Slavery and Slavery and Sectional Crisis Sectional Crisis Lead to the Civil Lead to the Civil WarWar

LESSON 17LESSON 17

What were the arguments against slavery?I.I. Northern feelings on Northern feelings on

slaveryslaveryA.A. Economically unprofitableEconomically unprofitableB.B. Abolitionist movements Abolitionist movements

emergedemerged1.1. Abolitionists felt it was Abolitionists felt it was

morally wrongmorally wrong2.2. They argued that it violated They argued that it violated

democracydemocracy

What were the arguments against slavery?

3.3. Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass former slave who edited former slave who edited abolitionist newspaper in abolitionist newspaper in Rochester, NYRochester, NY

4.4. William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison editor of editor of The LiberatorThe Liberator

5.5. Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman secured freedom for secured freedom for fugitive slaves through fugitive slaves through Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad

What were the arguments against slavery?

e.e. Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman secured freedom secured freedom for fugitive slaves through for fugitive slaves through Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad

What were the arguments in support of slavery?

II.II. South and slaverySouth and slaveryA.A. 90%90% of Southerners of Southerners

did did notnot own slaves; own slaves; 9%9% owned fewer owned fewer than 5; than 5; 1%1% owned owned more than 50 slaves more than 50 slaves large planters large planters dominated South dominated South

What were the arguments in support of slavery?

B.B. Pro-slavery Pro-slavery argumentsarguments1.1. KING COTTON:KING COTTON:

Cotton production Cotton production provided mentally provided mentally inferior blacks a inferior blacks a better life here than better life here than in Africa in Africa

2.2. Economic benefit was Economic benefit was enormous for Southenormous for South

Compromise sought to provide a solution…III.III. Compromise of Compromise of

1850 1850 A.A. ISSUE: ISSUE: What to do What to do

about slavery in the about slavery in the new territories?new territories?

B.B. SOLUTION: SOLUTION: Henry Henry ClayClay emerged with emerged with another compromiseanother compromise

Compromise sought to provide a solution…

C.C. PROVISIONSPROVISIONS1.1. CaliforniaCalifornia became a free became a free

statestate2.2. New Mexico and Utah New Mexico and Utah

territories would follow territories would follow popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty (people decide if state (people decide if state was free or slave)was free or slave)

3.3. Fugitive slave lawFugitive slave law established:established: If a slave If a slave escapes to the North, the escapes to the North, the North is obligated to North is obligated to return them to the Southreturn them to the South

How did the North address the growing struggle over slavery?IV.IV. Anti-slavery feelings Anti-slavery feelings

grew in the Northgrew in the NorthA.A. FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW

(1850):(1850): Runaway slaves Runaway slaves found in the North had to found in the North had to be returned to the Southbe returned to the South

B.B. HARRIET BEECHER STOWE HARRIET BEECHER STOWE (1852):(1852): Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin published published showed life showed life of a slave in the South of a slave in the South

How did the North address the growing struggle over slavery?

V.V. Kansas-Nebraska Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)Act (1854)

A.A. Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas has a bill passed has a bill passed declaring the declaring the Line of 1820 Line of 1820 unconstitutional unconstitutional (Douglas (Douglas DemocratDemocrat))

B.B. This area would This area would become known become known as as KansasKansas and and NebraskaNebraska

How did the North address the growing struggle over slavery?

C.C. These areas would These areas would follow follow popular popular sovereigntysovereignty

D.D. ““Bleeding Bleeding Kansas”:Kansas”: Slaveowners and Slaveowners and abolitionists abolitionists rushed to the rushed to the territories for the territories for the popular vote popular vote violence resultedviolence resulted

Democrats divided over slavery…VI.VI. Election of 1856:Election of 1856: James BuchananJames Buchanan won the won the

election as a election as a Democratic Democratic candidate candidate Democrats were committed to continuing Democrats were committed to continuing slavery in Southslavery in South

Another minority President…

Where did the Supreme Court weigh in on slavery?

VII.VII. Dred Scott v. Dred Scott v. SandfordSandford (1857) (1857)

A.A. ISSUE: ISSUE: Scott was a slave in Scott was a slave in Missouri brought to Missouri brought to free territory free territory (Illinois & (Illinois & Wisconsin) by his Wisconsin) by his owner owner Scott sued Scott sued his master’s widow his master’s widow for freedom when for freedom when his master diedhis master died

Where did the Supreme Court weigh in on slavery?

