Shane Walker Public Speaking Lite February 21, 2006 Effective Visual Presentations

Shane WalkerShane Walker

Public Speaking LitePublic Speaking Lite

February 21, 2006February 21, 2006

Effective Visual PresentationsEffective Visual Presentations

Effective Presentations Effective Presentations

DeliveryDelivery

Game Day and Q&AGame Day and Q&A

PersuasionPersuasion

OrganizationOrganization

Visual Aids/ Visual Aids/ Group CohesivenessGroup Cohesiveness

Delivery Delivery

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ComfortableComfortable Vs. Confident Vs. Confident

StanceStance GesturesGestures VoiceVoice Eye ContactEye Contact

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Put hands in pocket

Sway from side to side

Movement as a crutch

Good posture

Feet shoulder width apart

Toes pointed to back of room

Arms to the side

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Gesturing too much

Not gesturing enough

Half-gestures

Distracting mannerisms

Keep above waist

Make them purposeful

Spatially representative

Relax arms when not gesturing

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Too quietly

Speaking in one continuous run-on

Monotone

Project

Use pauses and slow down

Use intonation and vocal variation

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Avoiding it altogether

Sprinkler

Back of the room or above their heads techniques

3-5 Seconds each

Work the room

Use it to guide emphasis and movement

Organization Organization

DeliveryDelivery OrganizationOrganization

What are the key the differences between What are the key the differences between composing a speech and a paper?composing a speech and a paper?


In a paper, all information is visibly In a paper, all information is visibly separated w/ important points separated w/ important points

highlightedhighlighted

In a paper, the reader can review all the In a paper, the reader can review all the informationinformation

Therefore

Speeches must be presented with a clear Speeches must be presented with a clear structure on the first, and only, timestructure on the first, and only, time

Such distinctions require us to develop and Such distinctions require us to develop and arrange our speeches to be even clearer, and arrange our speeches to be even clearer, and

more repetitive than a papermore repetitive than a paper

Keep in mind the Keep in mind the 3 T’s: Template, Typology, and 3 T’s: Template, Typology, and TechniqueTechnique..


Keep in mind the Keep in mind the 3 T’s: Template, 3 T’s: Template, Types of organization, and TransitionsTypes of organization, and Transitions..

TEMPLATETEMPLATEThe following template provides an effective way to The following template provides an effective way to organize your speech, highlighting important points organize your speech, highlighting important points

and optimizing audience retention.and optimizing audience retention.

Intro:Intro:Thesis:Thesis:

PREVIEW:PREVIEW:Points:Points:

#1:#1: transition:transition:

#2:#2: transition:transition:

#3:#3:REVIEW:REVIEW:

Conclusion:Conclusion:



TYPOLOGYTYPOLOGYOrganization schemes follow patterns that allow Organization schemes follow patterns that allow your audience to more easily follow and interpret your audience to more easily follow and interpret

your message.your message.

There is no perfect way to organize your speech. There is no perfect way to organize your speech. Use an organization scheme that will not only be Use an organization scheme that will not only be

effective and appropriate for your speech topic, but effective and appropriate for your speech topic, but one that you will enjoy delivering. one that you will enjoy delivering.

Different Organizational SchemesDifferent Organizational Schemes

Chronological – arranged in the order of occurrenceChronological – arranged in the order of occurrenceCause → Effect → SolutionCause → Effect → SolutionFunnel – initial broad analysis is developed into a Funnel – initial broad analysis is developed into a specific argumentspecific argumentReverse Funnel – specific arguments developed Reverse Funnel – specific arguments developed into a broad analysisinto a broad analysis

Spatial – ordered by position (physical, Spatial – ordered by position (physical, geographical, etc.)geographical, etc.)Acronyms – ordered around a play on words or Acronyms – ordered around a play on words or letterslettersDivide A Quote – take apart a quote into 2-4 Divide A Quote – take apart a quote into 2-4 sectionssectionsPriority – most important to least importantPriority – most important to least importantReverse Priority – least important to most importantReverse Priority – least important to most important

Topical – separate a larger subject into smaller Topical – separate a larger subject into smaller topicstopicsExtended Metaphor – use of a metaphor or analogy Extended Metaphor – use of a metaphor or analogy to explain a processto explain a processTheory / Practice – discuss something that didn’t Theory / Practice – discuss something that didn’t turn out as plannedturn out as plannedTime – place the longest arguments towards the Time – place the longest arguments towards the beginning and the shortest at the endbeginning and the shortest at the end



TECHNIQUETECHNIQUE

Redundancy/Consistency/Repetition – use and reuse the Redundancy/Consistency/Repetition – use and reuse the same words and phrase to explain your points; maintain the same words and phrase to explain your points; maintain the same order.same order.

Sign-Posts – find “catchy” ways to refer to your points so that Sign-Posts – find “catchy” ways to refer to your points so that they are easy for your audience to remember.they are easy for your audience to remember.

