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Sentence Sentence FormulasFormulas
4 KINDS OF SENTENCES4 KINDS OF SENTENCES
1. SIMPLE2. COMPOUND3. COMPLEX 4. COMPOUND-COMPLEX
CLAUSECLAUSEA clause is a group of words
having a subject and a verb. There are different types of
clauses.1. Independent2. Dependent
Independent ClauseIndependent Clause(A.K.A. Simple Sentence)(A.K.A. Simple Sentence)a group of words that contains a
subject and a verb, and expresses a complete thought (An independent clause is a simple sentence!)◦Tanner didn’t like the smell of the
popcorn at the theater.◦Jozi’s mother read the book to her
before bed.◦Stop!
Dependent Clause Dependent Clause (A.K.A. Subordinate Clause)(A.K.A. Subordinate Clause)A group of words that contains a
subject and a verb but DOES NOT express a complete thought◦Before the bell rang _____________.◦________________ passing the ball to
the second baseman◦________ because the game was over.◦That there is a hole in the ozone
layer of the earth’s atmosphere _________.
◦
Dependent Clause Dependent Clause MarkersMarkers
Some common dependent markers (called subordinate conjunctions) are:
after, although, as, as ifbecause, before, even if, even
thoughif, in order to, since, though, unlessuntil, whatever, when, wheneverwhether, while
You Try!!!You Try!!!Although _______________________._______________because_________.Until__________________________.
Independent Clause Independent Clause ConnectorsConnectorsCoordinating Conjunctions -
connecting words at the beginning of an independent clause.◦When a coordinating conjunction begins
the sentences in an independent clause, then a comma is needed!!
Coordinating Conjunctions – FAN BOYS
◦for, and, nor, but, or, yet, sot
Simple SentenceSimple SentenceCalled an independent clause
Contains a subject and a verb
Expresses a complete thought
SIMPLE SENTENCE EXAMPLESSIMPLE SENTENCE EXAMPLES
• Some students like to study in the mornings.
• The boy plays soccer on Saturday afternoons.
• John and Lisa are going to the movies tonight.
YOU TRY!!!YOU TRY!!!1. Simple sentence2. Simple sentence using the word
“and”3. Simple sentence with
prepositional phrase4. Simple sentence with
understood subject
Compound SentencesCompound SentencesContains two independent
clauses. Compound sentences are also
joined together by a semi colon(;) or by adding a comma and a coordinating conjunction.
The Coordinating Conjunctions are:
For ButAnd OrNor Yet So
These conjunctions spell out Fan and Boys.
Compound Sentence Compound Sentence ExamplesExamples1. Mr. Jones is a very short man,
but he walks with an air of authority.
2. I have been to Mexico, and I don’t expect to return too soon.
3. Jenna laughed and glanced at the others dancing; I just stood there wanting to dance.
Compound Sentence Compound Sentence FormulaFormulaI , CC II ; I
When using the semicolon, REMEMBER
It can take the place of the conjunction and comma, but both sentences must be closely related.
YOU TRY!!!!YOU TRY!!!!
Examples: 1.Mr. Jones is a very short man, but
he walks with an air of authority.2.I have been to Mexico, and I
don’t expect to return too soon.3.Jenna laughed and glanced at the
others dancing; I just stood there wanting to dance.
You TryYou TryI , and II , but II ; I (Remember the independent
clauses must be closely related to use a semicolon.)
Applied PracticeApplied PracticeQuestion #1Question #1What are the two types of clauses?
Question #2Question #2True or False?
As long as a clause has a subject and a verb it is an independent clause.
Question #3Question #3Give an example of three
dependent clause markers (subordinate conjunctions like before).
Question #4Question #4What are the seven coordinating
conjunctions? (Hint: FANBOYS)
Question #5Question #5Write a simple sentence.
Question #6Question #6Write a compound sentence with
a coordinating conjunction.
Question #7Question #7Simple or Compound Sentence?The girl walked between the desks
and accidentally bumped his elbow.
Question #8Question #8
Simple or Compound Sentence?Hurry!
Question #9Question #9I went on a walk with my dog; I
ended up carrying him home.
Question #10Question #10I ate eggs, bacon, grits, and toast
for breakfast.
The famous opening sentence of Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina:
(1) All happy families resemble one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
Compound-Complex Compound-Complex SentencesSentencesMost sophisticated type of sentence!Contains 2 Independent clauses and
1 or more dependent clauseSince they are longer sentences, it is
VERY IMPORTANT to punctuate correctly.
EXAMPLE: ◦As the dog howled, one cat sat on
the fence, and the other licked its paws.
Complex SentencesComplex SentencesContains an independent clause
and 1 or more dependent clausesIt always has a subordinator
(because, since, after, although, when) (sometimes a That, Who, Which are used)
When a complex sentence begins with a subordinator, a comma is REQUIRED at the end of the dependent clause.
Complex SentencesComplex SentencesWhen the independent clause starts
the sentence, and the subordinator is in the middle, then NO COMMA IS NEEDED!
Examples:◦When he handed in his homework, he
forgot to give the teacher the last page.◦The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.