1,2,3-prop
Glyce
ine the pro
hich the al
and so, th
ions they u
f carbon th
e of the al
tert-but
.
generally
in.
tuted alkyl
contain ot
anol
netriolol
erties
cohol
y differ so
ndergo.
at bears the
yl group
l alcohol
(3o)
sing the lo
er
est
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Alcohols as acids and bases:
Like water, alcohols are weak acids and weak bases.
The oxygen with its unshared electrons pairs, that makes as alcohol basic.
-HSO4ROHSOHOH-R 242 +++
In alcohols hydrogen is bonded to the very electronegative element oxygen. The polarity of the OH bond
facilitate the breaking of OH bond.
2H2
1RONaNaROH ++
An alcohol A sodium
(A weak acid) (alkoxide, a strong base)
H-RONaOHHOHNa-RO +++
Strong base strong acid weaker base weaker acid
Like water and ammonia, alcohols are stronger acids than alkanes, and readily displace them from their salts
from Grignard reagents
XMg(OR)HRXMgRROH ++ Stronger acid weaker acid
Relative acidities RHNHROHOH 32
Relative basicities -R-NH-OR-OH 2
Rule: one compound is shown to be a stronger acid than another by its ability to displace the second
compound from salts.
++
++ M-
AH-BM-
BH-A Alcohols are weaker acids than water as we mentioned above, an alkoxide is not prepared by the reaction of
alcohols with sodium hydroxide because of the presence of water in the aqueous solution of sodium
hydroxide.
-OHROHOHROH 22 +++
Alkoxide are prepared by reaction of alcohols with the active metal itself (Na, K) in the absence of water.
2H2
1Na-RONaROH ++ +
Alkoxides are useful reagent, they are powerful bases-stronger than hydroxide.
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Re
1-R
The
the
2-F
Sul
wea
As
as a
ctionofeaction o
hydroxyl
ydroxyl g
a- The rea
Even t
sulfuric
b- Rearra
c- The or
romation
onic acids,
k bases an
result, alk
lkyl halide
lcohols:f alcohol
roup in a p
oup and co
ction is cat
ough the a
acid speed
gement of
er of reacti
of alkyl s
ArSO3H, a
hence goo
yl sulphon
.
with hy
oor leaving
nvert it to
lyzed by a
ueous hyd
s up the for
he alkyl gr
vity of alco
ulfonates
re related t
d leaving g
ArSO
Strong a
tes underg
rogen ha
group. Thi
ood leavin
cids.
ogen halid
mation of a
oup occurs
hols towar
:
sulfuric a
roup.
H
id
nucleophi
lides. Aci
s is accom
g group.
s are them
lkyl halide
except, 1o
HX is 3o
id and are
lic substitu
d catalysi
lished by t
selves stro
s.
lcohol.
2o > 1o