Simplifying Design Procedures for Concrete Buildings in Accordance With

The Industry Codes and Compliance

Presented by:Khaled Allam

Design Manager - Khatib Alami

Introduction

• Historical Information for Building Construction

Types of Buildings Construction

According to Material of Construction

Reinforced Concrete Structures

Steel Structures

Wood Structures

Aluminum Structures

Types of Buildings Construction

According to No. of Stories or Height

Low Rise floors

High Rise structures

Elevated Tanks

Types of Buildings Construction

• High compressive strength• Durability• Moldable• Pre-stressed concrete allow small dimensions and lighter structures• Its flexibility to accommodate the architectural design• Fire and weather resistance• Relatively lower cost

Advantages of Reinforced Concrete

Design Process

Architecture

Structure

PlumbingHVAC

Construction

Project Scope, Time, CostQuality

Design Codes – Concrete Structures

Egyptian code for design and

construction of concrete

structures

Egyptian code for loads and forces in structure and

building work

Uniform Building Code (UBC97)

American Society of Civil

Engineers (ASCE)

International Building Code

(IBC)

British Standard (BS e.g. BS8110)

Why We Use Codes or Standards

1- Regulate the design and construction of structures where adopted into law.

2- Provide minimum standards for safety, health including structural and mechanical integrity, means of egress, fire prevention and control, and energy conservation.

3- Ensure the proper material and methodology of construction.

Loads Subjected to Structures

• Gravity Loads : Dead & Live

• Lateral Loads: Seismic & wind

• Self-straining Loads: Thermal & Creep

Concrete Properties

• Concrete Content

45%

17%

12%

22%

2%

2%

Concrete Properties

• Concrete Behavior

Design Requirements

• Working Design method

• Strength Design method• Reduction in concrete strength• Factors for ultimate loads

Example:

𝑈𝑈 = 1.4 𝐷𝐷 + 1.7 𝐿𝐿𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥

= 0.67 𝑥𝑥 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑀𝑀1.5

𝑥𝑥 d − a2

= 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑥𝑥 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹1.15

𝑥𝑥 (𝑑𝑑 − 𝑎𝑎2

)

Design Requirements

• Deflection

• Crack control

• Fire resistance

• Horizontal Lateral Drift

Concrete Building Elements

Types of Concrete Slabs

• Solid Slab with Beams

Types of Concrete Slabs

• Flat Plate & Flat Slab

Types of Concrete Slabs

• One and Two Way Ribbed Slab

Types of Concrete Slabs

1. Waffle Slab

Types of Concrete Slabs

1. Precast Slab

Types of Concrete Slabs

1. Post Tensioned Slab

Why We Need Simplifying Design Procedures

Decrease conflicts between projects trades

Decrease design procedures

Decrease conflict with codes, regulation, standards

Decrease time and resources needed

Pre-Design Study of The Project

Good Early Planning make Good Project Design

Choose the proper floor system

Choose the proper arrangements of columns/walls

Choose the suitable system to applied loads and Arch. Requirements

Choose the proper joints (expansion, settlement)

How to simplify the Design Processes

Using design aids, simple manual calculations and use tabulated libraries from pervious projects

Prepare your unique in-house design tools (e.g. excel sheets)

Using analysis models and keep updated with changes

Be familiar with different Codes and periodic update to avoid sever change on the design

Using BIM in work decrease coordination and facilitate work

Archiving of projects with technical information as lesson learned

Simplifying the Design Procedures

• Using Interaction of BIM, Analysis Models and Drawings

Simplifying the Design Procedures• Proper Distribution and Regular Modules

Simplifying the Design Procedures

• Unsymmetrical Distribution of columns/Walls

Simplifying the Design Procedures

• Irregular Geometry

Simplifying the Design Procedures

• Irregular Geometry

Simplifying the Design Procedures

• Discontinuous Path of Loads From Floors to Foundation

Planted Wall/Columns

Transfer Slab/Beam

Simplify Design of Some Elements

• Columns• Using area method and design charts • Use dimensions that avoid slender columns• Decrease change in column dimension between floors• Using library of column Loads and details

Simplify Design of Some Elements

• Beams• Using area method to got loads• Using minimum depth to control deflection• Use moment and shear coefficient• Use tables and design Aids• Use Standard dimensions for construction cost effective

Simplify Design of Some Elements

• Slabs• Using regular modules

• Using minimum depth to control deflection

• Using flat plates without drop

• Use tables and design Aids

• Using proper economic system and construction cost effective

• Good coordination of opening locations

Simplifying Design Procedures

Examples of Design Aids

Egyptian Codes Design aids

Dr. Shaker Elbehery Handbook

Portland Cement Associates design Aids (PCA)

Reinforced Concrete Handbook, Charles E. Reynolds & James C. Steedman

Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute hand book (CRSI)

Simplify Design of Some Elements

• Choose the most economical Floor system • Repetition of Forms

• Saving in Materials VS Formwork cost • Simplicity of design dimensions

• Standard forms

Conclusion

• Good planning and coordination is good design (Complex building is complex design)• Saving of concrete and reinforcements against design time• Design cost saving against construction cost• The suitable procedures and code requirements to building complexity

Time Is Money Complex Design is More Codes Limitations