Sewage and Effluent Treatment Presentation Taster.ppt

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Sewage and EffluentTreatment

2-4 November 2002

Seán Moran

-The first few slides



Day One: 2 November 2002

Overview: Wastewater Engineering

Wastewater Characteristics

Wastewater Treatment Considerations

Overview: Wastewater Treatment PlantDesign

Physical, Chemical and BiologicalProcesses



Overview: WastewaterEngineering

Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater is the water used by a

community Collected and treated prior to discharge

Standards of treatment vary but are

generally becoming more stringent Treatment is a process of removal of

smaller and smaller particles




Sludge Treatment Sludges are the product of biological

treatment of wastewater Sludges comprise solids found in

wastewater plus organisms used in thetreatment process

Disposal is a major issue Various disposal techniques are used but

each has advantages and disadvantages




Water Disposal and Re-Use

Wastewater treatment generates a Cleaned

Water Stream Cleaned water is often discharged to a

larger body of water for dilution

Alternatively, cleaned water my be re-usedfor irrigation or rarely drinking waterproduction




Characteristics are normally estimated byempirical methods

Wastewater Flows Flows arise from households, industry,

infiltration and storm flows

Flows are considered in both hydraulic and

process design Levels of treatment may vary for different

flowrates




Wastewater Flows

There is a variety of methods for

estimating flowrates However there may be great variability in

the factors which affect flowrates fromregion to region

Different multiples of the Dry WeatherFlow will receive each level of treatment




Wastewater Composition

Key design issues:

Solids: density, particle size, level of VolatileSuspended Solids

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Temperature

AmmoniaNutrient levels




Wastewater Treatment Considerations

Objective: to maintain or improve the

quality of the receiving body of water Treatment stages:

Preliminary

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary




Classification of Methods

PhysicalProcesses

ChemicalProcesses

BiologicalProcesses

Screening

Sedimentation

Filtration

Precipitation

Chlorination

Aerobic

Anaerobic




Applicability and Selection of Methods

Different processes are used to treat

wastewater depending on thecontaminants present

Similarly, different processes are used totreat sludges, depending on the objectiveof treatment



Overview: Wastewater TreatmentPlant Design

Flowrate and Mass Loading Wastewater feed is not specified, therefore the

plant must be able to treat whatever thewastewater contains

Plant design will take account of historical flowsand loadings, but must also be able to deal withexpansion

Plant must also be able to deal with a range offlow and load conditions, plus peak upstream flowconditions (eg storms)




Selection of Design Flowrates Domestic: based on a flow per head.

Varies between countries Industrial: Based on records of discharge

consents and of metered supplies

Infiltration/Exfiltration: based on a % of

the domestic flow Peaking Factors: Depends on size of

community




Selection of Design Flowrates

Upstream Flow Equalisation

Plants are not normally designed to treat totalpeak arisings

Instead, hydraulic controls will direct flowsabove plant capabilities to storm system on

larger works




Selection of Design Flowrates Upstream Flow Equalisation

UK maximum flow to treatment plant is determined byFormula A:

Formula A = PG+E+I+1360P+2E l/d

P=population

G=average daily consumption per head l/h/dE=Industrial & commercial discharges to sewer l/d

I=infiltration l/d




Selection of Design Flowrates Upstream Flow Equalisation

For larger works with storm tanks, only “FullTreatment Flow” (FTF) will receive fulltreatment.

FTF=3PG+3E+I

Formula A-FTF will pass to storm tanks




Selection of Design Mass Loadings Average mass loadings for BOD and

Suspended Solids are commonlydetermined by Population Equivalent (PE)

Design mass loadings are more complexand must take account of seasonal, diurnaland industrial load variations

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Sewage and Effluent Treatment Presentation Taster.ppt