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www.smart-microgrid.ca
Overview of BC-Hydro/BCIT Smart Power Microgrid
June 2013, Toronto, Ontario
Hassan Farhangi, PhD, PEng, SM-IEEE
Director, Smart Grid Research British Columbia Institute of Technology, Vancouver, Canada
Background
Problems facing the Power Industry:
1. Rising cost of energy
2. Aging infrastructure
3. Mass Electrification
4. Climate Change
Solutions pursued by Utility companies: 1. Optimize use of expensive assets 2. Manage end-user demand 3. Facilitate Co-Generation 4. Use renewable sources of energy
These require modernization of the electricity grid through strategic gradual implantation of fully validated solutions into the critical infrastructure.
BC-Hydro/BCIT Microgrid Deliverables
– Unique platform to offer Smart Grid training for students, faculty and industry professionals
– Help the institute reduce and/or optimize its carbon footprint and energy costs of the campus
– Help utilities validate new technologies and solutions in a near-real environment
– Mitigate critical infrastructure risks, security, reliability and vulnerability
– Create a ‘sandbox’ where new technologies and solutions can be developed, tested and qualified
BC-Hydro/BCIT’s Smart Microgrid
4
Canada’s first campus based Smart Microgrid at BCIT’s Burnaby Campus
5
BC-Hydro/BCIT RD&D Objectives • Development of a Smart Microgrid to enable:
Provisioning Methods for Smart Termination Points (Meters, Data Aggregators, Appliances, Sensors, Controls, etc)
Integration Solutions for Alternative Sources of Energy (Co-Generation thru Wind, Solar, Thermal, Storage, etc)
Innovative Network Architecture and Topology for Smart Grid
• Operational Analysis and Infrastructure Security: Resilience, Reliability, Security and Scalability Data Collection, Command & Control algorithms Vulnerability Analysis and Threat Mitigation Strategies
• Development of Interface Protocols & Models to ensure: Interface with Utility Back-office tools (Billing, Load Management, Service
Provisioning, Asset Management, Outage Restoration, etc) Seamless end-to-end deployment, operation & maintenance Easy & Intuitive human interface for operators & customers
6
Microgrid Implementation Phases
Phase 1: Construction of Smart Microgrid (2008-2010)
• Completion of Smart Metering on designated loads
• Development of Load Control Devices for Afresh/Dorms
• Integration of Comm Network (Zigbee, WiMax and Fiber backhaul)
• Integration of Co-Gen, Solar Modules and Wind Turbine
• Completion of protection/islanding of BCIT Campus
• Retrofitting and Integration of AFRESH with Microgrid
• Dev of BCIT EMS system (target 10% annual saving)
Phase 2: Smart Grid Research and Development (2010-2015)
• Research thru NSERC Strategic Network (UoNB, McGill, UoT, UoWO, UoA, UBC, SFU, UVIC and BCIT)
Phase 3: Smart Microgrid Commercialization (2015-2017)
• Setup of Industry Canada’s NCE (Network of Centers of Excellence) in pan-Canadian Smart Grid technology
BC-Hydro/BCIT Microgrid Topology
PV Modules (Canopies)
300 KW
Wind Turbine 2X5 KW
BUS
BUS
Campus Wide Communication Network (Wi-Max, Zigbee, ISM RF, PLC, Fiber)
EV Charging Stations
Industrial Loads
Classrooms & Offices
Residences
Dis
trib
uti
on
Net
wo
rk
CO-Gen
Plants
Command &
Control
Communication
Network
Campus
Loads Li-Ion Storage
550 KWh
Thermal Turbine 250KW
BUS
BUS
Microgrid Control Center
BUS
Substation Automation & Critical Infrastructure
Security Lab
Distributed Energy
Management
BUS
BUS
BC Hydro/BCIT’s Microgrid SLD
Thermal Co-Gen
• Fed by Nebraska Boiler
• New advanced multi-fuel boiler in Building SE8
• Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
• Planned Flywheel (25 KW)
• Installed Li-Ion Storage pack (25 KW)
• Rated at ~ 250 kW
Thermal Co-Gen
Thermal Co-Gen
PV Co-Gen
Wind Co-Gen
Net-zero Nanogrid
Smart Home Nanogrid SLD
Nanogrid Communication Network
Smart Appliances
Load Control Thru Scheduling
Smart Microgrid Control Center
Critical Infrastructure Security Lab
Substation Automation
Existing BCIT Substation E Retrofits for IEC-61850
Smart Metering technologies
• Smart Meters are installed in various buildings and on some target loads to be monitored
• Technologies chosen based on challenging environments (e.g. PLC in Welding shop, etc)
• Different MDMS need to be integrated under utility EMS
• Issues were discovered (e.g. reliability of technologies)
Communication System Topology
Hybrid Communication System
Distribution Substations WAN
Frequency & Network Planning
Network Status as of October 2010
Asset Management
EMS Residence Portal
• Designed to increase awareness of electrical consumption
• Targets to reduce consumption by modifying consumer behavior
• Portal design was based on Social science research
• Consumers sensitive to how they’re doing versus their neighbours
• Focus on empowering consumers to make the right energy choices
EMS Residence Portal
Demand Response
Load Control Thru Scheduling
• User Specified Scheduling
• Targets baseboard heaters, hot water tanks, lighting, etc.
