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Page 1 of 12 Benha University Faculty of EngineeringShoubra Electrical Engineering Department First Year Communications. Exam Model Answer 2 st Semester Exam 25 May 2013 ECE 121: Electronics (I) Duration : 3 hours Answer all the following questions Illustrate your answers with sketches when necessary. The exam consists of three pages. No. of questions: 5 Total Mark: 100 Marks Examiners: Dr. Ehsan Abaas – Dr. Abdallah Hammad Question 1 (15 marks) Answer this question in the form of table. Choose the correct answer (only one answer is accepted). 1The collectoremitter voltage is usually (a) Less than the collector supply voltage (b) Equal to the collector supply voltage (c) More than the collector voltage (d) Cannot answer 2A small collector current with zero base current is caused by the leakage current of the (a) Emitter diode (b) Collector diode (c) Base diode (d) transistor 3For the base biased circuit, if the transistor operates at the middle of the load line, a decrease of the base resistance will move the Q point (a) Down (b) Up (c) Nowhere (d) Off the load line 4When the Q point moves along the load line, V CE decreases when the collector current (a) Decreases (b) Stay the same (c) Increases (d) Non of the above 5For the emitter biased circuit, when the current gain increases from 50 to 300, the collector current (a) Decreases by factor of 6 (b) Increases by a factor of 6 (c) Remains almost the same (d) Is zero 6For the emitter biased circuit, if the emitter resistance increases, the collector voltage V C (a) Decreases (b) Stay the same (c) increases (d) Break down the transistor 7The collector voltage of the voltage divider bias circuit is not sensitive to the change of (a) Emitter resistance (b) Supply voltage (c) Collector resistance (d) Current gain 8If the emitter resistance doubles with the TSEB the collector current will (a) Stay the same (b) Increases (c) Doubles (d) Drop in half 9A coupling capacitor is (a) An dc open and ac short (b) An dc short (c) A dc short and an ac open (d) An ac open 10The output voltage of CE amplifier is (a) Amplified (b) Inverted (c) 180 o out of phase with the input (d) All of the above 11When the emitter resistance R E doubles the ac emitter resistance r e (a) Remains the same (b) Decrease (c) Cannot be determined (d) Increases 12The input impedance of the base decreases when (a) β decreases (b) β increases (c) Supply voltage increases (d) Into the base supply 13If the load resistance increases in a zener regulator, the zener current (a) Decreases (b) Stays the same (c) Increases (d) = the source voltage/series resistance 14The diode with a forward voltage drop of approximately 0.25 V is the (a) Step Recovery diode (b) Light emitting diode (c) Schottky diode (d) Photo diode 15For the varactor diode, when the reverse voltage decreases, the capacitance (a) Stays the same (b) Decreases (c) Has more band with (d) Increases

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Page 1: Semester Exam May First Year Exam Model Answer Duration · Exam Model Answer 2st Semester Exam ... Question 2 (20 marks) ... If V1 = V2 = 0, there is no excitation to the circuit

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Benha University Faculty of Engineering‐ Shoubra Electrical Engineering Department First Year Communications. 

 

Exam Model Answer

2st Semester Exam25 ‐ May 2013

ECE 121: Electronics (I) 

Duration : 3 hours

Answer all the following questions   Illustrate your answers with sketches when necessary.   The exam consists of three pages.   

No. of questions: 5  Total Mark: 100 Marks   Examiners: Dr. Ehsan Abaas – Dr. Abdallah Hammad 

Question 1  (15 marks) Answer this question in the form of table. Choose the correct answer (only one answer is accepted). 

