Social Context and Socioemotional DevelopmentPertemuan 6

Matakuliah : E1122 - Psikologi PendidikanTahun : 2010

Social Context of Development

• In Bronfenbrenner’s theory, the social contexts in which children live are important influences on their development.

• Three of the context in which children spend much of their time :– Family– Peer– School

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Social Context of Development; Family

• Parenting style, – Authoritarian parenting; A restrictive and punitive

parenting style in which there is little verbal exchange between parents and children; associated with children’s social incompetence

– Authoritative parenting; A positive parenting style that encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their action; extensive verbal give-and-take is allowed; associated with children’s social compentence.

– Neglectful parenting; A parenting style of uninvolvement in which parents spend little time with their children; associated with children’s social incompetence.

– Indulgent parenting; A parenting style of involvement but few limits or restrictions on children’s behavior; linked with children’s social incompetenceBina Nusantara University 3

Social Context of Development; Family

• The changing family in a changing society, – Children of divorce; the effects of divorce on children

are complex, depending on such factors as the child’s age, the child’s strengths and weaknesses at the time of the divorce, the type of custody, socioeconomic status, and postdivorce family functioning.

– Maggie is a 10 year-old fifth grader who had been a happy child and had done well in school, but all of that changed when her parents recently separated. Her father moved out and Maggie’s mother became depressed. Maggie began to not show up for school. Now although she is at school regularly, she has trouble concentrating on her schoolwork.

– Ethnic and socioeconomic variations in familiesBina Nusantara University 4

Social Context of Development; Family

• School –Family linkages, – Family management; research have found

that family management practices are positively related to students’ grades and self responsibility, and negatively to school related problem.

– Parental involvement and school-family-community connections; in one survey , teacher listed parental involvement as the number one priority in improving education

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Social Context of Development; Family

• Out-of-school care, In addition to actively participating in their

children’s schooling, children benefit when parent arrange and monitor out of school care.

The increase in single-parent families and families in which both parents work outside the home has made out of school child care a more important aspect of children’s development

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Social Context of Development; Peer

• Peer statuses, Five types of peer statuses;– Popular children– Average children– Neglected children– Rejected children– Controversial children

• Friendship, The benefit of friendship; - companionship, - phisical support, - ego support, - intimacy/affection

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Social Context of Development; Peer

• Developmental changes in peer relationsDuring the elementary school years, children’s peer groups increasingly consist of same-sex peers

in adolescence, participation in mixed-sex groups increases. Also in adolescence, many students become members of crowds, and allegiace to the crowd can exert a powerful influence over their lives.

group identity with the crowd can override the adolescent’s personal identity.

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Social Context of Development; School

In school, children spend many years as member of small society that exert a tremendous influence on their socioemotional development •School’s changing social developmental contexts,

social context vary through the early childhood, elementary school, and adolescent years• Early childhood education,

– Developmentally appropriate education– Controversy in early childhood education– Early childhood education for children from low-income

familiesBina Nusantara University 9

Social Context of Development; School

• The transition to elementary schoolAs children make teh transition to elementary school, they interact and develop relationships with new and significant others.

• The schooling of Adolescents– The transition to middle or junior high school– Effective school for young adolescents– Improving high school

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Socioemotional Development

• The self• Morel Development

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Socioemotional Development; The self

• Self esteemAlso called self-image and self-worth, the individual’s overall conception of himself or herself.

• Identity developmentIdentity statuses– Identity diffusion– Identity foreclosure– Identity moratoriumEthnic identity

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Socioemotional Development; Moral Development

• Domain of moral development– Cognitive, behavioral, and emotional

• Piaget’s theory– Heteronomous morality– Autonomous morality

• Kohlberg’s theory– Preconventional reasoning– Conventional reasoning– Postconventional reasoning

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Socioemotional Development; Moral Development

• Moral personality– Moral identity– Moral character– Moral exemplars

• Moral education– The hidden curriculum– Character education– Values clarification– Cognitive moral education

• Service learning; a form of aducation that promotes social responsibility and service to the communityBina Nusantara University 14