• EMS directly communicates with load control boxes
DR Competition Results
• Held over two weeks in Jan 2010 between BCIT’s dorms (identical buildings, all electric powered, flat rental rates)
• Objectives: Use DR technology to reduce consumption without introducing inconveniences for inhabitants
• 21% overall reduction in consumption
• Over 30% reduction in winning house
• GREAT response from students!
– Level of interest very high (community info sessions)
– Pro-active (and sometimes disallowed) measures
– Motivated by competition between different houses
Impact of DR Field Tests on Student Residence Demand Curve
Mitigation of EV Charging Impact on utility’s typical distribution feeders
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS
Critical Infrastructure Security Lab • Network Performance Testing (jaalaM
AppareNet)
• Encryption Software Protection Testing (BSB Utilities and Whitenoise Labs)
• Network Security Study (Syncrude)
• SCADA Protocol Vulnerability Analysis (US National Infrastructure Security Coordination Centre)
• SCADA/PCN Firewall Best Practices (NISCC)
• PLC Attack Testing (BP)
• Modbus/TCP blackPeer testing (DoD TSWG’s Infrastructure Protection Program)
Critical Infrastructure Security Lab
• Oil Sands Control Systems Security (Suncor)
• Honeywell C300 Controller Device Vulnerabilities (Honeywell)
• Seminar on Cyber Security Needs for Critical Infrastructure in the Energy Industry (Industry Canada)
• ExxonMobil Site Security Assessment (Idaho National Labs) • DNP3 Vulnerability Analysis & Testing (Cisco) • ASI Fellowships & IEEE Awards for security testing • Two spin-off companies (Byres Security and Wurldtech)
46
Vulnerabilities
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Physical layer: Wireless/RF
Protocols: IEC 61850 , ANSI C12.22
Unauthenticated access
Eavesdropping
Playback
Spoofing
Intrusion detection
Malformed packets
Denial of Service
Insecure Primary Interfaces * *Ref: AMI Attack Methodology, Carpenter, Goodspeed, Singletary, Skoudis, Wright – Jan 2009
SG System Level Vulnerabilities
• Hackers potentially tampering with pricing signals, causing rapid demand changes , causing feeder failures or generation system imbalance
• Intruders changing Substation assets parameters (VVO, CB, VR, etc) causing substation shutdown and domino failures
• Control Centre HMI – often Windows or Linux machines with inherent security vulnerabilities
• LTE – are all-IP, so can be hacked, spoofed, infected with viruses, prone to DoS attacks
• WiMAX – jamming, interference, rogue base stations, protocol fuzzing, spoofed management frames
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Vulnerabilities identification and mitigation strategies
• Identify Potential IEC 61850 and ANSI C12.22 Vulnerabilities to mitigate
• Acquire, Configure, and Commission IEC 61850 and ANSI C12.22 Devices
• Configure Test Gear to Exploit Vulnerabilities (e.g. malformed packets, DoS, eavesdropping, prevention of playback, spoofing, intrusion detection)
• Ensure mitigation strategies such as IEC 62351-6 address above, without violating critical GOOSE timing constraints
• Analyze & Document Vulnerability Tests and Mitigation Results
49
Questions?
Dr. Hassan Farhangi, PhD, PEng, SM-IEEE
Director, GAIT, BCIT Technology Centre
BCIT CARI Bldg Wing B, 4355 Mathissi Place
Vancouver, BC, V5G 4S8, CANADA.
Tel: +1-604-456-8074
e-mail: [email protected]
http://www.bcit.ca/microgrid/
http://www.smart-microgrid.ca/
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