1‐ The collector‐ emitter voltage is usually 

(a) Less than the collector supply voltage  (b)  Equal to the collector supply voltage (c) More than the collector voltage  (d) Cannot answer 

2‐ A small collector current with zero base current is caused by the leakage current of the  

(a) Emitter diode  (b) Collector diode  (c) Base diode  (d) transistor 

3‐ For the base biased circuit, if the transistor operates at the middle of the load line, a decrease of the base resistance will move the Q point  

(a) Down  (b) Up(c) Nowhere  (d) Off the load line 

4‐ When the Q point moves along the load line, VCE decreases when the collector current  (a) Decreases  (b) Stay the same(c) Increases  (d) Non of the above

5‐ For the emitter biased circuit, when the current gain increases from 50 to 300, the collector current  (a) Decreases by factor of 6   (b) Increases by a factor of 6  (c) Remains almost the same  (d) Is zero 

6‐ For the emitter biased circuit, if the emitter resistance increases, the collector voltage VC (a) Decreases   (b) Stay the same (c) increases  (d) Break down the transistor 

7‐ The collector voltage of the voltage divider bias circuit is not sensitive to the change of  (a)  Emitter resistance  (b) Supply voltage(c) Collector resistance  (d) Current gain 

8‐ If the emitter resistance doubles with the TSEB the collector current will (a) Stay the same  (b) Increases (c) Doubles  (d) Drop in half

9‐ A coupling capacitor is (a) An dc open and ac short  (b) An dc short (c) A dc short and an ac open  (d) An ac open 

10‐ The output voltage of CE amplifier is  (a) Amplified  (b) Inverted (c) 180o out of phase with the input  (d) All of the above 

11‐ When the emitter resistance RE doubles the ac emitter resistance re’ (a) Remains the same  (b) Decrease(c) Cannot be determined  (d) Increases 

12‐ The input impedance of the base decreases when  (a) β decreases   (b) β increases (c) Supply voltage increases  (d) Into the base supply 

13‐ If the load resistance increases in a zener regulator, the zener current (a) Decreases  (b) Stays the same (c) Increases  (d) =  the source voltage/series resistance 

14‐ The diode with a forward voltage drop of approximately 0.25 V is the (a) Step Recovery diode  (b) Light emitting diode (c) Schottky diode   (d) Photo diode 

15‐ For the varactor diode, when the reverse voltage decreases, the capacitance  (a) Stays the same  (b) Decreases (c) Has more band with   (d) Increases 

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Question 2  (20 marks)  

a‐ (6 marks) Explain, how could you implement AND and OR gates using diodes. 

2 inputs AND gate: 

  Truth Table 

Assume a diode barrier voltage of VD = 0.7 V.

There are four possible states, depending on the combination of input voltages. If at

least one input is at zero volts, then at least one diode is conducting and VO = 0.7 V. If

both V1 = V2 = 5 V

 

2 inputs OR gates  

 

  Truth table 

 

The four conditions of operation of this circuit depend on various combinations of

input voltages. If V1 = V2 = 0, there is no excitation to the circuit so both diodes are off

and VO = 0. If at least one input goes to 5 V, for example, at least one diode turns on

and VO = 4.3 V, assuming VD = 0.7 V.

 

(The students may assume that the diode voltage drop = 0 V (ideal diode))       

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 b‐ (7 marks) A certain voltage doubler has 20 V rms on its input. What is the output voltage? Draw 

the circuit, indicating the output terminals and PIV rating for the diode.  

20

20 2 28.28

2 56.56

rms

m

out m

V V

V V

V V V

 

 Full wave voltage doubler 

PIV = 2Vm 

Half Wave voltage doubler  PIV = 2 Vm 

  

(7 marks) Design a clamper to perform the function indicated in figure (1). 

 

The design should be the following circuit: with arbitrary values of the R and C values 

 

   

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Question 3  (20 marks)  

a‐ (6 marks) For the zener circuit shown in figure (2).  Given that     , VZ1 = VZ2 = 5 V 

(assume that both zener diodes have a voltage drop of 0.7 V when they are forward bias. 

Explain the operation of the circuit, and then draw the o/p voltage waveform . 

 

 

Two back-to-back Zeners can also be used as an ac regulator.

