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VIRGINIA CRIMINAL SENTENCING COMMISSION. Two Decades of Truth-in-Sentencing in Virginia. September 8, 2014. Update. Under truth-in-sentencing, felons are serving at least 85% of the sentence ordered by the court. Percentage of Prison Sentence Served. 85%. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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September 8, 2014
VIRGINIA CRIMINAL SENTENCING COMMISSION
Two Decades of Truth-in-Sentencing in Virginia
Update
Parole system data represent FY1993 prison releases; truth-in-sentencing data is derived from the rate of sentence credits earned among prison inmates as of December 31, 2013
Under truth-in-sentencing, felons are serving at least 85% of the sentence ordered by the court.
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Percentage of Prison Sentence Served
85%
Truth-in-SentencingParole System
Forcible Rape
Prison Time Served (in years)
Violent offenders, and particularly repeat violent offenders,are serving longer under truth-in-sentencing.
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Aggravated Sexual Battery
Prior Violent Record
Robbery with a Firearm
Prior Violent Record
These figures present values of actual incarceration time served under parole laws from 1988 through 1992 and expected time to be served under truth-in-sentencing provisions for cases sentenced FY2010 through FY2014. Time served values are represented by the median (the middle value, where half the time served values are higher and half are lower). Truth-in-sentencing data include only cases recommended for, and sentenced to, incarceration of more than six months.
Prior Violent Record
Truth-in-SentencingParole System
Sale of a Schedule I/II Drug
Prison Time Served (in years)
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Grand Larceny
Prior Violent Record
These figures present values of actual incarceration time served under parole laws from 1988 through 1992 and expected time to be served under truth-in-sentencing provisions for cases sentenced FY2010 through FY2014. Time served values are represented by the median (the middle value, where half the time served values are higher and half are lower). Truth-in-sentencing data include only cases recommended for, and sentenced to, incarceration of more than six months.
Nonviolent offenders are serving about the same amount of time, on average, as they did prior to the abolition of
parole.
Prior Violent Record
Time Served in Prison for Violent Offenses in Select States
Source: Pew Center on the States, Time Served
Avg. Time Served (in years) Rank
1990 2000 2009 1990 2009Alabama 4.4 4.5 6.0 6 3Arkansas 3.6 4.2 5.1 16 11Florida 2.1 4.8 5.0 33 13Georgia 4.0 4.8 5.6 9 7Kentucky 2.5 3.4 3.6 31 30Louisiana 5.4 6.5 5.3 3 9Mississippi 3.9 4.7 4.0 11 25North Carolina 3.0 3.7 4.6 26 17Pennsylvania 4.1 5.8 5.9 8 6South Carolina 3.3 4.1 4.0 22 22Tennessee 2.6 3.6 3.7 29 24Texas 3.7 5.3 5.3 15 10Virginia 3.6 4.6 6.0 17 3West Virginia 3.0 3.6 4.7 27 15
National 3.7 4.8 5.0
In 2009, Virginia ranked tied for 3rd among 34 states examined in terms of longest prison lengths of stay for violent offenders.
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Time Served in Prison for Drug Offenses in Select States
Source: Pew Center on the States, Time Served
Avg. Time Served (in years) Rank
1990 2000 2009 1990 2009Alabama 1.5 2.0 2.0 17 21Arkansas 1.4 1.8 3.0 19 1Florida 0.8 2.5 2.3 34 12Georgia 1.1 2.1 2.1 28 19Kentucky 0.9 1.4 1.2 33 33Louisiana 2.0 2.3 2.1 4 17Mississippi 1.2 1.8 1.8 25 24North Carolina 1.3 1.8 1.7 23 27Pennsylvania 2.0 2.8 2.8 6 4South Carolina 1.4 2.1 2.2 21 13Tennessee 1.6 1.4 1.5 14 30Texas 1.6 3.3 1.8 15 23Virginia 1.3 2.2 2.2 24 13West Virginia 1.4 1.4 2.3 22 11
National 1.6 2.2 2.2
In 2009, Virginia ranked tied for 13th among 34 states examined in terms of longest prison lengths of stay for drug offenders.
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Recommended for Alternative
Not Recommended for Alternative
N=6,358
N=6,627
N=5,620
Risk Assessment for Nonviolent Offenders*
* Offenders recommended by the sentencing guidelines for prison or jail incarceration
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Using empirical risk assessment, roughly half of the eligible drug, larceny, and fraud offenders are now recommended
for alternative sanctions.
FY2014 data are not complete
Offenders recommended for alternative sanctions through risk assessment have lower recidivism rates than offenders
who are not recommended for such sanctions.
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Recidivism Rates for Offendersbased on Risk Assessment Recommendation
Source: Virginia Criminal Sentencing Commission, 2010-2012 Risk Assessment Study
A larger share of Virginia’s prison beds are occupied by violent felons.
Virginia Department of Corrections Report onState-Responsible Offender Population Trends:
Percent of State Prison Beds Holding Violent Felons*
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* Identifies inmates who have a current or previous conviction for a violent felony as defined in § 17.1-805 that
resulted in a Virginia prison sentence
Source: Virginia Department of Corrections, State-Responsible Offender Population Trends
Violent Index Crime Rates, 2012
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Virginia
In 2012, Virginia’s violent crime rate was the 4th lowest in the nation and the lowest among southern states.
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Property Index Crime Rate, 2012
Virginia
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In 2012, Virginia’s property crime rate was the 8th lowest in the nation and the lowest among southern states.
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Virginia’s crime rate is at a 40-year low, andVirginia’s ranking relative to other states has improved.
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YearViolent Crime Rate Ranking
Property Crime Rate Ranking
1994 14th lowest 11th lowest
2004 14th lowest 13th lowest
2012 4th lowest 8th lowest
Virginia’s overall crime rate has dropped significantly, while its incarceration rate has increased by less than 9%.
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Changes in Crime and Incarceration Ratesfor the 20 States with the Largest Drops in the Crime Rates
State
Change in Crime Rate
1995-2012
Change in Incarceration Rate
1995-2012
Hawaii -54.0% 25.8% Arizona -51.7% 23.3% Florida -51.1% 17.2% New Jersey -50.3% -23.2% Idaho -50.2% 76.3% New York -48.9% -27.0% Maryland -48.7% -10.9% Nevada -48.1% missing data Utah -47.5% 39.9% Oregon -47.1% 83.5% Connecticut -46.2% 4.7% California -45.4% -15.6% Illinois -45.1% missing data Colorado -44.5% 34.2% Michigan -42.4% 2.8% Wyoming -42.2% 30.2% Alaska -41.9% 18.3% Massachusetts -41.1% 13.7% Virginia -41.0% 8.9% Montana -40.5% 75.5%
Virginia’s prison population growth has slowed.
Prison Population Growth
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Comparing states that calculate a three-year re-imprisonment rate, Virginia ranks second lowest.
Note: Missouri’s recidivism rate excludes the release of parole violators who have previously been returned to prison for a violation of supervision within the commitment.
Three-Year Re-Imprisonment Rate by State
Virginia
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