Smart Microgrid Technology

Smart Microgrid Technology

2010. 4. 8

Dr. Hak-Man Kim University of [email protected]

2Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

An energy network related to generation, transmission, and distribution of elec-tric power

Power Grid

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Load

Load

Load

Medium/High level Power System

Load... Microgrid 1

Microgrid N

Distribution system,Owned and operated by a

power utility

Owned and operated by private owners

Configuration of Distribution System with MG

Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

Paradigm Shift in Power Grid

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Climatic Change Convention - Distributed Generation - Microgrid

Energy Market

Power IT - Smart Grid based on ICT - Cyber Security in Power Grid


Smart Microgrid in Paradigm Shift of Power Grid

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Climatic Change Convention

EnergyMarket

Power IT

Smart Microgrid


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Small power grid composed of distributed generators, storage devices, and loads

Microgrid (MG)

Communication Link

Power Line

Battery

MGOCC

Power Grid

Wind Power

Solar House

House

Office BuildingFuel Cell

Micro-turbine

Power Grid Control Center


Benefits of MG

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The use of micro-generation based on combined heat and power (CHP) or small-scale renewable generation

reducing dependency on fossil fuels reducing environmental pollution

During disturbances on the main network, Microgrids disconnect and con-tinue to operate automatically

improving reliability and power quality to the consumer

Potentially, the expansion and operation costs of traditional power system can be reduced


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Recently, the development, research and demonstration program for the Mi-crogrid are progressing in many countries.

- Example: Japan

It is anticipated that Microgrid will leap into a commerce stage in the near fu-ture.

Research of MG

NEDO: The New Energy and Industrial Technology De-velopment Organization


Example: Sendai Project(1)

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Summary

- NEDO’s Sendai Project

- include PV micro-generation, gas engines, a molten carbon fuel cell, as well as series and shunt power compensation devices(Dynamic Voltage Restorers, DVRs)

- located in Tohoku Fukushi University



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Located in Tohoku Fukushi University



11Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

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Operation Mode of MG Important requirement of MG operation - to maintain a constant frequency such as 50 Hz or 60 Hz * real power (P) : freq↑(Ps>PD), freq↓(Ps<PD)

Grid-interconnected mode - can trade power with the power grid for the shortage or surplus power in the Microgrid

Islanded mode - an isolated Microgrid by fault occurrence in the interconnected power grid or

geographical isolation such as an island - decrease in generation for supply excess load-shedding for supply shortage


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Smart MG An autonomous MG

Necessity of Research - economy of scale - economic and efficient operation and management - to protect privacy of small-scaled participants

Function - operation & control - protection & maintenance - management - etc.


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Agent-based Smart MG

Communication Link

Power Line

Battery

MGOCC

Power Grid

Wind Power

Solar House

House

Office BuildingFuel Cell

Micro-turbine

Power Grid Control Center

Agents


What is an Agent? An intelligent agent, which is simply called an agent, can perceive its envi-

ronment, make a decision against changes of the environment, and act to re-solve them autonomously according to its design purpose

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A1 A2

A3

A4 An

Environment

Action

State vectorsAgents

Active Agents


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Dimeas and Hatziargyriou suggested a multiagent system based on an auction algorithm for Microgrid operation in the Grid-interconnected mode - competitive model based on auction market of power

Kim and Kinoshita suggested a cooperative multiagent system for Microgrid operation for the Grid-interconnected mode & Islanded mode - cooperative model based on the modified CNP

Existing Multiagent System for MG


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MG Operation- Procedure -

In general, power Grids are operated by a plan for the next interval

We assumed that MG operation will be operated by a plan for next interval

interval i-1 interval i interval i+1 ………

Plan:

Implementation:

………


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Core of Microgrid operation : to maintain the frequency of Microgrid system in allowable ranges

Relationship between frequency and power if (Psupply > Pdemand) than freq↑, if (Psupply < Pdemand) than freq↓ balance is very important

Frequency Maintenance in Microgrid if (Psupply > Pdemand) than sell power to power grid or charge to storage if (Psupply < Pdemand) than buy power from power grid or discharge from storage

MG Operation - Grid-interconnected Mode -


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MG Operation - Islanded Mode -

Supply shortageSupply surplus Checking balance between supply and demand

Start

Load-shedding

Equilibrium

Receiving the information of power supply and demand from participants

No actionDecreasing generation


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Ag = {AgMGOCC, AGL, AGDG, AGS, AgPG}

Design of MAS for MG

For communication among agents: a modified version of the Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language (KQML) is employed

- Massage form(<performative> :from <agent name> :to <agent name> :content <OAV type data>)

For knowledge sharing among agents, the following template format is used: (template name :ID identifier OAV type data list)

State transition function (T)

),(),( ' esTas

Multiagent System for MG


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Contract Net Protocol (CNP)Step 1

managerannounce a task

Step 2

managerbid

bidderbidder

Step 3

manageraward

contractor


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DASH multiagent platform as a development tool of agent systems

IDEA as a design environment of DASH agents

Java language for user defined functions

Implementation


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Grid-interconnected mode

Experiments

Power grid

MGOCC Microgrid

DG1 DG2 DG3 L1

Islanded mode

L1 L2 MGOCC

S1DG1 DG2

Participant of IMG Ag in IMGPower line Communication links


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Grid-interconnected mode

Results of Experiments Islanded mode


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Future Work Improve intelligence of Agents - Game theory, Fuzzy, Neural Network, etc

Other Functions - control - protection - maintenance - management - efficient communication links & security - etc.

Test bed


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• H.-M. Kim, and T. Kinoshita, " A Multiagent System for Microgrid Operation in the Grid-interconnected Mode”, accepted, Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology• H.-M. Kim, and T. Kinoshita, " A Multiagent System for Islanded Microgrid Operation”, submitted, IEICE Trans. on Communications • H.-M. Kim, and T. Kinoshita, " A Microgrid Operation based on a Power Market Environment,” Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Engineers, Vol. 23, No. 11, pp.61-68, Nov. 2009.• H.-M. Kim, and T. Kinoshita, " Multiagent System for Microgrid Operation based on a Power Market Environment,” INTELEC 2009, Songdo, Korea, Oct. 2009. • R.H. Lasseter, "Microgrids", IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2001,

vol. 1, pp. 146-149• N. Hatziargyriou, H. Asano, H. R. Iravani, and C. Marnay, “Microgrids”, IEEE Power

and Energy Magazine, Vol. 5, Issue 4, pp. 78-94, July-Aug. 2007• A.L. Dimeas, and N.O. Hatziargyriou, “Operation of a Multiagent System for Microgrid

Control”, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 20, Issue 3, pp. 1447 –1455 Aug. 2005

References


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Thanks for your kind attention!

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Smart Microgrid Technology