Department of Electrical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering

Hydro power generation

KEEE3254: Energy Conversion & High Voltage Power Transmission

Semester 1, 2014/15

Learning outcome:

In the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

Explain the operation of hydro power plant

Describe the components in hydro power plant

List examples of hydro power plant in the world

2

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Overview of hydro power

Hydropower plants convert water energy into electricity.

The concept: water flowing through a dam turns a turbine, which turns a generator, generating electricity. The water in the reservoir is stored energy. When the gates open, the water flowing through the penstock becomes kinetic energy due to in motion.

3

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Energy sources used to generate the worlds electricity

Hydro power plant

4

A hydro power plant

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Hydro power plant

5

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Part Functions

Dam Holds back water, creating a large reservoir (recreational lake).

Intake Gravity pulls the water through the penstock (pipeline). Water builds up pressure as it flows through this pipe.

Turbine The water strikes and turns the large blades of a turbine, which is attached to a generator above it by way of a shaft.

Generators As the turbine blades turn, magnets inside the generator rotate past copper coils, producing AC voltage.

Transformer Converts AC voltage to higher voltage.

Outflow Used water reenters the river downstream.The amount of electricity generated depends on volume of water flow.

The Shaft and generator

6

Shaft that connects the turbine and generator

Generator

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Shaft

Turbine

Generator

Examples of hydro power plant (local)

7

Bak

un

dam

(24

00 M

W)

Ken

yir

dam

(40

0 M

W)

Ch

end

ero

hd

am (

40.5

MW

)

Tem

eng

go

rd

am (

348

MW

)

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

8

High head hydro power plant:

Advantages?

Disadvantages?

Low head hydro power plant:

Advantages?

Disadvantages?

Type of hydro power plantKEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Pumped storage hydropower plant

9

In a conventional hydropower plant, the water from the reservoir flows through the plant, exits and is carried down stream.

A pumped-storage plant has two reservoirs:

Upper reservoir: A dam creates a reservoir. The water in this reservoir flows through the plant to create electricity.

Lower reservoir: Water exiting the hydropower plant flows into a lower reservoir rather than re-entering the river and flowing downstream.

Using a reversible turbine, the plant can pump water back to the upper reservoir. The second reservoir refills the upper reservoir.

By pumping water back to the upper reservoir, the plant has more water to generate electricity during periods of peak consumption.

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Hydro power plants in Malaysia

10

Sungai Perak hydroelectric scheme, with 1249

MW installed capacity:

Sultan Azlan Shah Bersia Power Station 72 MW

Chenderoh Power Station 40.5 MW

Sultan Azlan Shah Kenering Power Station 120

MW

Sungai Piah Upper Power Station 14.6 MW

Sungai Piah Lower Power Station 54 MW

Temenggor Power Station 348 MW

Sultan Ismail Petra Power Station 600 MW

Cameron Highlands hydroelectric

scheme, with 262 MW installed

capacity:

Sultan Yusof Jor Power Station 100 MW

Sultan idris Woh Power Station 150 MW

Odak Power Station 4.2 MW

Habu Power Station 5.5 MW

Kampong Raja Power Station 0.8 MW

Kampong Terla Power Station 0.5 MW

Robinson Falls Power Station 0.9 MW

Sabah and Sarawak:

Bakun Dam 2400 MW

Batang Ai Dam at Lubok Antu, Sarawak 25 MW

Tenom Pangi Dam at Tenom, Sabah 66 MW

Terengganu hydroelectric scheme:

Sultan Mahmud Power Station (Kenyir

dam) 400 MW

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Examples of hydro power plant (int.)

11

Ust

Ilim

skay

a,

Ru

ssia

(43

00 M

W)

Gra

nd

Co

ule

e D

am, U

SA

(6

800

MW

)

Th

ree

Go

rges

Dam

, Ch

ina

(22.

5 G

W)

Mic

a D

am, C

anad

a (2

.1 G

W)

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Three Gorges Dam, China

12

Power station:

Turbines 32 700 MW

2 50 MW

Installed capacity 22.5 GW

Capacity factor 0.45

Annual generation 80 TWh

Net generation 556 TWh

Dam (largest in the world):

Type of dam Gravity dam

Height 181 m (594 ft)

Length 2,335 m (7,661 ft)

Crest width 40 m (131 ft)

Base width 115 m (377 ft)

Impounds Yangtze River

KEEE3254 Sem. 1, 2014/15

Yangtze River