COMMUNITY BASED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT in Sukunan Village, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

ISWANTO Polytechnic of Health, Yogyakarta

Email: isswanto@yahoo.com, Mobile: +6281578755703

NEW PARADIGM OF SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

Waste Mana-

gement Act.

(No.18/2008)

Reduce –Reuse–

Recycle (3Rs)

Collect – Transport -

Dispose

Approaches:

End of pipe

Government service

Effects:

increasing waste +++

crisis of landfill space

more pollution

bad behavior

more cost, less benefit

Approches:

Reducing in sources

Community participation

Goal:

reducing waste

long life of landfill +++

less pollution

good behavior

less cost, more benefit

before after

MSW Management Mechanism (mostly)

all solid waste goes to landfill

Modern life style disposable things amount of waste

“Suka menyampah, tetapi tidak mau mengolah”

Waste tragedy in Bandung (Feb 21st, 2006) No space for landfill

Integrated waste management system by community (group/village) productively and environmental friendly

COMMUNITY BASED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (CBSWM)

PROBLEMS (pollutants)

POTENTIONS (resources)

WASTE

CO-BENEFIT (Economic, Ecological, Human Health, etc.)

ADVANTAGES for (community, government, private, etc.)

CASE STUDY OF CBSWM IN SUKUNAN VILLAGE

Welcome to Sukunan

“the eco-tourism village”

SUKUNAN Village : - a sub-urban village - 5 km from city center - surrounded by rice field - 296 families - 1117 people - 40% are farmers

Location of the Sukunan Village

Sukunan

Village

Sukunan

Village

Sukunan is surrounded by rice field

RIFDAFADLILLAH RONADEVA

My family has been living in Sukunan since 1997 First, we met waste problem, Sukunan has not gotten

the waste management service from local Government

ISWANTO ENDAH

History of the Sukunan Program

Rubbish was found anywhere.

In 2000, some farmers complained to the villagers who disposed their waste into the rivers and the irigation canals

It’s the first waste problem for community

Inorganic solid waste destroyed rice plants .

Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) disposed anywhere

More than 90% of Sukunan people burnt all their garbage everyday

Social conflicts were often arose

from Waste

Who dump the waste here…..!!

will die soon will go to the hell will be stupied will be poor

COWS WERE PLACED NEAR KITCHENS

SMELL AND MANY FLIES

SOME HOUSEHOLDS (± 40) HAD NO TOILET

SOME PEOPLE USED RIVER AND IRIGATION CANALS AS TOILETS WATER IN SOME WELLS WERE CONTAMINATED E.coli

EVERY YEAR..... SOME COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

EMERGED IN SUKUNAN

diarrhea

dengue fever

typhoid

some other intestine diseases

Bad behaviour and

wrong manage the waste

Dangerous for public health

and environment

needed environmental friendly waste management system

Looked for Solution

I was in confusion

Needed

an Agent

of Change

MOVE ON

visiON

actiON

passiON

colla-

boratiON

education rule

leadership

social EcONOMy Healthy & ecology

GOAL

Needed multiple

approaches

as a Javanese I HELD A LEADERSHIP BASED ON JAVANESE PHILOSHOPY

Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodho (lead in front) a leader must become as a model (good example) for community

Ing Madyo Mangun Karso (among the people) a leader must work together with community talk less, do more

Tut Wuri Handayani (lead from behind) a leader must support the community development

Seko sithik, seko awake dhewe, seko saiki (begin small, begin myself, begin now)

“think globally, act locally”

“HAMEMAYU HAYUNING BAWONO”

“the villagers join hands to save the earth”

Learnt from Scavengers

Learnt from Scavengers in the Final Disposal Site Almost all

garbage is recyclable

material after

separating by

scavengers

From the study... with my daughter, I wrote a poetry……………

BALADA SEONGGOK SAMPAH karya Iswanto - Ronadeva

AKU LAHIR KARENA KAMU, AKU ADA JUGA KARENA KAMU, I was born because of you, I was on the earth because of you,

SETIAP HARI ENGKAU HASILKAN AKU, SETIAP HARI PULA ENGKAU CAMPAKKAN AKU Everyday you make me, Everyday you also throw me.

BETAPA MALANG NASIBKU JADI SEONGGOK SAMPAH; SELALU DIJAUHI, DIHINA DAN DISIA-SIAKAN.

