Solar Sun Seeker1

7/27/2019 Solar Sun Seeker1

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Nutush Mohan : FET/EC(f)/029

Akshay Chaudhry : FET/EC(f)/008


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The aim of our project is to overcome the problem

associated with the use of solar energy. For this aDigital based automatic sun tracking system is

proposed. This project helps the solar power generating

equipment to get the maximum sunlight automatically

thereby increasing the efficiency of the system. The

solar panel tracks the sun from east to west

automatically for maximum intensity of light.

SOLAR SUN SEEKER


3/20

To construct a model prototype solar cell movement

system with a mechanical assemble to move the panel

from 180

0

E to W.To design an electronic circuit to sense the intensity of

light and to control DC motor driver for the panel

movement.

To construct an emergency light inverter circuit i.e. to

operate tube light with the help of charged battery fromthe solar panel.

To fabricate a DC motor control card interfaced with

driver circuit.


4/20

Energy plays a vital role in almost all the areas ofhuman life. Energy is required to sustain and improvethe standard of living. In the present machine age wejust cannot imagine life without energy. Today, everycountry draws its energy needs from a variety ofsources.

All energy sources are of consuming nature. Forexample, thermal power generating station consumescoal in huge quantities, or it may consume fuel atnumerous liters. Hydraulic power station would notneed raw material, but need water flow; it dependscompletely on water flow. So when there is no flow ofwater at required level this station is of no use.


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The coal or fuel used in thermal power station createsenvironment pollution by leaving toxic gas output. Thenall of these power stations need lot of mechanical

sections like turbine and etc. to get power. Evenwindmills also need mechanical section to producepower.

THE SOLAR OPTION: -

Solar energy is a very large, inexhaustible source ofenergy. The power from the sun intercepted by the earthis approximately 1.8*1011MW, which is many thousandsof times larger than the present consumption rate on the

earth of all commercial energy sources. Thus in principle,solar energy could supply all the present and futureenergy needs of the world on a continuing basis. Thismakes it one of the most promising of the unconventionalenergy sources. In addition to its size, solar energy has

two other factors in the favour.


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Firstly, unlike fossil fuels and nuclear power, it is

environmentally clean source of energy. Secondly, it is

free and available in adequate quantities in almost all

parts of the world where people live. Also it has noheavy mechanical section and is free from noise.

However, there are many problems associated with its

use, the main problem is that it is dilute source of

energy. Even in the hottest regions on the earth, the

solar radiations flux available rarely exceeds 1 KW/m,

which is a low value for technological utilization.

The second problem associated with the use of solar

energy is that its availability varies widely with time.The variation in availability occurs daily because of the

day night cycle and also seasonally because of the

earths orbit around the sun.


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To rectify these above problems the solar panel should besuch that it always receives maximum intensity of light. Forexisting solar panels, which are without any controlsystems typical level of efficiency varies from 10% to 4% - alevel that should improve measurably if the present interestcontinues.


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9/20

1) IC

2) DC Motor

3) Solar Cell

4) Power Supply

5) Inverter

6) Battery


10/20

SOLAR PANEL: -

A solar cell uses the photovoltaic effect to convert radiation fromthe sun into electrical energy. The photovoltaic effect arises whena junction between a metal and a semiconductor or two oppositepolarity semiconductors is exposed to electromagnetic radiation,usually in the range near ultra violate to infrared. A forward

voltage appears across the illuminated junction and power can bedelivered from it to an external circuit. The p-n junction of

whom the cell consists has a relatively large surface area andrelatively high efficiency (10.... 15 per cent). Solar cells arefabricated mainly from silicon, gallium arsenide, selenium-

cadmium sulphide, and thin-film cadmium sulphide.


11/20

As part of the radiation is reflected by the surface of the

cell, an anti-reflect layer is incorporated to minimizereflection. The absorption coefficient is large for short

wavelengths, and smaller for longer wavelengths. The

efficiency of solar cells reduces by about one half per

cent for each degree centigrade rise in their bodytemperature, so that most cells must be suitably cooled.

Note, however, that this depends to a large extent on the

material; gallium arsenide/gallium phosphide, for

instance, has optimum efficiency at well over 100C .

The spectral response curve of a silicon cell indicates a

useful range of wavelengths between 0.5m and 1.0m,

peaking at about 800m.


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13/20

Keeping in time is very important for every humanbeing, that is why many instruments are being used tomake the work in discipline order and in time. The

timer, as the term is used in digital electronics, is anelectronic circuit that once triggered, produces anoutput pulse for a predetermined time or after apredetermined time and then resets when desired. Asimple timer would involve momentarily pressing a

button (reset switch) toon

the device to count the delaytime and a variable control to set the required time.After that time interval, the connected device either analarm circuit or indicating device will on for thatpresented time.


14/20

If one needs few seconds for a particular experiment that he canuse this small timer by adjusting the timer required. In

photography, the development of film needs variety of timerange, from few seconds to minutes.


15/20

This is an electronic switching circuit which will close thecontacts of a relay after a certain period of time. This can beadjusted from few second to several minutes. When the circuit isactivated, Cl Charges to about two thirds of its full potential andbleeds off through RI preset. When RI is low, the discharge occurat a fast rate. When the value of this resistance is high, to addedresistance brings about a slow decay of energy. When the Cl isdischarged to a certain point, a pulse occur at the output of Pin-3. This allows current flow through the relay coil, closing itscontacts and it works as switching for buzzer* or bulb, which isdirectly connected with 220V A/C, At the time of pulse occursthe relay, energise and result is an alarm Ground buzzer*.


16/20

It reset by press the push button. It will reset again & de-energisethe relay reset the alarm for further time period adjusted bypresent RI. The time period given by RI is from 5 Sec. to 3minute & 50 seconds approx. If one wants to increase to timelimits replace IOOK preset to 1 Meg.2 or more for an hour or so.


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SEMICONDUCTORS

1. IC-1.............................TIMER2. LDR-3

RESISTORS

1. R1..............................100KWVARIABLE RESISTANCE

2. R2..............................100KW


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CAPACITOR

1. C1..............................1000mf

MISCELLANEOUS

1. 6VDC BATTERY

RELAY (6VDC, 100W)


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Documents

Solar Sun Seeker1