For the positive half cycle 2( )i Z Dv V V

Z2 will be in the reverse bias region (open circuit) so Z1 open as well

o iv v

2( )i Z Dv V V Z2 will operate in the reverse break down region (battery model VZ2 = 5), and Z1 is forward bias (0.7) Then

2( 0.7) 5.7o Zv V

For the negative half 1( )i Z Dv V V 1( )i Z Dv V V

Z1 will be in the reverse bias region (open circuit) so Z2 open as well

o iv v

1( )i Z Dv V V Z1 will operate in the reverse break down region (battery model VZ2 = 5), and Z1 is forward bias (0.7) Then

1( 0.7) 5.7o Zv V

 

 

 

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b‐ (6marks) Drive an expression for the ac resistance of the diode 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 6: Semester Exam May First Year Exam Model Answer Duration · Exam Model Answer 2st Semester Exam ... Question 2 (20 marks) ... If V1 = V2 = 0, there is no excitation to the circuit

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Page 7 of 12 

 

 

Question 4  (20 marks)  

a‐ (10 marks) For the circuit shown in figure (3)  

Determine:   (1) RC  (2) RE (3) RB (4) VB 

 

7.6 2.4 5.2

0.2CE C E

CE

V V V

V

 

The transistor operates in the active region. 

0.7

0.7 2.4 0.7 3.1BE B E

B E

V V V

V V V

 

 

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2

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V VR k

I mA

 

 

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V I R

VR k

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CC B B B

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B

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V V I R

V VR k

I A

 

 

 

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Page 8 of 12 

 

b‐ (10 marks) The signal source switch of figure (4) is closed, and the transistor base current becomes 

      The collector characteristic of the transistor is displayed in figure 

(5). If       VCC = 14 V and RDC = 1 kΩ. 

Graphically Determine:  (1) ICQ and VCEQ  (2) ic and vce  (3) hFE  at the Q point 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

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Page 9 of 12 

 

Question 5  (25  marks) a‐ (15 marks) Drive the expression for Av, rin , rin stage , ro and ro stage for  

(1) Common emitter amplifier 

(2) Common collector amplifier  

1‐ Common emitter: 

 

 

Finding the input resistance

 

   

     

 

  ∥ ∥    

Finding the voltage gain

 

∥  

   

∥ 

Finding the output resistance

  ∞

   

(The student may also use the T model – It will give the same results) 

 

 

Page 10: Semester Exam May First Year Exam Model Answer Duration · Exam Model Answer 2st Semester Exam ... Question 2 (20 marks) ... If V1 = V2 = 0, there is no excitation to the circuit

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2‐ Common 

 

The stu

collector  

 

udents may a

 

also add the e

 

∥  

 

effect of Rs in

 

≅ 1  

n calculation 

 

 

 

of ro and ro staage. (It will be

 

 

e ok as well)

Page 11: Semester Exam May First Year Exam Model Answer Duration · Exam Model Answer 2st Semester Exam ... Question 2 (20 marks) ... If V1 = V2 = 0, there is no excitation to the circuit

b

Stage

Stage

b‐ (10 marks

Calculate 

(1) Th

(2) Th

e 2 

Solvin

 

  1  

e 1 

Solv

 

  1  

s) Based on t

the numeric

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he derivation

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edance of th

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25 2.

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1.5

8 mA 

26 mV

4.58 mA 

668   

proximation 

25 5

56

.    

 

12.5 0.7

12

   

26 mV

0.983 mA 

   

ns in part (a),

is multistage

DC A

on 

.7

2.7 

6

56 

, For the mult

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Analysis 

ti stage amplifier circuit sh

 

 

hown in fig (6

 

 

6),  

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AC Analysis 

Second Stage 

680

5.668 Ω120 or  119.9  

  Stage 2 ∥ ∥  

  Stage 2 6.2 ∥ 2.7 ∥ 0.566  

  Stage 2    

First Stage 

  Stage 2 453 Ω 

 

∥ 

12000 ∥ 453

26.4 12000 ∥ 453 

436.52

26.4 436.52 

.  

 

Total gain 

  ≅ .   

 

Input Impedance 

  Tr 1   ∥  

  Tr 1 100  26.44 12000 ∥ 453  

  Tr 1 46.296 K  

 

  Stage 1 ∥ ∥   Tr 1  

  Stage 1 56 ∥ 56 ∥ 46.296 

 

  Stage 1 15.366 K