What a pity of me becoming a pile of rubbish, always avoided, humiliated and wasted,

BETAPA SEDIH DITAKDIRKAN JADI SETUMPUK SAMPAH; DIANGGAP BIANG BENCANA DAN MUSIBAH What a sorrow predestined as a pile of rubbish,deemed the cause of calamities

SALAH SENDIRI ENGKAU BUANG AKU KE KALI, HINGGA AKU KIRIMKAN BANJIR BERTUBI-TUBI, It’s your own fault throwing me to rivers, so I send flood and flood,

SALAH SENDIRI KAU BAKAR AKU SEMBARANGAN,HINGGA AKU TEBARKAN RACUN PENCEMARAN,

It’s your own fault burning me carelessly, so I spread poisons and fumes, SALAH SENDIRI ENGKAU BUANG AKU DI TEPI JALAN, HINGGA AKU MUNCULKAN KEKUMUHAN,

It’s your own fault throwing me to streets, so I give you a dirty and slum SALAH SENDIRI KAU BUANG AKU DISEMBARANG TEMPAT, HINGGA AKU SEBARKAN LALAT DAN BAU MENYENGAT

It’s your own fault throwing me anywhere,so I attract flies and smell bad. TIDAK MAMPUKAH WAHAI ENGKAU MANUSIA? MENGELOLA AKU DENGAN SEBAIK-BAIKNYA,

Can’t you do this, human being? Treat me very well TIDAK SADARKAN WAHAI ENGKAU MANUSIA? ADA MUTIARA DALAM SEONGGOK SAMPAH.

Don’t you aware this, human being? There is a diamond behind a pile of rubbish.

Emerged an idea to separate and recycle waste

Solid Waste

Sellable Waste Recyclable and Reusable Waste

(Recycled by Community)

Unsellable Unrecyclable &

Un-reusable Waste

Sold to Middleman, Thus to Industries

Recycling Products

Residual Waste

Separated

Landfill

Income for Community

Sold

Income for Community

Prevention & Reduce

I looked for an appropriate composting method

My wife created handicrafts from plastic waste

Implemented the idea into family (ing ngarso sung tulodho)

Proposing the idea to “night watch” group

I confused to realize the idea to community

I had no money to buy the recyling facilities

I wrote a proposal and proposed to the

local government.... but failed

I proposed again...and failed again.....

Finally... I got a donor (a family from

Melbourne, Australia)

After got the donor..... I proposed the idea to community, established a vision of the village, and built a strong commitment

Establishing Waste Management Team (LOCAL NGO for Managing Solid Waste in Sukunan Village)

Socialization the system to women by local people

Socialization to Youth by their leader

Socialization to Children by youth

Training how to make compost to children

Training how to recycle paper to children

Training how to separate the waste to children by playing game

(organized by youth)

Clean up the Sukunan Village with Children (monthly)

Educating how to separate the waste to each household (door to door)

(counducted by sukunan team)

Socialization by song

(created by sukunan people)

KELOLA SAMPAH (Reuse Lagu Menanam Jagung, Syair : Iswanto)

Ayo kawan kelola sampah

Dengan tiga R dan pilah-pilah

Kurangi sampah, manfaatkan sampah,

Ayo semua recycle sampah kita,

Pisah, pisah, pisahlah sampah

Jalan terbaik kelola sampah

Olah, olah, olahlah sampah

Jalan terbaik kelola sampah

Socialization by poetry

Socialization by mural (made by youth)

My wife & her friends trained to make

plastic waste handicrafts

Bins preparation by the Community (youth, women and men)

Seeking old drums, welding, and painting the bins Mural competition (collaboration with othe NGO) Emerging sense of belonging to the program

Placing three bins per collecting point (on 22 sites) by youth

Bins were ready. One set (3 bins) for 10 – 15 families

Sukunan community made the waste management rules and campaigned 3R for reducing “the residual waste”

Implementation of the Solid Waste Management System

in Sukunan Community

Tom 09/05

Separate rubbish in each house 1) PLASTIC, 2) PAPER, 3) BOTTLE, CANS, GLASS, METAL

from houses to bins

PICKING BY SACK

from bins to the garbage deepo by a collector (weekly)