Transitions – use the same words/sign posts in your Transitions – use the same words/sign posts in your transitions…also:transitions…also:Effective transitions are crucial to cohesive speech Effective transitions are crucial to cohesive speech organization and smooth delivery.organization and smooth delivery.


DeliveryDelivery OrganizationOrganization


DesignDesign DeliverDeliverDefineDefine

Effective Visual Aid Use Effective Visual Aid Use

THINK: Does my speech need VA’s?THINK: Does my speech need VA’s?

Would I be . . .Would I be . . .

Enhancing?Enhancing?

Simplifying?Simplifying?

Adding Interest?Adding Interest?

Organize Your PresentationOrganize Your Presentation

Introductionand

ThesisPreview Body

RecommendReview Conclusion

Create the stage

– establish rapport

Mention what your

presentation is about

Support all points

with relevant

arguments

Summarize your

key argument

s

Present your

opinion

You are the Main FeatureYou are the Main Feature

DefineDefine DeliverDeliverDesignDesign


Have a Consistent FormatHave a Consistent Format

FontsFontsTitlesTitles

LayoutLayout

IconsIcons

Make changes in slide and Make changes in slide and title masters to suit title masters to suit

requirementsrequirements

CapsCaps

Shane WalkerShane Walker

Public Speaking LitePublic Speaking Lite

February 21, 2006February 21, 2006

Presentations Need a Title PagePresentations Need a Title Page

Presentations Need Transitional Presentations Need Transitional Slides Slides

DefineDefine DesignDesign DeliverDeliver

Lots of Text Hurts the EyeLots of Text Hurts the Eye

Many slides that you see probably look something like this. They will use a lot of “bullet points” that serve no real function other than to act as a table of content for the talk, rather than an actual visual aid to the presentation. Or worse yet, they present the audience with a solid block of text which diverts the attention of the audience towards reading the contents of the text than listening to the presenter.

Your visual aid should provide visual, rather than textual, impact because when you have too much text it distracts the audience and diverts their attention from the spoken presentation. Go 49ers!! Keep text to a minimum so that the audience's focus remains on you. By the way, what am I saying in my lecture right now???

Use Large Print Use Large Print (this is 40pt bold italic)(this is 40pt bold italic)

This sentence is written in plain text using a size 14 font…

This sentence is written in plain text using a size 24 font…

This sentence is written in bold using a size 36 font…

And this one is size 48 font!

Keep it SimpleKeep it Simple

Use the 6X6 ruleUse the 6X6 rule

Use large fonts (24 pt. or larger)Use large fonts (24 pt. or larger)

Use key words instead of sentencesUse key words instead of sentences

Use Contrasting ColorsUse Contrasting Colors

Dark background Dark background with light textwith light text

Dark BackgroundDark BackgroundWith dark textWith dark text

Light backgroundLight backgroundwith dark textwith dark text

Light backgroundLight backgroundWith light textWith light text

LimitLimit numbernumber ofof colorscolors usedused

Use Visual Means, not necessarily Use Visual Means, not necessarily Bullet PointsBullet Points

Not the best way . . . .Not the best way . . . .

A problem with speakingA problem with speaking– Lack of confidence breeds poor delivery.Lack of confidence breeds poor delivery.– Poor delivery bores audiences.Poor delivery bores audiences.– Bored audiences sap a speaker’s confidence.Bored audiences sap a speaker’s confidence.

Poor DeliveryPoor Delivery Bored AudiencesBored Audiences

Lack of ConfidenceLack of Confidence

Use Arrows to Use Arrows to ExplainExplain Processes Processes

Raw Data Emphasizes NothingRaw Data Emphasizes Nothing

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AMRobin 10 9 9 5 3 2 0Sparrow 7 7 6 4 3 1 1Pigeon 6 5 5 3 2 0 0Eagle 3 3 3 2 1 0 0Ostrich 0 0 2 1 0 0 0Average 5.2 4.8 5 3 1.8 0.6 0.2

Early Bird Gets the Worm

Highlight Key Data PointsHighlight Key Data Points

Sparrows can catch worms late in the day

4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AMRobin 10 9 9 5 3 2 0Sparrow 7 7 6 4 3 1 1Pigeon 6 5 5 3 2 0 0Eagle 3 3 3 2 1 0 0Ostrich 0 0 2 1 0 0 0Average 5.2 4.8 5 3 1.8 0.6 0.2

Early Bird Gets the Worm

Line Graphs Delineate TrendsLine Graphs Delineate Trends

0

5

10

15

20

25

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Sales

SalesSales

MonthMonth

Pie Charts Display ProportionsPie Charts Display Proportions

13%

17%

57%

13%

FoodRentTuitionFun

My Quarterly BudgetMy Quarterly Budget

Diagrams Break Down Objects Diagrams Break Down Objects Into Their Component PartsInto Their Component Parts