B.B. SUPREME COURT SUPREME COURT DECISIONDECISION1.1. Slaves were considered Slaves were considered

property property blacks were blacks were not considered citizens not considered citizens and could not sue in and could not sue in federal courtfederal court

2.2. Congress could not Congress could not deprive a person of their deprive a person of their property property Missouri Missouri Compromise Compromise unconstitutionalunconstitutional

3.3. The decision was a victory The decision was a victory for the South for the South furthered furthered sectionalismsectionalism

When did the public learn When did the public learn about Lincoln?about Lincoln?

VIII.VIII. Lincoln-Douglas Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858):Debates (1858): Series Series of debates for Senate of debates for Senate race in Illinois made race in Illinois made Lincoln a national Lincoln a national figure regarding slavery figure regarding slavery and the state of North-and the state of North-South relationsSouth relations

“Honest Abe”

“The Little Giant”

How did John Brown provide How did John Brown provide another crack in the joints of another crack in the joints of the Union?the Union?

IX.IX. John Brown’s Raid (1859)John Brown’s Raid (1859)A.A. John BrownJohn Brown – a – a violent violent

abolitionistabolitionist – led raid at – led raid at Harper’s Ferry in Virginia Harper’s Ferry in Virginia he killed 5 men in “Bleeding he killed 5 men in “Bleeding Kansas” revolts in 1854Kansas” revolts in 1854

B.B. Robbed weapons for slave Robbed weapons for slave revolt revolt armed slaves against armed slaves against ownersowners

C.C. Caught and tried for treason Caught and tried for treason punished by hangingpunished by hanging

D.D. Hero in North, but a traitor in Hero in North, but a traitor in the Souththe South

Enter Lincoln…Enter Lincoln…X.X. Election of 1860Election of 1860

A.A. CANDIDATESCANDIDATES Northern Democrat Northern Democrat Stephen A. DouglasStephen A. Douglas Southern Democrat Southern Democrat John C. BreckinridgeJohn C. Breckinridge Republican Republican Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

Enter Lincoln…Enter Lincoln…J.J. Election of 1860Election of 1860

B.B. RESULTSRESULTS Lincoln only polls Lincoln only polls 40%40% of popular vote, but a majority of of popular vote, but a majority of

the electoral vote, and won the election the electoral vote, and won the election North & North & West brought him victoryWest brought him victory

How did the South react to How did the South react to Lincoln’s election?Lincoln’s election?XI.XI. Southern SecessionSouthern Secession

A.A. As soon as As soon as LincolnLincoln was elected, the was elected, the South claimed South claimed Lincoln was a Lincoln was a “Black “Black Republican.”Republican.”

B.B. South CarolinaSouth Carolina was was the first state to the first state to secede from the secede from the Union.Union.

How did the South react to How did the South react to Lincoln’s election?Lincoln’s election?

Jefferson DavisPresident of the

Confederacy

C.C. CONFEDERATE STATES CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA:OF AMERICA: By By December 1860, six December 1860, six other states follow other states follow South Carolina and the South Carolina and the ConfederacyConfederacy is is establishedestablished

How did the South react to How did the South react to Lincoln’s election?Lincoln’s election?

D.D. LINCOLN’S REACTION:LINCOLN’S REACTION: Secession is Secession is illegal illegal South started Civil War by attacking South started Civil War by attacking federal troops at Fort Sumter, SCfederal troops at Fort Sumter, SC

Where did Lincoln first Where did Lincoln first address slavery?address slavery?XII.XII. Emancipation Emancipation

Proclamation (1863):Proclamation (1863):Lincoln freed the slaves in Lincoln freed the slaves in the Confederate States the Confederate States symbolic for a few symbolic for a few reasons…reasons…

A.A. Union couldn’t enforce actUnion couldn’t enforce actB.B. It encouraged blacks to flee It encouraged blacks to flee

the Confederacythe ConfederacyC.C. IRONY!IRONY! Slavery was still legal Slavery was still legal

in the Union (North)in the Union (North)