GARBAGE DEEPO

PAPER

BOTTLE, CANS METAL,GLASS

PLASTIC

Bimonthly the recyclable waste is sold to the buyer (middleman) ± 85% of all inorganic waste can be sold

the money from selling rubish goes to waste collector and community (Sukunan villagers do not need to pay for waste management)

the Waste Bank Model

From Houses to The Waste Bank

Saving the Waste in the Community Bank

Weigh (accounting) each type of the waste

Recording and Reporting by the waste bank staffs

from the waste bank to the customers (community)

But ............... Some Solid Wastes couldn’t be sold

disposable sanitary napkin

snack/coffee pacs (plastic + aluminium foil)

car/motor bike tyre

ex cloth

styrofoam

organic waste

etc.

Solution : 3R REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE

Reducing Rubbish Campaign

Bring shoping bag

from home

Say no

to styrofoam box!

Don’t use

disposable diapers

daily

Use reusable sanitary napkins !

Sukunan Women Created Reusable Sanitary Napkins to reduce the solid waste

The “SUKUNO” : Su = good; Kuno = ancient Back to ancient habit using cloth for women napkins

cleaning and setting process

The Sukunan women made plastic waste handicrafts

Sewing process in each maker house

The products

School Bags

Chair

Motor Bike

Pillows

NOODLE PACKS FOR COVER TABLE

EX.PLASTIC BAGs

FOR

COVER BOOKS &

REUSABLE BAGS (IRON

METHOD)

EX. PLASTIC BAGS FOR

FLOWERS

(iron method)

SELL THE RECYCLING HANDICFRAFTS

(70% :Maker, 25% : Material, 2.5% : Village, 2.5% : Saving)

Sukunan children and women made handicrafts and recycled paper waste

Sukunan women made handicraft from cloth scrap

Chairs from ex. Tires

Many houses were ruined…………… Needed materials to rebuild house

When Earthquake devastated Yogyakarta, included SUKUNAN (May 27th , 2006)

Emerged idea to use the styrofoam waste as rebuilding material

Grinding the styrofoam into granule

Mixing with other materials

by composition (1 PC : 3 sands : 3 styrofoam) + water

For making styrofoam bricks

Some houses were built from styrofoam

For making styrofoam pots

BROKEN GLASS FOR MAKING BRICKS (1 PC : 3 SANDS : 2 GRANULE GLASS )

USING BOTTLE GLASS FOR HANDICRAFTS

Sukunan people created handicraft from eggshell

Clay pots for composting bin

Implementation of compost making in each household

Sukunan’s composting bin models

ORGANIC WASTE

10 cm

Biopori

80-100 cm

USING BIO-POROUS FOR COMPOSTING

MAKING BIOPORI

BIOPORI

DOUBLE FUNCTIONS COMPOSTING RAIN HARVESTING

DRY LEAVES

FRESH LEAVES

COWS MANURE

MIXING 1 : 1 : 1 & WATERING

COMPOSTING

COMPOSTING ON

THE GROUND

COMPOSTING IN

THE SACS

COMPOST MAKING FROM LEAVES AND COWS MANURE

WORK TOGETHER (gotong royong) FOR HARVESTING COMPOST

PACKAGING AND SELLING COMPOST

USING THE COMPOST/FERTILIZER

Making and selling the composting facilities

MAKING CACOAL (BRIKET ARANG) FROM HARD ORGANIC WATSE BY PIROLYSIS METHOD

ARANG RANTING ARANG DAUN

PROCCESSING

COAL CACOAL POWDER LIQUID GLUE

PRODUCTS

DRY AND USE IT FOR COOKING

LOCALIZED COWS IN THE COMMUNAL STABLE

TREATING THE CATTLE MANURE INTO METHANE

DISAIN DIGESTER BIOGAS MODEL DOME

METHANE

SLURRY

CATTLE MANURE + WATER = (1:1)

150 – 200 L/DAY

INLET

DIGESTER OUTLET

GAS PIPE

METHANE FOR COOKING, LAMP & FERTILIZER

FOR COOKING

FOR LAMP

EFFLUENT (SLUDGE) FOR FERTILIZER

Socialization to other communities

Many stakeholders spread the Sukunan

model by some movies to over all areas

of Indonesia

from Sukunan to Yogyakarta and Indonesia more than 197 villages in Yogyakarta Province has replicated

the Sukunan Model

Established : Yogyakarta Community Based Solid Waste Management Association

“MERTI BUMI LESTARI” In 2009

Anniversary of the Indonesia “Waste Care Day”