BarbarianBarbarian GovernorGovernor

sword = sword = strengthstrength

long hairlong hair

shirtlessshirtless

line of line of controlcontrol

short, professional hairshort, professional hairflagsflags

hands in hands in teaching teaching positionposition

Use Animation to Illustrate Use Animation to Illustrate Processes Processes

HistoricalData

HistoricalData

RegressionRegression

•• ••

••

••

•••••

••

• •• ••

••••• ••

••

•

PriceProcessModel

PriceProcessModel

SimulationSimulation PriceForecasts

PriceForecasts

Avoid DistractionsAvoid Distractions

Use builds sparinglyUse builds sparingly

Minimize or eliminate clip artMinimize or eliminate clip art

Use animation carefullyUse animation carefully



Use the Use the P.A.S.S. P.A.S.S. Method Method

PP ress Button (Place Slide)ress Button (Place Slide)

AA ll okay? (Adjust Slide)ll okay? (Adjust Slide)

SS tep Back whiletep Back while

SS peakingpeaking

Speak from the Plane of the Speak from the Plane of the ProjectionProjection

Speak from the Plane of the Speak from the Plane of the ProjectionProjection

Use the Transitional Slide Between Use the Transitional Slide Between Speakers Speakers


Adapt to Your Time Limit.Adapt to Your Time Limit.

Prepare 30 second summaries

1 slide per 2 minutes

Condense, don’t speed



Inter-group Stumbling BlocksInter-group Stumbling Blocks

Where do the other Where do the other groups members groups members

stand?stand?

Dark BackgroundDark BackgroundWith dark textWith dark text

What do the otherWhat do the othermembers do while you’re members do while you’re speaking? (be cognizant speaking? (be cognizant

that we’re watching)that we’re watching)

Transitioning Transitioning or or

Summarizing?Summarizing?

Who is the point of Who is the point of contact in Q&A?contact in Q&A?


DeliveryDelivery




Multiplicity Multiplicity PersuasionPersuasion

Not just a bad Michael Not just a bad Michael Keaton movie,Keaton movie,

But also

EssentialEssential to a well- to a well-rounded persuasive rounded persuasive

speechspeech

Multiplicity Multiplicity PersuasionPersuasion

Head Appeals (logos)Head Appeals (logos)

Includes acknowledgment of Includes acknowledgment of

the other sidethe other side

Heart Appeals (pathos)Heart Appeals (pathos)

Even the driest of presentations Even the driest of presentations should aim for the tickershould aim for the ticker

Halo Appeals (ethos)Halo Appeals (ethos)

It’s important to base your persuasive It’s important to base your persuasive speech on such an indisputable speech on such an indisputable

higher idealhigher ideal

DETERMINE YOUR POSITIONDETERMINE YOUR POSITION PersuasionPersuasion

-Your next task is to determine where your position lies -Your next task is to determine where your position lies relative to other possible positions on the issue. This relative to other possible positions on the issue. This

will help clarify what your goals for your speech will be-will help clarify what your goals for your speech will be-

Topic: Microfinance Market Exchange

It will introduce convenience and order in already chaotic system, serving as solid foundation for future innovations.(Better than what we have)

PRO Con

I--------------------X------------------------------------------------------------------------I

A market A market exchange system exchange system will revolutionize will revolutionize microfinancemicrofinance

No it won’tNo it won’t

xx xxxx xx xx


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Q&A Q&A

Game Day Game Day and Q&Aand Q&A

OpeningWhen transitioning from your speech to the Q&A session, keep it short. Finish your psychological closure and state that you are ready to answer questions, or ask if there are any questions.

Be resolute.

Q&A Q&A


Delivery of Q&AEye Contact, Movement, Tone

Answer the person. Address the crowd.

Q&A Q&A


PAR: Paraphrase, Align, Respond.

ParaphraseParaphrase

Allows you toAllows you to

repeat the question for people who may have not heard it,

clarify the question,

and/or reshape the question into what you want to answer.

AlignmentAlignment

Align withAlign with

their idea or their emotion.

Generally diffuses hostility and can assist the questioner in listening to your answer with a more open frame of mind

RespondRespond

Respond WithRespond With

Restatement of theme or thesis.

Say “I don’t know” or “That doesn’t fall within the scope of my research.”

If you know where they can find out, try to direct them to a source of

information.

Q&A Q&A


PAR: Paraphrase, Align, Respond.

ParaphraseParaphrase AlignmentAlignment RespondRespond

Conclude.

Don’t miss the opportunity to provide a summation of all the helpful points and issues brought up in Q&A.

Providing yet another opportunity to restate the value and/or theme of your project.

Be Sure to Sign up For Tutorials Be Sure to Sign up For Tutorials

DeliveryDelivery





Documents

Shane Walker Public Speaking Lite February 21, 2006 Effective Visual Presentations