(every February, 21st) in Yogyakarta Province

91.13

82.75

65.17

27

67

93

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2008 2009 2010

tho

usa

nd

to

n/y

ear

Year

Residual Solid

Waste Volume

(thousand

ton/year)

Amount of

CBSWM Group

Amount of CBSWM Group vs. Residual Waste

Sukunan got trophies, awards & rewards from Environment Ministry RI & Women Empowerment Ministry RI, 2004 Sukunan became one of best practices of CBSWM in Indonesia, 2006

Invited by President of Republic of Indonesia (2004)

DEVELOPING

OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL

PROGRAMS

1. Waste water treatment

2. Appropriate environment technologies

innovation

3. Saving energy

4. Water conservation

5. Re-greening

6. Etc.

TOILET PROBLEM SOLVING MAKING THE COMMUNAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES IN 5 SITES

TREAT THE GREY & BLACK WATER FROM 150 HOUSEHOLDS

Sedimentation Anaerobic Filter Settling

RBC

30 HOUSEHOLDS

GREY AND BLACK WATER

inlet

outlet

Sedimentasi Anaerobic Filter Settling

RBC

Communal Waste Water Treatment Design

(Anaerobic Filter & Rotating Biological Contactor)

WASTE WATER FROM 30 HOUSES

TOILETS, KITCHEN, LAUNDRY,

WASHING/BATHROOM, Etc (Black & Grey Water)

INLET OUTLET

Sedimentasi Anaerobic Filter Contact Aeration Settling

Blower

Other design (Anaerobic Filter & Contact Aeration)

30 Households

Black & Grey Water

INLET

OUTLET

Treating the urine of human to liquid fertilizer

kotoran sapi

PUPUK

CAIR

urinoir

Stabilisasi

dan

aktivasi

mikroba

Fermentasi

(masa

tinggal > 5

hari)

Aerasi

(masa tinggal

> 1 hari)

ventilasi

HIDROPONIK

pompa

URINOIC (LIQUID FERTILIZER) FOR

VEGETABLES (HYDROPONIC SYSTEM)

ORGANIC VEGETABLE

RAIN HARVESTING

STORAGE + CHLORINE

PLANTS

SAVING WATER IN THE

GROUND

RAIN WATER

+ SCREEN

OVER FLOW

FISH POND

FOR WASHING

WATER CONSUMPTION EFFICIENCY :

Using simple shower Made from PVC Pipe Community could make it themselves

ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY

MY DAUGHTER AND I CREATED WATER HEATER ON STOVE double function for cooking & water heater

Sun Light Harvesting for Energi Saving in Each House

Using vegetable & fruit traditional storage (clay pots) “natural refrigerator”

fresh longer (2-3 days) (producted by Tracy)

Making and placing Chlorine Diffuser in the water storage water become safe from E.coli contaminated community could make it themselves

Making and placing ovitraps to eliminate dengue fever

cases reducing Aedes aegypti

population

Water conversations by re-greening program

Water conservation to prevent water crisis

in dry season

Planting some type of fruits

Planting “Red Ginger” (herbal)

Herbal Gardens

Effects of the Program Many people from overall of Indonesia & some countries in

the World visited Sukunan: Emerged a new vision of the village in 2008:

“SUKUNAN GOES TO THE ECO-TOURISM VILLAGE”

500 – 600 people/month visit to Sukunan

Traditional dance “kuda lumping”

Visitors learning gamelan

Traditional culture to save the earth

Visitors buying any recycle products

Training to recycle any waste

Training by local people

Field study from many schools and universities

Farming tourism

Visiting Environment Ministry of Indonesia

(Sukunan as Pioneer of Cilmate Change Village in Indonesia in 2012)

RESULTS OF THE SUKUNAN’S COMMUNITY BASED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (CBSWM) PROGRAM

• Community awareness for managing the waste and re-greening is improved;

Rubbish Burning Habit is Reduced

Waste Separation and Recycling Habit are

Established

Many plants are planted

• Waste volume could be recycled and reduced

• Environmental quality and public health are improved

• Economic benefits for community (income generating)

• Sukunan CBSWM is become a model in Indonesia